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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 461   462   463   464   465 
Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia TRIO SANTOSO; RENDI PARIDDUAR; AFIF BINTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240849

Abstract

Abstract. Santoso T, Paridduar R, Bintoro A. 2023. Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4675-4683. repong damar, a traditional agroforestry system, benefits farmers and the environment; hence, it must be maintained. As a conservation endeavor and for long-term ecosystem management, repong damar's plant must be researched further. The study evaluated plant variety and composition in Pekon (Village) Pahmungan (PHG) and Pekon Negara Ratu Tenumbang (NRT) areas of Pesisir Barat Districts, Lampung Province, Indonesia, where both communities utilized repong damar for decades. The data was obtained systematically by marking 69 sample plots with sub-plots for different growth stages of 20 × 20 m for trees (S1), 10 x 10 m for poles (S2), 5 x 5 m for saplings (S3), and 2 x 2 m for seedlings (S4). A total of 56 species from 30 families were recorded in this study, which consisted of different life forms of trees (69.64%), shrubs (26.78%), and herbs (3.57%). Shorea javanica Koord. & Valet had the maximum IVI value in both study areas except for the S4 growth level. IVI values in PHM for S1, S2, and S3 were 136.41, 113.93 and 20.94, respectively. In NRT for S1, S2, and S3 were 89.25, 68.25 and 48.64, respectively. The farmers' preferences for Shorea javanica Koord and Valet are mainly caused by the fact that farmers have tapped its resin to provide their primary source of revenue, making them inherently dominant. Conversely, farmers neglecting Shorea javanica seedlings raises worries about its future viability, in addition to contemplating possible pests and diseases. Calculations of species diversity and evenness revealed moderate values and a generally even species distribution in both study areas. At the same time, Species richness calculation showed medium value and low in NRT. The three indices' values generate higher PMH ratings than NRT.
Short communication: Traditional medicinal plants and their uses from Sembirai Village, Kota Belud District, Sabah State, Malaysia Borneo SAIDATUL NORNIS HJ. MAHALI; ROSMAH DERAK; ZALEHA A. AZIZ; BERNADETTE TOBI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241114

Abstract

Abstract. Mahali SNH, Derak R, Aziz ZA, Tobi B. 2023. Short communication: Traditional medicinal plants and their uses from Sembirai Village, Kota Belud District, Sabah State, Malaysia Borneo. Biodiversitas 24: 5956-5961. The Sama-Bajau of the Kota Belud District in Sabah, Malaysia, uses traditional medicine as an alternative to conventional medicine. However, this knowledge is at risk of disappearing because it has not been scientifically documented. The aim of this study was to identify the various traditional medicinal plants used to treat various common diseases. The primary data for this qualitative study was collected through semi-structured interviews, pictures, and observations. Two practitioners of traditional Sama-Bajau medicine were selected based on their role as skilled healers and their importance to the villagers during times of emergency. They were also chosen based on their reputation in their community and their vast knowledge of traditional herbs. Based on their interviews, 30 plant species from 22 families were identified as traditional medicines. The Arecaceae, Moraceae, and Zingiberaceae families are among the different herb families used by the Sama-Bajau. The simple treatment methods used by the healers involve the use of leaves, rhizomes, tubers, stems, bark, and fruits. There are various methods of preparing medicines, such as boiling, simmering, brewing, and chewing. The use of plants as traditional medicine is an important part of the indigenous knowledge of the Sama-Bajau society and holds great potential for future development.
Isolation of euryhaline microalgal strains from tropical waters of Brunei Darussalam for potential biomass production WARDINA ROSELI; YASUAKI TANAKA; HUSSEIN TAHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240905

Abstract

Abstract. Roseli W, Tanaka Y, Taha H. 2023. Isolation of euryhaline microalgal strains from tropical waters of Brunei Darussalam for potential biomass production. Biodiversitas 24: 4651-4660. Rapid urbanization has increased the accumulation of excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in natural water bodies (eutrophication). Microalgae are seen as a viable candidate to resolve the problem due to their ability to absorb nutrients from the eutrophicated water (phycoremediation). Euryhaline microalgae could significantly benefit because they can tolerate various salinities while maintaining high biomass productivity. This study aimed to isolate euryhaline microalgae from tropical waters and evaluate the algae's potential to produce biomass and absorb nutrients in a wide range of salinities. Three strains labeled W1, W2, and W3 were isolated from Brunei waters and confirmed by DNA barcoding as Desmodesmus sp., Micractinium sp., and Chlorococcum sp., respectively. These strains were screened for salinity tolerance by exposing them to eight conditions (salinity 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35) and evaluated for their high growth performance based on optical density. While the growth of Desmodesmus sp. and Chlorococcum sp. decreased from its highest value by 51% and 45%, respectively, the growth of Micractinium sp. was only reduced by 30%, and therefore, Micractinium sp. was considered to be the most euryhaline species and studied further in the next scale-up experiment. Micractinium sp. was cultivated at salinities of 0, 15, and 30 and recorded the highest biomass production of 54.1 ± 6.0 mg L?1 d?1 at salinity 15. Furthermore, they produced high amounts of N and P in their biomass, indicating that they are suitable for the phycoremediation of eutrophic water bodies. Therefore, Micractinium sp. is a potential candidate for open-pond cultivation because of its tolerance to a wide range of salinities and high biomass productivity.
Ecological adaptation of smallholders to tropical climate change in the highland zone of South Sulawesi, Indonesia NURBAYA BUSTHANUL; EYMAL B. DEMMALLINO; HAIRUL RACHMAN SULTANI; MUNSI LAMPE; ACHMAD ISMAIL; AMIR YASSI; LUKMAN DARIS; MUH YAMIN SAUDI; ARIFAH ZAINUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241014

Abstract

Abstract. Busthanul N, Demmallino EB, Sultani HR, Lampe M, Ismail A, Yassi A, Daris L, Saudi MY, Zainuddin A. 2023. Ecological adaptation of smallholders to tropical climate change in the highland zone of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5328-5335. Climate change has adversely affected the stability of agricultural production and livelihood systems, threatening the well-being of farmers in Indonesia, particularly small-scale farmers with limited resources. To mitigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, innovative approaches are required. Ecological adaptation is one of such approaches which addresses the threat of climate change. However, studies on ecological adaptation in Indonesia have mostly been concentrated on food crops, with limited attention to horticultural commodities in mountainous regions. This study aims to explore how horticulture farmers in the mountainous region of Enrekang District, South Sulawesi, adapt to the effects of tropical climate change. This study employs a post-positivistic approach, to a case study of the impact of climate change on the horticulture farming community in Enrekang District. The study uses a household survey method to gather quantitative data, while focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect qualitative data using semi-structured and unstructured questionnaires. The study's findings revealed diverse ecological adaptation patterns among horticulture farmers, which include adjustments in planting timing, management of pests and diseases, crop rotation, and the use of pumping systems. In addition to these scientifically based strategies, local knowledge also played a crucial role in adaptation processes. Furthermore, to ensure the sustainability of these ecological adaptation strategies, there is a need for the government and scientists to support and empower local communities collectively. This recognition and collaboration are vital for ensuring the resilience and effectiveness of adaptation efforts in mitigating climate change.
Beneficial interaction between rice stunt virus and its insect vector Nilaparvata lugens Stal based on life table LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; I GUSTI AYU DIAH YUNITI; PUTU EKA PASMIDI ARIATI; NI PUTU PANDAWANI; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA; I GEDE RAI MAYA TEMAJA; GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA WIRYA; I PUTU SUDIARTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240851

Abstract

Abstract. Listihani L, Yuniti IGAD, Ariati PEP, Pandawani NP, Selangga DGW, Temaja IGRM, Wirya GNAS, Sudiarta IP. 2023. Beneficial interaction between rice stunt virus and its insect vector Nilaparvata lugens Stal based on life table. Biodiversitas 24: 4690-4698. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) causes direct and indirect damage as a stunting virus vector in rice. Insect vectors and viruses are closely related with respect to disease transmission to host plants. Thus, this research aimed to determine the specific relationship between a virus and its insect vector on the biology and demography statistics of viruliferous brown planthopper (BPH). Research method included the propagation of N. lugens and stunt virus inoculum, the observation of cohort, stadia duration and egg survival rates, imago life span, and N. lugens life table. The BPH life table was arranged with the jackknife method for two treatments: plants infected by stunt virus and healthy plants. The research result showed that plants infected by stunt virus can shorten the BPH nymphal development stage from instar 2 to instar 5, life cycle, preoviposition period, and double time. Plants infected by stunt virus did not influence the BPH hatching pattern but influenced the total number of hatching eggs. The next BPH generation of stunt virus inflected plants increased 29.51 times more from the previous generation, while on healthy plants, the next BPH generation only increased 27.51 times. Virus-infected plants generally appeared to be superior quality hosts for vectors compared to uninfected plants, thus enhancing vector life table and virus spread.
Mangrove diversity and its relationships with environmental conditions in Kuala Bubon Village, West Aceh, Indonesia WINTAH WINTAH; KISWANTO KISWANTO; ENDANG HILMI; MOH. HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240864

Abstract

Abstract. Wintah, Kiswanto, Hilmi E, Sastranegara MH. 2023. Mangrove diversity and its relationships with environmental conditions in Kuala Bubon Village, West Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4599-4605. Mangrove ecosystem plays various ecological and socio-economic roles. Indonesia has the largest extent of mangrove forest one of which is located in West Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity and structure of mangrove forest in Kuala Bubon Village, West Aceh, and to analyze the relationships between the existence of mangrove species and the environmental conditions. Field survey was conducted from May to August 2022 using plot sampling method on three stations representing various habitat characteristics. Vegetation sampling using a 10 x 10 m2 plot as well as measurement on physical parameters (pH, salinity, and temperature) and chemical parameters (sediment texture and organic carbon content) were conducted. The relationship between the presence of mangrove species and the environmental parameters was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result of vegetation sampling recorded 6 mangrove species, i.e., Rhizophora stylosa Griff, Sonneratia alba Sm, Avicennia marina (Blume), c, and Sonneratia caseolaris (L) Engl. This study revealed that the presence of Rhizophora stylosa Griff was related to the conditions of the clay substrate, pH and temperature values. Meanwhile, the existence of Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lamk, Sonneratia alba Sm, Sonneratia caseolaris (L) Engl, and Avicennia marina (Blume) was related to the conditions of the silt substrate, diameter and salinity. Based on the results of relationship analysis, silt substrate and salinity have a correlation to maintain the mangrove ecosystem.
Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia UJANG HIDAYAT TANUWIRIA; ANDI MUSHAWWIR; MARDIATI ZAIN; DESPAL DESPAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240763

Abstract

Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Mushawwir A, Zain M, Despal D. 2023. Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4183-4192. This investigation was carried out in three different locations to examine the impact of legume forage as a protein source on lipid regulation and growth. This study used 120 rams, consisting of 40 rams in each location (Garut, Cianjur, Sukabumi) spread along the South Coast of West Java. Physical environmental conditions were recorded during the study. Ram lambs at each location were divided into four groups; one group only received a basal diet (Setaria/Setaria sphacelata), and the other three groups were each given additional legumes (calliandra/Calliandra calothyrsus, lamtoro/Leucaena leucocephala, and moringa/Moringa oleifera). Blood samples were collected every two weeks during the 16 weeks experiment. The blood sampling was handled based on standard procedures to prevent sample damage, and the body weight was measured every two weeks. Sample analysis related to lipid regulation and creatine kinase activity was measured using spectrophotometric techniques according to the instructions of the Kit Randox protocol and analysis of blood plasma fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The research results show that legumes as a protein source can regulate through molecular signaling to decrease lipid levels, saturated fatty acids, and lipid transport in the extracellular fluid, but increase unsaturated fatty acid and the growth rate of ram lambs. Based on the results of the current study, it can be a strong basis for the development of nutrigenomic aspects of protein for small ruminants, accompanied by studies of the ages of different ruminant samples.
Effect of varieties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and extraction solvent on total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity GARDA YODI; I MADE ARTIKA; WARAS NURCHOLIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241203

Abstract

Abstract. Yodi G, Artika IM, Nurcholis W. 2023. Effect of varieties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and extraction solvent on total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. Biodiversitas 24: 6425-6431. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is widely recognized for its high phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to measure yields, total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from three varieties of Temulawak, namely Cursina 1, Cursina 2, and Cursina 3. The samples were extracted using the maceration method and evaporated with a rotary vacuum evaporator. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed using a colorimetric method, while antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The highest acetone and ethyl acetate extract yields were obtained from Cursina 2, i.e., 5.8% and 4.3%, respectively. The highest phenol in the acetone and ethyl acetate extract was from  Cursina 2, consisting of 9.55±0.37 mg GAE/g DW and 4.60±0.12 GAE/g DW. The highest flavonoid content in the acetone and ethyl acetate extract was from Cursina 2, i.e., 20.48±0.45 QE/g and 8.59±0.14 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH method showed that acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Cursina 2 had the highest antioxidant activities, i.e., 3.28±0.03 ?mol TE/g DW and 2.11±0.04 ?mol TE/g DW, respectively. The highest antioxidant capacity based on the ABTS method was found in the acetone extract of Cursina 2 (148.91±6.10 ?mol TE/g DW) and ethyl acetate extract of Cursina 3 (84.30±5.10 ?mol TE/g DW). The FRAP method showed the highest antioxidant capacity was Cursina 2 acetone extract (115.23±2.30 ?mol TE/g DW) and ethyl acetate extract of Cursina 3 (71.88±1.48 ?mol TE/g DW). These results suggested that acetone is a more suitable solvent for the Cursina 2 variety, while ethyl acetate is more suitable for the Cursina 3 variety.
Indigenous filamentous fungi isolated from zirconia processing wastewater as a potential biosorbent for aqueous thorium(IV) ions MOCHAMMAD YAZID; ARIS BASTIANUDIN; BERNADETTA OCTAVIA; TITAN DWIKAMA PUTRA; LUTHFIA DWI RACHMANI; KHOIRIA NUR ATIKA PUTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241243

Abstract

Abstract. Yazid M, Bastianudin A, Octavia B, Putra TD, Rachmani LD, Putri KNA. 2023. Indigenous filamentous fungi isolated from zirconia processing wastewater as a potential biosorbent for aqueous thorium(IV) ions. Biodiversitas 24: 6825-6835. This research focused on exploring indigenous thorium-tolerant fungal isolated from zirconia processing wastewater as a biosorbent for thorium. The objective of present study was to isolate, purify, identify, and analyze the selected capabilities of indigenous fungal biomass in adsorbing thorium from aqueous solution, with the aim of obtaining valuable technical data for its application as a bioremediation agent for technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) wastewater containing thorium. The results showed that total five indigenous fungal isolates, namely two isolates of Penicillium sp. (T2, T4), Rhizoctonia sp. (T3), Mycelia sterilia (T5), and Aspergillus sp. (T6) were isolated from the samples. The result of tolerance index values revealed that two isolates i.e., Penicillium sp. (T2), Penicillium sp. (T4) and a Mycelia sterilia (T5) exhibited high tolerance, while Rhizoctonia sp. (T3) and Aspergillus sp. (T6) showed very high tolerance to thorium. Consequently, Rhizoctonia sp. (T3) was selected for the biosorption study based on the highest tolerance index value obtained. The optimal pH for biosorption was found to be 4 with 30 minutes of contact time and an 80°C temperature. The optimal biosorption efficiency with initial concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm was 97.53 and 90.88%, respectively. In conclusion, based on the obtained technical data, the Rhizoctonia sp. (T3) biomass shows significant potential as a bioremediation agent for wastewater containing thorium.
Morphological and anatomical studies of Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang: An endemic plant from Vietnam NGUYEN THANH TO NHI; TRAN VAN CHEN; DUONG NGUYEN XUAN LAM; DANH DUC NGUYEN; QUANG DIEP DINH; NGUYEN HOANG KHANH LINH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240946

Abstract

Abstract. Nhi NTT, Chen TV, Lam DNX, Nguyen DD, Dinh QD, Linh NHK. 2023. Morphological and anatomical studies of Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang: An endemic plant from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 24: 5022-5034. Conamomum vietnamense N.S. Lý & T.S. Hoang (Zingiberaceae) is an endemic plant from Vietnam. Information on the anatomical structure of leaves, roots, rhizomes, and the powder characteristics of C. vietnamense has not been reported. This study aimed to combine macro- and micro-morphological analysis to identify C. vietnamense accurately. Twenty fresh plants were randomly collected from the wild habitats in Vietnam were used for the study. Macromorphological characteristics were observed and compared to earlier research. Iodine green-carmine staining was then used to histologically examine the leaves, roots, and rhizomes. The powdered rhizome and leaf features were described via a microscope. Macromorphologically, C. vietnamense is characterized by its stout stilt roots, short petioles, oblong-lanceolate leaf blades with lightly plicate, inflorescences with obovoid, and narrowly ovate bracts, hairy underside bracteoles, bilobed calyx, yellow flowers with broadly obovate, glabrous, trilobed labellum. Micromorphologically, the anatomical features of leaves, roots, and rhizomes have similarities with those of Zingiberaceae species. The tetracytic stomata was observed on both leaf surfaces. The stomatal indexes on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves are 8.81±0.55% and 0.1±0.06%, respectively. Calcium oxalate crystals were found in the leaf. Starch grains and reticulate xylem vessels were present only in rhizome powder. These findings are important characteristics for identifying C. vietnamense.

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