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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Supernatant of Actinomycetes isolates with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity against food spoilage bacteria GLORIA ANNE; DIANA ELIZABETH WATURANGI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240963

Abstract

Abstract. Anne G, Waturangi DE. 2023. Supernatant of Actinomycetes isolates with antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activity against food spoilage bacteria. Biodiversitas 24: 5189-5197. High processing food facilities occur to remove spoilage bacteria that can risk the food safety. However, bacteria can form biofilms as a survival strategy in extreme conditions. They generally use autoinducer signals in communication called quorum sensing as their modulation mechanism. Chemical agents usually treat the biofilm matrix, but side effects may occur in most cases. Therefore, it is necessary to explore natural metabolite compounds to overcome it, one of which comes from Actinomycetes. This study was conducted to determine the anti-biofilm activity of Actinomycetes supernatants, which had previously been performed using their crude extracts. The transition to using supernatant production was motivated by its higher yield and practical application. Supernatants from six Actinomycetes isolates showed positive inhibition of quorum sensing assay using Chromobacterium violaceum wild-type and mutant 026 as indicator bacteria through agar well diffusion techniques and validation assay using absorbance measurement of violacein pigment production. Based on the quantification of antibiofilm activity assay, the supernatant showed the ability to inhibit and destroy biofilm from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Shewanella putrefaciens with various percentages of antibiofilm activity, with the highest antibiofilm activity of 88.34% observed for isolate SW03 specifically targeting B. subtilis biofilm destruction. It also appeared in the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation that the addition of supernatant showed inhibition and dispersion of biofilm visually compared with the untreated ones. In conclusion, Actinomycetes supernatants have the capability to be used as antibiofilm agents, therefore potential and efficient to be applied in food industry equipment and environment to increase food safety.
Response diversity and traits related to pepper yellow leaf curl disease resilience for resistant plants selection TRI WAHONO DYAH AYU SAYEKTI; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; SOBIR SOBIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240949

Abstract

Abstract. Sayekti TWDA, Syukur M, Hidayat SH, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2023. Response diversity and traits related to pepper yellow leaf curl disease resilience for resistant plants selection. Biodiversitas 24: 5057-5064. Many chili species (Capsicum spp.) have been used and consumed, among them five species, namely Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum and C. pubescens, are widely used. Most of these varieties are susceptible to Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Disease (PYLCD) caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae). To control PYLCD, it is essential to gather resistant plant varieties to effectively shield cultivated plants from viral infections. An effective selection activity related to the target character is needed to get highly productive resistant plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between resistance characters to crop production and to obtain appropriate selection criteria to increase the effectiveness of selecting resistant plants with good production. This study was conducted at Cikabayan Field, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Twenty-nine genotypes of chili pepper were used, which consists of four species, including C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, arranged in a nested block design with three replications. The observed symptoms were yellowing of leaves followed by leaf malformations, but there were differences in the yellowing symptoms. From observation on visual symptoms, resistance characteristics, plant performance and productivity, there were differences in the response of each species to PYLCV attack. Correlation and path analysis results show that there was also differences in performance drop between C. annuum species and the non-C. annuum group. In C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, direct selection on resistance characters was able to increase the resistance level of selected plants while maintaining good crop production. Whereas for C.  annuum species, the plant resistance level was not correlate with productivity reduction, so in the selection process, the percentage of yield decline needs to be considered to obtain resistant plants and maintain crop production.
The effect of plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Melientha suavis Pierre. and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerants based on iPBS and SRAP markers THANAPOOM SIRINGAM; ONGKARN VANIJAJIVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240902

Abstract

Abstract. Siringam T, Vanijajiva O. 2023. The effect of plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Melientha suavis Pierre. and assessment of genetic fidelity of regenerants based on iPBS and SRAP markers. Biodiversitas 24: 4628-4634. Melientha suavis Pierre, a significant deciduous edible plant species with high nutritional value and belonging to the Opiliaceae family, holds paramount importance for both agricultural and conservation purposes in its native Southeast Asia. However, the species faces challenges due to habitat fragmentation and negative anthropogenic impacts, leading to a decline in its population. This study aimed to explore the effects of various concentrations of plant growth regulators (cytokinin and auxin) on the shoot and root development of M. suavis, and to assess the genetic stability of micropropagated plants obtained from nodal explants. In vitro shoot regeneration and proliferation were conducted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) semi-solid medium, supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (Kn) at different doses. The optimal shoot length, shoot number, and leaf volume were observed in the modified MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BAP after an 8-week incubation period. Efforts to enhance the rooting of micropropagated shoots included the addition of auxins, such as ?-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, the species exhibited recalcitrant behavior during the reproduction and rooting stages, as the rooting percentage did not correlate with the increase in auxin concentration. Interestingly, the highest root number and length were achieved in the MS medium without plant growth regulators after 8 weeks of incubation. To ensure genetic fidelity, regenerants were subjected to inter-primer binding site (iPBS) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker analysis. The results revealed no genetic variation between the micropropagated plants and the mother trees, confirming the production of genetically stable progeny. Overall, this protocol presents a promising alternative for profitable propagation and establishment of genetically constant progeny of M. suavis, with important implications for sustainable applications and germplasm conservation in Southeast Asia. Addressing the challenges faced by this valuable species through micropropagation and genetic fidelity assessment can contribute significantly to its preservation and utilization for agricultural and conservation initiatives.
Diversity and distribution of crustaceans in the mangrove forest of Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia I KETUT GINANTRA; I KETUT MUKSIN; MARTIN JONI; I MADE SAKA WIJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240834

Abstract

Abstract. Ginantra IK, Muksin IK, Joni M, Wijaya IMS. 2023. Diversity and distribution of crustaceans in the mangrove forest of Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4533-4541. Research on the diversity and distribution of crustaceans in the mangrove forest of Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia was conducted from March to June 2022. Sampling was carried out using the quadratic method at seven mangrove forest sites. The identification of crustacean species is based on morphological characteristics, namely carapace color, claw shape, legs, and body size. Crustacean density was determined based on the number of individuals per unit area of mangrove forest, diversity was determined by the Shanon-Wiener Index, and crustacean distribution was determined based on the frequency of species presence in each square at the seven study sites. Environmental factors were also measured: Mangrove vegetation, substrate type, temperature, pH, and salinity. The results showed that 12 species of crustaceans were found, consisting of 10 species of crabs and two species of hermit crabs. Several species of crabs are quite dominant in the mangroves of Nusa Lembongan namely Sesarma pictum (De Haan, 1835), with a density of 7 individuals/5 m2, Uca tetragonon (Herbst, 1790) of 3.7 individuals/5 m2, Uca rosea (Tweedie, 1837) with a density of 2.5 individuals/ 5 m2, and Uca triangularis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) with a density of 2 individuals/5 m2. Environmental factors support the life of Nusa Lembongan crustaceans, namely the type of substrate, mostly muddy and sandy, diverse species of mangrove plants, both true and associated mangroves, water temperature 27.70-29.00°C, pH 6.88-7.15 and water salinity ranging from 27.83-31.53‰. Crustacean diversity is included in the moderate category with their diversity index. There are three crab species with moderate to frequent (absolute) frequency of presence, namely U. rosea (Fi: 57.15%), S. pictum (Fi: 71.43%), and U. tetragonon (Fi: 85.71%). These species are present in four to six mangrove forest sites.
Isolation of Pediococcus pentosaceus to compete Vibrio harveyi in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hatchery RUBIYANTO WIDODO HALIMAN; METHODIUS DIGNA KURNIA; MOHAMMAD NURUL IMAN; SATRIA AJI KUSUMA; BENI HALALLUDIN; RIFKY RIZKIANTINO; PUTRI PURNAMA SARI; MUFTI RAHAYU; RACHMAWATI NUR FITRIANA; BESTRAN VIRLANDO PANJAITAN; ADINDA KINASIH JACINDA; HENDRI LAIMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240853

Abstract

Abstract. Haliman RW, Kurnia MD, Iman MN, Kusuma SA, Halalludin B, Rizkiantino R, Sari PP, Rahayu M, Fitriana RN, Panjaitan BV, Jacinda AK, Laiman H. 2023. Isolation of Pediococcus pentosaceus to compete Vibrio harveyi in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hatchery. Biodiversitas 24: 4514-4520. Shrimp is an aquaculture commodity with high economic value, and is widely cultured in Asia and South America. Among diseases in the shrimp hatchery, vibriosis is considered as the main problem, with emphasize on Vibrio harveyi infection. Probiotics are life microbes with defense mechanism against pathogens, and have been used in aquaculture as an alternative strategy in disease management through application into the water or through the feed. In order to renew the current probiotics available, exploration of probiotic candidate isolates with ability to compete with the luminous bacteria has been done in mangrove area of Merak Belantung, Kalianda, Lampung Province, Indonesia, and also from shrimp intestine, raised in the tank of research facility. Nine bacteria isolates were obtained from this exploration, and based on the references, 4 isolates had the potential to compete Vibrio harveyi. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing result, those 4 isolates were Bacillus cereus, B. aryabhattai, Weisella paramesenteroides, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Further analysis of in vitro test using agar-well diffusion inhibition method and in vivo test showed that among those 4 isolates, only P. pentosaceus had strong antibacterial activity against V. harveyi and could be used as probiotic in shrimp rearing with optimal dose at 5-10 µL L-1.
First report on daily activity and feeding behavior of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, Malang, Indonesia ALIFANDI R. ILMI; MUHAMMAD LUTHFI; DEWI ELFIDASARI; Y.S. HIDAYAT; DEWI M. PRAWIRADILAGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241240

Abstract

Abstract. Ilmi AR, Luthfi M, Elfidasari D, Hidayat YS, Prawiradilaga DM. 2023. First report on daily activity and feeding behavior of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6770-6779. The Javan Hawk-Eagle (JHE) (Nisaetus bartelsi) is an endemic bird of prey (raptor) on Java Island that is increasingly threatened due to land conversion, habitat destruction, and illegal hunting. These factors have led to its classification as a critically endangered species. There is a need to monitor one of the natural conservation areas in the southern region of East Java, namely the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, which serves as a habitat for Javan hawk-eagle to preserve the existence of this species. Therefore, this research aimed to understand and identify the daily activity and feeding behavior of Javan hawk-eagle in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach, Malang, East Java. The implication of this research is to provide ecological data for further research and disseminate information to the community to support conservation efforts of Javan hawk-eagle species in the protected forest of Kondang Merak Beach area. The methods used included field surveys, observation of daily activity and feeding behavior, collection of daily temperature data, habitat assessment, disturbance assessment, and interviews. Based on the observation of daily activity, the percentage of perching behavior was 71%, while flying behavior was 29%. The peak flying activity occurred between 9:00 and 12:00. Environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, and human activities influenced daily activity in the conversation area. The observation of feeding behavior showed that the highest frequency belonged to the category of 23 occurrences, where the peak occurred between 14:00 and 17:00. Furthermore, the activity was affected by nesting seasons and the presence of other raptor species besides Javan hawk-eagle.
Evaluation of body weight and morphometric characteristics of the young queen of Apis cerana javana at different queen cup cell sizes DEWI MASYITHOH; INGGIT KENTJONOWATY; SURAYA MOHAMAD SALLEH; USTADI USTADI; AGUSSALIM AGUSSALIM; FIQIH SHOLINA NASTAIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241044

Abstract

Abstract. Masyithoh D, Kentjonowaty I, Salleh SM, Ustadi, Agussalim, Nastain FS. 2023. Evaluation of body weight and morphometric characteristics of the young queen of Apis cerana javana at different queen cup cell sizes. Biodiversitas 24: 5626-5633. This study investigates body weight and morphometric characteristics of Apis cerana javana queen rearing based on differences in the queen cup sizes. The queen cell sizes were divided into three categories; the first group was a small category (T1) with a height of 0.75 cm, top diameter of 0.65 cm, and bottom diameter of 0.44 cm. The second treatment was medium category (T2) with a height of 0.85 cm, a top diameter of 0.71 cm, and a bottom diameter of 0.54 cm. The third treatment was a large category (T3) with a height of 1.00 cm, a top diameter of 0.71 cm, and a bottom diameter of 0.62 cm. The morphometrics investigated consisted of hatch weight, pupae length, body length, head, abdomen, wing, and hind leg morphometrics. The results showed that the differences in the queen cup size had no effect (P>0.05) on the hatch weight, body length, width, and length of the head, thorax, fore and hind wing (length and width), and abdomen (length and height). The different queen cell sizes did not affect the wing morphometrics (P>0.05). In addition, the leg morphometrics consisting of femur, tibia, tarsus, and metatarsus were also not affected (P>0.05) by the different queen cup sizes. These results revealed that the different queen cup sizes did not negatively impact the morphometric characteristics of A. cerana javana queen’s.
Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia PUTU SUPADMA PUTRA; TOSHIHIRO YAMADA; AMRAN ACHMAD; NASRI NASRI; ANDI SIADY HAMZAH; PUTU OKA NGAKAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240950

Abstract

Abstract. Putra PS, Yamada T, Achmad A, Nasri N, Hamzah AS, Ngakan PO. 2023. Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5065-5073. Degraded forests experience dynamics that drive them towards stable ecological conditions as a result of the succession process. Understanding the dynamics of forests through succession is a requirement for secondary forest management activities. The purpose of this research was to uncover the dynamics of population, species composition, and dominance in three secondary tropical forest communities: (i) Karst forest, (ii) Lowland forest, and (iii) Pinus merkusii plantation forest. Permanent plots with areas tailored to the richness of each forest community were constructed, and vegetation studies were conducted annually from 2019 to 2022. The results revealed that the ten most dominant species in each plot shared only one species. The rest were exclusive to a single community. During the four years of research, 25 out of a total of 90 species (Karst), 27 out of a total of 68 species (Lowland), and 12 out of a total of 43 species (Pine) experienced dynamics in the form of an increase or decrease in population. Tree density decreased in the Karst plot and fluctuated slightly in the Lowland and Pine forest plots. Meanwhile, the basal area cover continued to increase during the 4 years of observation. Comparing age and pre-succession land use history, soil type and restoration history appear dominant in determining the forest dynamics.
Unraveling metabolite profile variations among resistance and susceptible shallot genotypes related to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) RIZKI ABI AMRULLAH; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; AGUS PURWITO; SURYO WIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240956

Abstract

Abstract. Amrullah RA, Maharijaya A, Purwito A, Wiyono S. 2023. Unraveling metabolite profile variations among resistance and susceptible shallot genotypes related to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). Biodiversitas 24: 5113-5122.This study used a metabolomics approach to reveal the shallot metabolite profile under anthracnose disease conditions through GC-MS analysis. The aim of this study was to obtain candidate metabolite markers that differentiate shallot genotypes resistant to anthracnose. The results of non-targeted metabolite analysis with GC-MS revealed a shallot metabolite profiles of 54 compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA) model was conducted for reliable and accurate discrimination between uninoculated and inoculated genotypes. Four metabolites were revealed as putative biomarkers of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. infection, namely linoleic ethyl ester, squalene, octadecanoic acid, and nonacosane. At least some putative biomarkers were applicable for early resistance genotype detection in shallot. These metabolites may help characterize pathogen infection and plant defense responses. This study confirmed metabolomics as a tool to develop a strategy to clarify the mechanism of plant-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, the data presented may be helpful to developing a new method for detecting shallot, that may be resistant to anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides.
Short Communication: The biodiversity of aquatic organisms in Anak Laut Lake, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia AHMAD MUHTADI; RUSDI LEIDONALD; OKTI YOLANDA; RUHHIYAH HARAHAP; NENENG PRATIWI MATONDANG; KHAISYA PUTRI; LAURA F. M. SIMAMORA; GABRIYELLA SITOMPUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240925

Abstract

Abstract. Muhtadi A, Leidonald R, Yolanda O, Harahap R, Matondang NP, Putri K, Simamora LFM, Sitompul G. 2023. Short Communication: The biodiversity of aquatic organisms in Anak Laut Lake, Aceh Singkil District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4837-4844. Anak Laut Lake is a unique and strategic coastal lake, significantly recognized for its diverse marine biota and the potential to be a spawning, nursery, and feeding ground. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the types of aquatic organisms, including plankton, fish, crustaceans, benthos, seagrasses, and mangroves in Anak Laut Lake. The experiment was conducted in October 2022 in the Anak Laut Lake ecosystem, North Singkil Sub-district, Aceh Singkil District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The plankton was taken using a plankton net tool, extracted vertically from a depth of 2 m, and pulled to the surface. Fish and crustaceans were observed and caught with purse seines, ring nets, and gill nets. Benthic organisms were directly observed on the edge of the lake, along with the identification of mangroves, while at the bottom, the fishermen dove into the water. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and compared with similar research. The results showed a rich biodiversity in Anak Laut Lake, with at least 165 species/genera of aquatic biota, 9 species of mangroves, and 2 Seagrass species. The marine nekton found consisted of fish (55 species), shrimp (3 species), and crabs (10 species). The macrozoobenthos found in Anak Laut Lake consisted of 13 species of clams, 12 gastropods, 3 sea cucumbers, 2 sand dollars, 2 horseshoe crabs, and 1 sea urchin. Various species of aquatic biota whose existence was threatened in nature and found in this lake included golden sea cucumber (Stichopus herrmanni), seahorse (Hippocampus comes and Hippocampus kuda) with Vulnerable status (VU), tap ray (Maculabatis gerrardi), and sand cucumber (Holothuria scabra) with Endangered species status (EN). This shows that this coastal lake is an important and crucial habitat for several species that are vulnerable to extinction. For this reason, in the future, further studies are needed regarding the habitat characteristics and spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic organisms in Lake Laut, so that more appropriate management can be implemented for the sustainability of the lake.

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