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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) reared in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia MAIRAWITA MAIRAWITA; H. HERWINA; F. HIDAYAT; M.N. JANRA; F. DINIYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250402

Abstract

Abstract. Mairawita, Herwina H, Hidayat F, Janra MN, Diniyati F.. 2024. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) reared in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1352-1358. Vipers are widely distributed worldwide, including in the Asian region, and are currently decreasing in their natural population due to various factors. The most prominent characteristic is the exploitation of vipers for being human pets. Among other cities in West Sumatra, Padang is considerably dense with reptile hobbyists and owners who keep reptiles for their fancy, including the vipers, as this snake taxon has a colorful morphological appearance. This study aims to investigate gastrointestinal parasites in reared vipers in Padang City in terms of parasitic species inventory and their prevalence. Parasites were collected from the feces of vipers in Padang City from November to December 2021. Parasite extraction was conducted at the Animal Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. Fecal samples of reared viper species were obtained from 38 individuals (five genera and 10 species. Fecal samples were then processed with a centrifugation-float method to observe the parasites and four types of endoparasites were revealed, namely Kalicephalus spp. (38.8%), Ophidascaris spp. (33.3%), Oxyuris spp. (44.4%), and Rhabdias spp. (38.8%), in their egg stage. Gastrointestinal parasites in reared vipers in Padang City are more common as single infestation cases at 63% than mixed infestation cases at 32% and not infested only at 5%.
Growth performance and survival rate of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) with formulated feeding enriched by spinach extract AMELIA SRIWAHYUNI LUBIS; EFRIZAL EFRIZAL; SYAIFULLAH SYAIFULLAH; RUSNAM RUSNAM; NURMIATI NURMIATI; ANINDA TIFANI PUARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241121

Abstract

Abstract. Lubis AS, Efrizal, Syaifullah, Rusnam, Nurmiati, Puari AT. 2023. Growth performance and survival rate of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) with formulated feeding enriched by spinach extract. Biodiversitas 24: 6010-6016. In the context of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) aquaculture and marine conservation, assessing factors that influence growth and survival is critical. Spinach extract can be added as a feed additive to enhance the growth and survival rate of lobsters. This study aimed to analyze the effect of formulated feed enriched with spinach extract on spiny lobsters' growth and survival performance. A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications: formulated feed with spinach extract 0 mg (Feed A1), 0.4 mg (Feed A2), 0.5 mg (Feed A3), 0.6 mg (Feed A4), and 0.7 mg (Feed A5) were used. The result showed that the formulated feed enriched with spinach extract had a significant effect on absolute weight, specific growth rate, length, and width of the carapace in growth performance (P<0.05) but had no significant on the survival rate and the molting frequency (P>0.05). The best result was treatment A3, adding 0.5 g of spinach extract to lobster feed with absolute weight 39.67±6.20 g, length of carapace 0.46±0.06 cm, width of carapace 0.28±0.05 cm, specific growth rate 0.38±0.06% day-1, molting frequency 1.00±0.00 times lobster-1, and survival rate 100±0.00%. The Spinach extract of 0.5 mg was the best for the survival and growth of the lobster (Duncan's test). The chemical of the feed showed that the tested feed met the nutritional needs of lobsters with a protein content of 39.74-42.60%. However, the number of amino acids in the best test feeds was still low quantity compared to several other studies, so the growth of lobsters was still slow. Based on research results, enriched 0.5 g of spinach extract to formulated feed is the best result for increasing the growth and survival rate of lobsters.
Phytochemical analysis of Indonesian gadung mango leaf (Mangifera indica L. var. gadung) and their antibacterial activity ANI SULISTYARSI; TRI RAHAYU; CICILIA NOVI PRIMIANI; PUJIATI PUJIATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241153

Abstract

Abstract. Sulistyarsi A, Rahayu T, Primiani CN, Pujiati. 2023. Phytochemical analysis of Indonesian gadung mango leaf (Mangifera indica L. var. gadung) and their antibacterial activity. Biodiversitas 24: 6295-6304. The study was carried out to find out the secondary metabolite compounds in mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica L. var. gadung) using qualitative, quantitative, LC-MS and antibacterial activity with well diffusion method in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Research used a quantitative approach of randomized block design with variations of concentrations of 60, 80, and 100%, K- (aquadest), and K+ (chloramphenicol) in three times repeated groups. The results of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests show that mango leaf extract contains flavonoids (63408.464 mg/kg), saponins 3212.942 mg/kg), tannins (1050.191 mg/kg), alkaloids (605.123 mg/kg) and steroid (1050.191 mg/kg). Test of flavonoid derivat extract using LC-MS shows apigenin, kaempferol, fisetin, catechins, quercetin, ramnetin, astragalin, hirsutrin, isocercitrin, hyperin, rhamnetin 3-glucoside, rhamnetin 3-o-?galactopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3-galactoside, amentoflavone, routine, hyperin-6-gallate, epigallocycin (4??8) epigallocycin-3-ogalate ester. Antibacterial testing on S. aureus forms an average clear zone diameter of 30.46, 31.43, 32.81 mm furthermor in E.coli is 23.23, 23.84, 24.23 mm. Data of clear zone diameter was analyzed using ANOVA two-way and showed a value of sg. 0,001<0,05. It can be concluded that Indonesian gadung mango leaf extract contains secondary metabolites which have the potential to be an antibacterial agent.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) in the waters of Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia MUHAMMAD NUR; TENRIWARE TENRIWARE; ADIARA FIRDHITA ALAM NASYRAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241005

Abstract

Abstract. Nur M, Tenriware, Nasyrah AFA. 2023. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) in the waters of Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5253-5259. Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) is a fish species with a wide distribution and high socioeconomic value. Furthermore, it serves as a primary catch for fishermen, offering a crucial protein source to the community and generating employment opportunities in various sectors, including fresh fish sales, fish freezing, drying, and smoking industries. To maintain the sustainability of bullet tuna, it is necessary to know basic information regarding the study of length-weight relationship and condition factors because it is related to the fish growth and condition of fish in their habitats. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the growth pattern of bullet tuna, fundamental data for sustainable management efforts. The investigation was conducted from May to August 2023, and the sample fish were collected at the Fish Landing Port (PPI) Kasiwa, Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province. Analysis was conducted in the Fisheries Department Laboratory, Sulawesi Barat University. The study procedures involved determining the total length and weight of the fish using a measuring instrument and digital scale, respectively, with accuracies of 0.1 mm and 0.01 g. Based on the data collected, 302 samples were obtained, consisting of 187 males and 115 females. The results showed that the relationship between the length and weight of bullet tuna yielded the equations of W = 0.027L3.4783 for male fish, W = 0.0052L3.2732 for female fish, and W = 0.0033L3.4141 when combined. A t-test was conducted on the coefficient b, showing a calculated t-value greater than the tabulated values. It indicated that bullet tuna belongs to the negative allometric growth type (minor) (b<3), where body weight increased faster than body length. Condition factors for male and female fish ranged from 0.3186 to 1.6961 and 0.6990 to 1.5011, respectively, with averages of 0.9957 and 0.7997. It indicates that the bullet tuna fish are in good condition in Mamuju District water.
Diversity of endophytic bacteria in different tissues of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) MUSTIKA DEWI; NOOR RAHMAWATI; ALFI RUMIDATUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241057

Abstract

Abstract. Dewi M, Rahmawati N, Rumidatul A. 2023. Diversity of endophytic bacteria in different tissues of sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Biodiversitas 24: 5747-5756. Endophytes are endosymbionts, usually bacteria or fungi, that live inside plants without causing disease. Endophytes are available in all plant species and play a role in enhancing plant resistance to insects, pathogens, and herbivores, increasing host growth, nutrient uptake, and increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought. The endophyte's ability to do all that is a result of the production of biological components or secondary metabolites, which may be the result of co-evolution or genetic transfer between endophytic microorganisms and host plants. In this study, the isolation, characterization and identification of endophytic bacteria from several different plant organs of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes) was carried out using the plant piece method in nutrient agar medium, and identification of selected isolates was carried out based on 16S rRNA. 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that 31 endophytic bacterial communities were successfully isolated from various parts of the sengon tree. Bacteria isolated from the stem were 3 strains, bark 7 strains, leaves 11 strains, and galls 10 strains. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed that the endophytes on the stem were Curtobacterium citreum and C. luteum, respectively. The endophytic bacteria on the bark are C. herbarum, C. luteum, C. pusillum, C. citreum and Azotobacter chroococcum. The endophytic bacteria on the leaves are A. chroococcum, C. citreum, C. herbarum and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The endophytic bacteria in the gall are Enterobacter ludwigii, Kosakonia radicincitans, Citrobacter gizzii and Erwinia endophytica.
Short Communication: Daily activities of Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia NATALIA FITRIYANI; LAURENTIA HENRIETA PERMITA SARI PURBA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241008

Abstract

Abstract. Fitriyani N, Purba LHPS. 2023. Short Communication: Daily activities of Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5278-5282. The Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is one of the endemic primates of Java, Bali, and Lombok. The status of this species is vulnerable in their wild population; thus, the conservation effort is important to keep their existence. One of the conservation efforts is ex-situ conservation. Since this conservation is out of the animal's natural habitat, we must care about all aspects of animal welfare, including the physical and mental state, which can be observed from its behavior. This study aimed to analyze the daily activities of Javan langur living in an ex-situ conservation area named Gembira Loka Zoo. We observed and recorded the daily activity of seven individuals of Javan langur for about 250 hours, including holiday and non-holiday periods. This observation during holiday and non-holiday periods is intended to see whether there are differences in the behavior of Javan langur. The differences in number of visitors during the holiday period can reach thousands, whereas during the non-holiday period, there are only tens up to hundreds of loyal visitors per day. The result showed that the individuals spent most of their time on resting behavior (62.28% on holiday and 61.83% on non-holiday), followed by feeding (15.82% on holiday and 20.70% on non-holiday) and moving (12.01% on holiday and 12.64% on non-holiday). We analyzed the difference in their daily activities between holiday and non-holiday periods to observe the frequency of activity among those types of days. The Javan langurs showed a significant difference between those days only in social behavior (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.03). This study provides new behavioral data about the population of captive Javan langurs in Gembira Loka Zoo, which can be used as basic data for the conservation management of Javan langurs in captivity.
Physical, mechanical, and anatomical properties of 12 jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenances wood in Indonesia NELLY ANNA; ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR; SUPRIYANTO SUPRIYANTO; DEDE J. SUDRAJAT; LINA KARLINASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241107

Abstract

Abstract. Anna N, Siregar IZ, Supriyanto, Sudrajat DJ, Karlinasari L. 2023. Physical, mechanical, and anatomical properties of 12 jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenances wood in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5895-5904. Jabon is a raw wood material for paper industries and has a fast-growing ability. Comprehensive information on the fundamental qualities of wood from the 12 provenances of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) is a critical aspect of understanding their superior properties. The age of the samples at the trial was 42 months old, and the number of trees tested was 12, representing one provenance. Wood samples for physical (disk samples), mechanical, and anatomical properties were sampled at a height and length of 1.3 m and 35 cm. The logs were divided into 5 cm and 30 cm for wood samples with anatomical and mechanical properties. The physical and mechanical properties were tested according to ASTM D 4442, ASTM D 2395, and ASTM D 143 standards. The physical (density, specific gravity, and moisture content), mechanical properties (MOE and MOR), and anatomical properties (fiber length and microfibril angle) were carried out on wood from 12 provenances. Physical and anatomical properties were tested, from the pith to the outer bark. The average green wood density was 0.94 gcm-3, while the highest was obtained in the Rimbo Panti, Nusakambangan, Kapuas Tengah, and Batu Hijau provenances. The average specific gravity value from the 12 provenances of jabon was 0.46 in Batu Licin and Batu Hijau provenances; the average moisture content on oven-dry weight was 105.13%; and the highest value was in the Kuala Kencana provenance. The average MOE and MOR values were 51,039.93 kgcm-² and 488.37 kgcm-², with a dry air moisture content of 13.62%. The highest MOE and MOR values were in the Batu Licin and Gowa provenance, with MFA testing varied at 11.54°. The fiber length from the pith to the outer bark tended to increase, with an average of 1183.28 ?m. Based on the value of physical, mechanical, and anatomical properties, 12 provenances of jabon can only be used as non-structural raw materials. The Batu Hijau provenances have the highest density and specific gravity. However, the highest fiber length was found in Gowa provenance.
Spatial, seasonal variation and impacts of anthropogenic factors on insect assemblages (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Northwest Morocco HANAE EL HARCHE; SARA EL HASSOUNI; MOHAMED FADLI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241019

Abstract

Abstract., El Harche H, El Hassouni S, Fadli M. 2023. Spatial, seasonal variation and impacts of anthropogenic factors on insect assemblages (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Northwest Morocco. Biodiversitas 24: 5368-5375. Agriculture has been identified as one of the main causes of biodiversity loss due to the vast area dedicated to this activity. In Morocco, agroecosystems are becoming increasingly developed, which makes it necessary to study their impact on the local entomofauna. We studied the influence of seasonality and anthropogenic activities, including habitat type, on insect diversity in northwestern Morocco. The insects were collected between March 2019 and February 2020, covering all seasons, using three sampling techniques (sweep nets, pitfall traps, and sight hunting). Our study revealed the presence of 83 species, which were classified into 7 orders belonging to 32 families. Our findings demonstrate that insects diversity changes with the seasons, being higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. In addition, insect richness varies according to habitat type, with heterogeneous fields showing greater diversity than homogeneous ones. Research also indicates that anthropogenic pressures have had a detrimental impact on insect diversity, particularly in agricultural activities such as grazing, tillage, and the widespread use of pesticides. The results of this study are essential for the effective conservation and management of insect species worldwide. Accordingly, we make several recommendations to help preserve insect diversity and improve their survival, including reducing the massive use of pesticides and contributing to the global effort to reduce the impacts of climate change, which will not be possible without the cooperation of landowners, farmers, managers, and researchers. Therefore, we can enhance effective conservation and ensure insect species' long-term survival by fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing among these groups.
Diversity of root bacterial community associated with seven orchid species from Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia ARTINI PANGASTUTI; ARI PITOYO; ARI SUSILOWATI; RIZKA MEISARI; IRVY YULIANA; KHATSANATUL AULIA; LIANA PUTRI PUSPITASARI; RUSIANI RUSIANI; HENDRO PRASOJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241050

Abstract

Abstract. Pangastuti A, Pitoyo A, Susilowati A, Meisari R, Yuliana I, Aulia K, Puspitasari LP, Rusiani, Prasojo H. 2023. Diversity of root bacterial community associated with seven orchid species from Mount Merbabu National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5676-5684. Indonesia has a high diversity of wild orchids. One of the orchid habitats that has not been widely explored is Mount Merbabu National Park (TNGMb), Central Java, Indonesia. The dependence of orchids on specific microorganisms for survival and growth, especially during early development, has not been widely studied. Endophytes, such as bacteria, can help the host plant grow, tolerate stress, resist disease, acquire nutrients, or form symbiotic relationships. However, bacterial endophytes associated with orchids have not been extensively explored. This research examined the diversity of bacteria associated with orchid roots in Mount Merbabu National Park using a culture-independent method. Seven orchid species were sampled for root bacterial community analysis, that identified as Spathoglottis plicata, Dendrobium sagittatum, Malaxis kobi, Apendicula alba, Pholidota carnea, Dendrobium tenellum, and Bulbophyllum compressa. Bacterial diversity in all orchid roots was high, with several dominant bacterial species. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, and Actinobacteriota were the four most abundant phyla, with Proteobacteria having the highest abundance (37 to 90%) in all samples. The top ten bacteria genera were Pseudomonas, Serratia, Rhodanobacter, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Parabulkholderia, Faecalibacterium, and Muribaculaceae family that could not be identified at the genus level. Overall, 61, 42, 838, 98, 78, 973, and 1383 OTUs were unique to S. plicata, D. sagittatum, M. kobi, A. alba, P. carnea, D. tenellum, and B. compressa, respectively, whereas all seven species shared 335 OTUs. Our research suggested that environmental factors and the host plant's genetics affect the plant microbiome's composition and diversity. These elements might be essential for ecosystem function and conservation.
Podia histology and ultrastructure of tropical sea cucumber Phyllophorus sp. (Phyllophoridae) and Colochirus quadrangularis (Cucumaridae) from Madura Strait, Indonesia DWI WINARNI; SIFERA ANGGITA ERIDIANTI; LISTIJANI SUHARGO; FIRAS KHALEYLA; ISMILIANA WIRAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241051

Abstract

Abstract. Winarni D, Eridianti SA, Suhargo L, Khaleyla F, Wirawati I. 2023. Podia histology and ultrastructure of tropical sea cucumber Phyllophorus sp. (Phyllophoridae) and Colochirus quadrangularis (Cucumaridae) from Madura Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5685-5692. Phyllophorus sp. and Colochirus quadrangularis are sea cucumber species found in Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. Both species possess distinctive podia structures, which are protrusions on their body walls resembling spines. These structures serve as tube feet for movement (ventral podia) and sensory organs (dorsal papillae). This research aimed to compare the podia structures of Phyllophorus sp. and Colochirus quadrangularis. Five samples of each species were collected from the Madura Strait. Histological slides were prepared for the papillae (dorsal) and podia (ventral) on the anterior, median, and posterior body sections. Simultaneously, an examination of the ultrastructure was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Analysis revealed differences between the podia of the two species. Phyllophorus sp. papillae had semi-flat tips, were non-suckered (SFNS), and exhibited squamous to short columnar epithelia, while their tube feet had flat tips, were non-suckered, and had columnar epithelia. Papillae were denser than tube feet. Conversely, C. quadrangularis papillae were pointed and non-suckered (PNS), and tube feet were flat and non-suckered (FNS). Notably, ossicle-dense areas in C. quadrangularis papillae had a pyramidal shape. In summary, the histology and ultrastructure of podia in these species displayed significant differences, highlighting their unique characteristics. They also imply to the adaptation biology of sea cucumber in Indonesian waters.

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