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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Nutrition composition of commercial full-fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) as a potential protein resource for aquafeeds ISHAAQ SAPUTRA; YIH NIN LEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240930

Abstract

Abstract. Saputra I, Lee YN. 2023. Nutrition composition of commercial full-fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) as a potential protein resource for aquafeeds. Biodiversitas 24: 4877-4884. Black Soldier Fly or BSF (Hermetia illucens) is one of the most researched insect species for its potential as a protein source in aquafeeds. In the present study, two commercially available full-fat and defatted BSF larvae were analyzed in terms of nutrition profiles including proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral contents. The defatted BSF was in the form of a meal and the full-fat BSF was in the form of overdried. The full-fat BSF larvae were ground using a food-grade milling machine and strained to obtain small particles. BSFL meals were then sent for laboratory analysis. Results indicated that the defatted BSFL have higher crude protein content than full-fat BSF, with crude protein value of 47.70% and 30.72%, respectively. In contrast, the crude lipid in the full-fat BSFL was 36.20%, higher than in defatted BSFL, with only 8.11% lipid content. The amino acids analysis indicated that only histidine was the amino acid that was higher in defatted BSF than in full-fat BSF. The availability of fatty acids in defatted BSFL was lower than in full-fat BSF. On the contrary, the Ca, Na, mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu in defatted BSF were higher than in the full-fat BSFL. In conclusion, full-fat and defatted BSF have comparable nutrition value to fishmeal sourced from bycatch fishes and the defatting process of BSFL improves the nutritional composition of BSFL including protein and amino acids. Therefore, it can be used as information for the correct choice of BSFL used in aquafeeds.
Influences of zonation on water fertility and structure communities of phytoplankton and benthos in Batukaras Mangrove Forest, Pangandaran District, Indonesia DESTY PRATIWI; DINA OKTAVIA; DADAN SUMIARSA; SUNARDI SUNARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240941

Abstract

Abstract. Pratiwi D, Oktavia D, Sumiarsa D, Sunardi S. 2023. Influences of zonation on water fertility and structure communities of phytoplankton and benthos in Batukaras Mangrove Forest, Pangandaran District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4978-4988. Mangrove forests are coastal areas with several advantages, including access to natural resources that other regions do not provide. Pangandaran has mangrove forest areas, namely Batukaras mangroves, located in Batukaras Village, Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. This study aims to identify the primary productivity and community structure of phytoplankton and benthos as one of the natural resources in the Batukaras mangrove with different zone patterns of mangrove (seaward and landward). The purposive sampling method determined the observation stations based on the vegetation density. The obtained data of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) was analyzed with the light and dark bottle (Winkler method). In addition, the data community structure of phytoplankton and benthos was analyzed using the Shannon Wienner diversity index (H'), equitability index (E), and Simpson dominance index (D). The results show that the NPP in seaward and landward are mesotrophic with values of 105.833 mgC/m3/h and 36.463 mgC/m3/h. The abundance of phytoplankton and benthos in seaward is 560 ind/m3 and 387 ind, while landward ranges from 1140 ind/m3 and 135 ind. Planktoniella sp. and Faunus ater dominated the community structure of phytoplankton and benthos seaward, while the landward location consisted of Oscillatoria sp. and Terebralia sulcata. The community structure of phytoplankton and benthos in seaward and landward has significant differences (<0.05). The seaward and landward zone shows relatively stable and non-polluted waters.
Genetic and morphological analysis of complex Giuris group species from Limboto Lake, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia ARAFIK LAMADI; AKHSAN FIKRILLAH PARICAHYA; FENI IRANAWATI; MAHENO SRI WIDODO; DEWA GEDE RAKA WIADNYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241002

Abstract

Abstract. Lamadi A, Paricahya AF, Iranawati F, Widodo MS, Wiadnya DGR. 2023. Genetic and morphological analysis of complex Giuris group species from Limboto Lake, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5223-5233. Wallacea, especially Sulawesi, has a high endemism level with genuine biodiversity for mammals, reptiles, freshwater, and brackish fishes. Fish biodiversity in Limboto Lake, a great natural lake of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, still needs to be scientifically explored, in contrast with its utilization for human activities that have anthropogenic effects on their ecosystem. Eleotridae is a taxonomical complex to their identification and distributed well in Sulawesi, including Limboto Lake with genus Giuris, known locally as hulu'u fish. Ambiguous identification in Giuris margaritaceus morphologically causing misidentification in molecular analysis, including using Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) region's information. Giuris specimens from Limboto Lake were collected from June 2022 until May 2023. From 662 individuals, length and weight relationship analysis results showed the population is mildly positive allometric (W= 0.11TL3.08). Meristic measurement result (D1 VI; D2 I.8-9; A I.9; P 14-16; V I.5; C 13-14) directing to G. margaritaceus with several small differences. COI analysis using six random specimens of the Limboto Lake population, comparing with four population from NCBI and BOLD System identified as G. margaritaceus or its synonym Ophieleotris aporos, indicating all populations is separated species from one another with P-distances more than 2% and made separated groups in phylogenetic tree and haplotype network. Misidentification issues in the Giuris margaritaceus taxonomical name for all five populations indicate they're potentially separated into five different species, with or without including Giuris margaritaceus, and potentially from currently described species or being new species in the future. Limboto Lake population made three haplotypes with high haplotype diversity (0.733) and low nucleotide diversity (0.001), indicating this population is facing high stressors and starting to grow. Understanding Giuris ambiguities could help governments, researchers, conservationists, and other stakeholders to mapping the ecological priorities.
Genetic and morphological diversity of various corn lines for the determination of waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) parents DIMAS AGUNG PANGESTU; SURJONO HADI SUTJAHJO; ARYA WIDURA RITONGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241046

Abstract

Abstract. Pangestu DA, Sutjahjo SH, Ritonga AW. 2023. Genetic and morphological diversity of various corn lines for the determination of waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) parents. Biodiversitas 24: 5643-5652. Genetic diversity is the first step in plant breeding programs. Information about genetic diversity is essential for commodity development to run well, and crop improvement can be more focused. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and performance of various genotypes of waxy corn. A total of 18 genotypes of waxy corn were grown using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance, estimation of the genetic parameters, broad-sense heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variances, and cluster analysis were carried out in this study. The results showed differences in qualitative and quantitative characters between the genotypes of the tested waxy corn. The characters of plant height, ear height, stem diameter, number of leaves, tassel length, ear weight, and number of seeds per row had a high heritability and genetic coefficient of variance. This result indicates that those traits have a high variability among genotypes. Cluster analysis based on qualitative and quantitative characters divided 18 genotypes of waxy corn into three main clusters with similarity 18.34%. The main characteristics that divide the 3 clusters include ear weight with husk, ear length, ear length with kernels, stem diameter, plant height, and ear height. Based on the cluster analysis results, it was suspected that the F1 hybrid resulting from crossing genotypes JPM-1-5-9 with JPS-13-6-5-5 was a hybrid that could produce the best ear character.
Detection and analysis of mangrove cover change in Kepalajerih Island, Batam, Indonesia using Landsat Imagery AUNURRAHMAN AUNURRAHMAN; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; MAX RUDOLF MUSKANANFOLA; SURADI WIJAYA SAPUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241134

Abstract

Abstract. Aunurrahman, Anggoro S, Muskananfola MR, Saputra SW. 2023. Detection and analysis of mangrove cover change in Kepalajerih Island, Batam, Indonesia using Landsat Imagery. Biodiveritas 24: 6126-6133. For small islands, the mangrove ecosystem is crucial since it offers a variety of goods and services. In this study, we analysed the distribution and coverage of the mangrove ecosystem in Kepalajerih Island, Batam, Indonesia as well as the changes in mangrove ecosystem coverage over time. We also identified the required bands and their value range of Landsat data for mangrove detection. The research was carried out by applying reflectance selection to detect mangrove ecosystems. Landsat Imagery was used in the analysis, including Landsat 5 TM imagery of 1997 and Landsat 8 OLI imagery of 2015 and 2022. The result found that the combination of bands 1 and 5 of Landsat 5 TM or bands 2 and 6 of Landsat 8 OLI are applicable for mangrove detection. Reflectance of B1 or B2 less than 0.0325 indicates vegetation, while reflectance of B5 ranges from 0.0337 to 0.0837 or B6 ranges from 0.0454 to 0.0928, indicating wetland area. Therefore, the combination of both bands makes up for the mangrove area. Based on the analysis result, mangrove coverage in Kepalajerih Island fluctuated from 1,310.27 ha in 1997 to 1,117.29 ha in 2015 and then to 1,188.77 ha in 2022. The fluctuation was caused by a mangrove loss of as much as 262.17 ha and an expansion of 69.18 ha during 1997-2015, and a mangrove loss of 99.39 ha and an increase of 170.88 ha during 2015-2022. The natural drivers likely caused the fluctuation of mangrove coverage.
Interaction between Eichornia crassipes with Microbacterium sp. SpR3 and Micrococcus luteus RT-9 in Cr6+ reduction in liquid media ANDRIYANI DEA WULANDARI; V. IRENE MEITINIARTI; SRI KASMIYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250307

Abstract

Abstract. Wulandari AD, Meitiniarti VI, Kasmiyati S. 2024. Interaction between Eichornia crassipes with Microbacterium sp. SpR3 and Micrococcus luteus RT-9 in Cr6+ reduction in liquid media. Biodiversitas 25: 957-963. Water Pollution caused by Cr6+ contamination is difficult to remove from the environment. One of the efforts to reduce Cr6+ contamination in water is by bioremediation. Bioremediation using the interaction of rhizosphere bacteria with aquatic plants can be employed to decrease the content of Cr6+ in water environment. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding Microbacterium sp. SpR3, Micrococcus luteus RT-9, and a mixture of both bacteria on the ability of Eichornia crassipes to reduce the concentration of Cr6+ in the growth media and the plant's growth potential. This study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology at Satya Wacana Christian University. Eichornia crassipes plans of similar size were grown in 450 mL of Hoaglands solution with Cr6+ 5 mg.L-1 in a container. The treatment in this study involves the addition of 50 mL (10% of the working volume) of Microbacterium sp SpR3 culture, Micrococcus luteus RT- 9, and a combination of both Cr6+-reducing bacteria. The reduction rate of Cr6+ concentration in the mixture of both types of bacteria reached 88.06%, which was higher compared to the control without the addition of the inoculum (87.08%). The inoculation of both Cr6+ reducing bacteria did not hibit the growth rate of the plants. The ability of Microbacterium sp. SpR3 and Micrococcus luteus RT-9 to reduce Cr6+ in liquid media can be employed in the bioremediation of Cr6+ contaminated wastewater.
Evaluation of phytochemical composition and metabolite profiling of macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia and C. peltata from the Banda Aceh coast, Indonesia SAID ALI AKBAR; MUHAMMAD HASAN; SARI AFRIANI; CUT NUZLIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241009

Abstract

Abstract. Akbar SA, Hasan M, Afriani S, Nuzlia C. 2023. Evaluation of phytochemical composition and metabolite profiling of macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia and C. peltata from the Banda Aceh coast, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5283-5292. The study of seaweeds to extract their bioactive compounds has become increasingly important from the standpoint of broader applications. This study aimed to examine the metabolite profiles and phytochemical content of Caulerpa peltata and Caulerpa taxifolia along the coast of Banda Aceh in Indonesia. Readers interested in learning more about the biological activities of C. peltata and C. taxifolia can refer to the material gathered from this study. The three steps proposed by this study were phytochemical composition, antioxidant scavenging, and in vivo metabolite profiling by the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization, and the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Using DPPH to measure antioxidant activity, both extracts demonstrated greater scavenging capability, with inhibition values of 42.59% and 39.81%, respectively. In both macroalgae, the GC-MS methodology has shown to be a quick, sensitive, and trustworthy way to monitor individual components and the entire chemical composition. In C. taxifolia, there are 29 phytochemical compounds, whereas in C. peltata, there are 26 types. The ethanol extract of the macroalgae C. taxifolia and C. peltata was then subjected to an FTIR spectrum. These findings at 3352 cm-1, 1654 cm-1, and 1019 cm-1 proved that alkanes, alkenes, and hydroxyl groups were present, corresponding to several compounds in the GC-MS measurement results. Caulerpa taxifolia and C. peltata are potential antibacterial agents; the bioactive compounds for this activity are Heptadecane, Hexadecanoic acid, and other ester derivatives.
Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais NI SILUH PUTU NURYANTI; LINA BUDIARTI; DULBARI DULBARI; HERY SUTRISNO; DENNY SUDRAJAT; YURIANSYAH YURIANSYAH; PRIYADI PRIYADI; RIZKY RAHMADI; FAJAR ROCHMAN; EVI YUNITA SARI; JUWITA SURI MAHARANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241042

Abstract

Abstract. Nuryanti NSP, Budiarti L, Dulbari, Sutrisno H, Sudrajat D, Yuriansyah, Priyadi, Rahmadi R, Rochman F, Sari EY, Maharani JS. 2023. Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais. Biodiversitas 24: 5610-5617. Maize weevils also known as Sitophilus zeamais, are primary pests that decrease in the quality and quantity of grain products. This study aimed to examine the impact of nanoemulsion formulas of Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oils on S. zeamais adults. The investigation focused on the toxicity, ability to inhibit population growth, intensity of damage caused, and effect on seed weight loss. The essential oils were extracted using the distillation method, and the toxicity was tested through contact, fumigant, and seed dressing. A probit program was used to analyze the toxicity level (LC50 and LC95). The results showed that M. fragrans essential oil had the highest toxicity in contact treatment and the lowest when applied via fumigation. Furthermore, this method shows an LC50 value for the contact method of 0.53% and fumigation of 1.01%, while the LC95 value is 4.38% and 10.60% respectively. Based on the LC95 botanical insecticide from J. curcas, all three methods were toxic to S. zeamais adults, with contact being the highest, followed by seed dressing, and fumigant, at 5.23, 6.44, and 19.94%, respectively. The botanical insecticides derived from M. fragrans essential oil through contact provided the best inhibitory activity on population development, intensity of damage, and seed weight loss, with values of 18.00, 16.81, and 13.96%. Plant-based pesticides not only cause pest mortality but also maintain seed quality by reducing weight loss, intensity of pest attacks, and inhibiting the development of pest populations in storage.
Exploring the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria from Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) against Bacillus subtilis DEBIE RIZQOH; SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI; UTARI HARTATI SURYANI; CINTYA NABILA PUTRI; MEUTIA AGUSTIN; HERNITA TAURUSTYA; NOVRIANTIKA LESTARI; MARDHATILLAH SARIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250229

Abstract

Abstract. Rizqoh D, Sipriyadi, Suryani UH, Putri CN, Agustin M, Taurustya H, Lestari N, Sariyanti M. 2024. Exploring the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria from Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) against Bacillus subtilis. Biodiversitas 25: 700-707. Infectious diseases are still one of the global health problems. Increasing antibiotic resistance against several pathogenic microbes causes antibiotics to be less effective in treating infectious diseases. One pathogenic bacteria that causes infection is Bacillus subtilis, which causes bacteremia, septicemia, and endocarditis. Therefore, searching for new alternative antibiotics is urgently needed to overcome bacterial resistance. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) extract produces antimicrobial bioactive compounds. Thus, this study aims to explore endophytic bacteria from Z. acanthopodium and determine their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. This study used a qualitative experimental method, namely isolation of endophytic bacteria, characterization of endophytic bacteria colonies and cells, antagonistic test against B. subtilis, extraction of compounds from endophytic bacteria, and determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of crude extract of endophytic bacteria against B. subtilis. This study showed that 16 endophytic isolates from Z. acanthopodium could inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, and potential isolates were EA7 and EA26, which have Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at 40%, and EB6 at 80%.
Screening and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from celery with the potential to promote plant growth NURIYANAH NURIYANAH; TIWIT WIDOWATI; ANDI MASNANG; LISEU NURJANAH; DAINTY NOVILASARI; SYLVIA J. R. LEKATOMPESSY; RUMELLA SIMARMATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241251

Abstract

Abstract. Nuriyanah, Widowati T, Masnang A, Nurjanah L, Novilasari D, Lekatompessy SJR, Simarmata R. 2023. Screening and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from celery with the potential to promote plant growth. Biodiversitas 24: 6897-6904. Endophytic bacteria that inhabit plant tissue contribute to the enhancement of host plant growth by producing secondary metabolites. They can improve plant growth by phytohormone modulation and nutrient uptake. In addition, endophytic bacteria can increase plant health and tolerance by antibiotic and hydrolytic enzyme production. This study aims to screen and characterize endophytic bacteria of celery as plant growth promoter agents. Thirty endophytic bacteria were isolated successfully from part of the celery plant using the spread plate and plant piece method which grew at Nutrient Agar media. Based on the characterization assay, 30 isolates may produce IAA with various concentrations of 0.21-7.18 mg/L. In addition, 3 of 30 isolates had phosphate solubilizing activity, in different indexes ranging from 0.71-1.43. Twenty-one isolates were able to grow in an N-free medium, indicating the capability of isolates to fix nitrogen qualitatively. The hydrolytic enzymes assay resulted in 14 amylolytic, 17 proteolytic, and 12 cellulolytic activities. In addition, nine of 30 isolates show multi-activity in amylase, protease, and cellulase enzyme production. Based on the screening results, there are four potential isolates (SLBg 1.2; SLBg 1.5; SLAg 1.1, and SLAg 1.5) as promising plant-growth promoters and were molecularly identified as members of the Bacillus genus. These isolates can be developed as biofertilizers for supporting the cultivation of celery plants.

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