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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 469   470   471   472   473 
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria EMMANUEL NNABUIKE UGBO; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; ADIANA MUTAMSARI WITANINGRUM; WIWIEK TYASNINGSIH; BERNARD NNABUIFE AGUMAH; AGATHA IFUNANYA UGBO; CHARITY CHINYERE NNABUGWU; DIVINEGIFT OLUCHI OKATA-NWALI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240965

Abstract

Abstract. Ugbo EN, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Tyasningsih W, Agumah BN, Ugbo AI, Nnabugwu CC, Okata-Nwali DO. 2023. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 24: 5207-5214. Salmonella is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that can cause serious illness in humans and animals worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance caused by microorganisms has greatly challenged veterinary and human medicine regarding disease treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry farms in Abakaliki, Nigeria. One hundred eighty samples (90 broiler feces; 90 broiler cloacal swabs) were collected from three (3) poultry farms in the Abakaliki metropolis. Samples were analyzed and identified for the presence of Salmonella isolates using standard microbiological and biochemical analysis. The antimicrobial sensitivity test of Salmonella isolates against the selected antibiotics was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results showed 61 samples (33.9 %) were positive for Salmonella. Feces and cloacal swab samples positive for Salmonella were 46.7% and 21.1%, respectively. Multidrug resistance Salmonella (MDR) strains had an overall prevalence of samples (16.2%), i.e., 7 samples of broiler feces had 7 (16.7%) and 3 samples of cloacal swab (15.8%). Thus, all the MDR Salmonella isolates were 100% resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. The multiple antibiotic-resistant indexes of the MDR were 0.51. This study indicated that broilers chicken and their products were potential sources of human salmonellosis and sources for transmitting MDR Salmonella in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Poultry farmers should use antibiotics in appropriate dosages in their poultry farms.
Antibacterial activity of mangrove plant extract of Rhizophora apiculata in inhibiting the growth of various strains of Aeromonas hydrophila DINI SISWANI MULIA; SUCI DWI RAHAYU; AMAN SUYADI; IKHSAN MUJAHID; ALIM ISNANSETYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240921

Abstract

Abstract. Mulia DS, Rahayu SD, Suyadi A, Mujahid I, Isnansetyo A. 2023. Antibacterial activity of mangrove plant extract of Rhizophora apiculata in inhibiting the growth of various strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 24: 4803-4810. Aeromoniasis is a bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Synthetic antibiotics are often used to treat this disease. However, using antibiotics for too long with excessive doses can cause side effects for the environment, fish, and other aquatic biota. One of the natural ingredients with the potential as an antimicrobial is the mangrove plant Rhizophora apiculata. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant extract R. apiculata in inhibiting the growth of various strains of A. hydrophila. The study used a completely randomized design experimental method with a factorial pattern with 3 factors (plant part, bacterial strain, and extract concentration) with 48 treatments and 3 replications. Methanol (polar) and n-hexane (non-polar) were used as extract solvents. The parts of the plant used are leaves and stems. The bacterial strains used were GPl-04, GB-01, GK-01, GJ-01, GL-01, and GL-02. The concentration of mangrove extract used was 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The inhibition zone diameter measured the antimicrobial activity using a paper disc (Kirby Bauer method). The data analysis used was the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test and qualitative descriptive. The results showed that R. apiculata methanol extract's leaves and stems contain bioactive compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, while the n-hexane extract contains terpenoids. Leaves methanol extract R. apiculata exhibited better than stems, namely the inhibition zone diameter of 2.87 mm, at a concentration of 20% against the GJ-01 bacterial strain, while the methanol extract of stem R. apiculata showed the best antimicrobial activity, namely the diameter of the inhibition zone of 2.10 mm, at a concentration of 30% against the bacterial strain GL-02. Leaves n-hexane extract R. apiculata had the best antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 10% against the bacterial strain GL-01, with an inhibition zone diameter of 2 mm. The n-hexane extract of stems R. apiculata showed antimicrobial activity at a 30% concentration of 1.23 mm in the same strain. Mangroves plant R. apiculata have bioactive compounds that can be used as natural bactericides to control A. hydrophila bacterial disease.
Examining the effectiveness of bored pile coral for coral rehabilitation NOVITA PERMATA PUTRI; MUHAMMAD RIFAT MUHARAM; ABDULRAHMAN RITONGA; CORINA DEWI RUSWANTI; DIAN ARTHEN; MUNASIK MUNASIK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250117

Abstract

Abstract. Putri NP, Muharam MR, Ritonga A, Ruswanti CD, Arthen D, Munasik. 2024. Examining the effectiveness of bored pile coral for coral rehabilitation. Biodiversitas 25: 153-161. Semut Island is located in Kiabu Village, Anambas Islands, Riau, Indonesia, and has suffered significant damage to its coral cover due to blast fishing. To address this issue, Anambas Foundation initiated a coral reef rehabilitation on Semut Island using a customized artificial reef called Bored Pile Coral (BPC), a cylindrical structure made of concrete hammered into the seabed. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of BPC by monitoring its performance. Therefore, from February 2022 to January 2023, 1,500 BPCs were deployed and attached with corals covering an area of 170 m2. We quantified five ecological indicators, i.e., coral cover, survival rate, recruitment, growth rates, and fish biomass. Results showed an increase in coral cover from 3.8% to 8%. The survival rate was 64%, and the mean monthly growth rates varied among three genera: Pocillopora sp. (0.235±0.02 month-1), Acropora sp. (0.22±0.03 month-1) and Porites sp. (0.08±0.02 month-1). The monthly mean fish biomass data showed the biomass was 427,25 Kg/Ha and increased 3,9 times since the beginning of the research. BPC's structure has been proven to act as stable media for hard corals, although the modification may be necessary to enhance structural complexity and suitability for carnivorous fish habitats.
Estimating nutrient composition and polyphenol concentration using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in tropical forages HIKMAH A. PARASTIWI; NENG SRI H. LESTARI; YULIANRI R. YANZA; VINCENT NIDERKORN; RONI RIDWAN; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241227

Abstract

Abstract. Parastiwi HA, Lestari NSH, Yanza YR, Niderkorn V, Ridwan R, Jayanegara A. 2023. Estimating nutrient composition and polyphenol concentration using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in tropical forages. Biodiversitas 24: 6652-6660. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining nutrient composition and total phenol concentration in tropical forages. A total of 48 tropical forages from 33 species were subjected to measurements using conventional methods and NIRS equipment for rapid determination. The measured variables included Dry Matter (DM), ash, Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE), Crude Fiber (CF), and Total Phenolic (TP). The values obtained from NIRS were then statistically evaluated to obtain their coefficient of determination (R2), Standard Error (SE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Each tropical forage was assessed with three scanning repetitions, where two were conducted to calibrate NIRS determination, and another was performed to validate the NIRS results. All values obtained from the measured samples using both methods in this study were statistically analyzed through Partial Least Square (PLS) regression model. The results showed that the accuracy of NIRS for estimating nutrient content and total phenolic among different tropical forages was varied. NIRS was precise and accurate for estimating crude protein and total phenolic contents of tropical forages but showed lower accuracy for estimating EE content.
Amphibian community structure in Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra, Indonesia RHAMDHON DOROJATUN TANJUNG; MIRZA DIKARI KUSRINI; ANI MARDIASTUTI; INDRA YUSTIAN; ARUM SETIAWAN; MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241244

Abstract

Abstract. Tanjung RD, Kusrini MD, Mardiastuti A, Yustian I, Setiawan A, Iqbal M. 2023. Amphibian community structure in Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6836-6843. Amphibian community structures in Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra, were investigated from Mei until July 2023. The data were obtained by Visual Encounter Survey combination with line transect. The data analyzed were Species Richness (Margalef Index), Diversity Index (H', Shannon-Wiener), Dominance (D, Simpson Index), and Evenness Index (J', Pielou) calculated using PAST 4.0 software. In addition, we also analyzed abiotic factors such as air temperature, humidity, water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved oxygen (DO). The abiotic data were included as explanatory variables in Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 12 amphibian species consisting of 11 genera and 4 families were recorded. Of them, 11 species are classified as least concern, while one species, Theloderma licin, is classified as data deficient by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community in kefir grains from different milk sources JUNI SUMARMONO; RIO JATI KUSUMA; NOVIA RAHAYU; ARI SURYA SUKARNO; PUTRI DIAN WULANSARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241011

Abstract

Abstract. Sumarmono J, Kusuma RJ, Rahayu N, Sukarno AS, Wulansari PD. 2023. Metagenomic analysis of the microbial community in kefir grains from different milk sources. Biodiversitas 24: 5302-5308. Kefir is a type of traditional fermented milk made from kefir grains. The quality of kefir grain depends on the milk medium, which impacts microbial diversity and population. This study uses metagenomic analysis to assess the microbial populations of kefir grains prepared from cow's milk and goat milk using the 16s rRNA method. The results revealed that >99% Relative Abundance (RA) of the sample's total bacteria belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and the phylum Bacteroidota, respectively. However, most of the phylum Firmicutes was found in the sample of goat milk kefir. Further investigation revealed that goat milk samples had Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus genera, while the cow milk samples contained >99% RA of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Muribaculaceae. Regarding yeast, the family Saccharomycetaceae predominated in cow's milk, while goat milk had 2% of the family Saccharomycetaceae and 97% of unassigned microorganisms. The functional analysis revealed that kefir grains from the two sources had a variety of amino acid metabolisms, secondary metabolite metabolisms, and vitamin production. This metagenomic analysis shows that the type of milk affects the diversity of the population of both bacteria and yeast. This study opens up opportunities to further investigate the potential of kefir as a functional food beverage, a source of probiotics, and an antibacterial agent property.
Assessment of the dynamic growth and potassium solubilization capability of three novel bacteria IMAM HARTONO BANGUN; BUNGA RAYA KETAREN; ASRITANARNI MUNAR; PERDINANTA SEMBIRING; NURHAJIJAH NURHAJIJAH; ANDRI ABDI; REYZA SUWANTO SITORUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250120

Abstract

Abstract. Bangun IH, Ketaren BR, Munar A, Sembiring P, Nurhajijah, Abdi A, Sitorus RS. 2024. Assessment of the dynamic growth and potassium solubilization capability of three novel bacteria. Biodiversitas 25: 177-185. Clay minerals are essential components that play a crucial role in soil cation exchangeable capacity and optimal plant growth. These components, including potassium (K), have the ability to bind with mineral crystals in the soil. Several studies have shown that K-solubilizing bacteria can facilitate the solubility of potassium, leading to optimal availability. However, the use of bacteria as biofertilizers is still limited due to challenges related to survival and growth patterns. To address these challenges, it is important to monitor the growth of the microbes and enhance their selection process to achieve effective utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the bacterial growth dynamics and potential of Burkholderia paludis IHB_01, Burkholderia cepacia IHB_02, and Paraburkholderia phymatum IHB_03 in enhancing soil cation availability on clay minerals. The results showed a common initial adaptation phase among the 3 bacterial strains, followed by distinct exponential growth patterns. Burkholderia cepacia IHB_02 had the longest exponential growth phase, showing efficient resource utilization and extended growth. The results of soil cation enhancement by these bacteria showed that there were no major changes in measured parameters, such as total K, CEC, pH, and organic carbon. Furthermore, the variation in K exchange, organic carbon, and Na exchange provided insights into their unique interactions in the soil. The non-significant impact on potassium-related parameters in this study could be attributed to the presence of antagonistic cation interactions.
Effect of different drying methods on phenolic content, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and inhibition kinetic properties of selective green leafy vegetables WAHYU HARYATI MASER; SUPATRA KARNJANAPRATUM; PASSAKORN KINGWASCHARAPONG; KARTHIKEYAN VENKATACHALAM; ALI MUHAMMED MOULA ALI; SRI CHARAN BINDU BAVISETTY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240932

Abstract

Abstract. Maser WH, Karnjanapratum S, Kingwascharapong P, Venkatachalam K, Ali AMM, Bavisetty SCB. 2023. Effect of different drying methods on phenolic content, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and inhibition kinetic properties of selective green leafy vegetables. Biodiversitas 24: 4896-4909. The present study assessed the impact of dehydration drying, oven drying, and freeze drying on Total Phenolic Content (TPC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, metal chelating, and FRAP), and the inhibition activity of a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase in selected green leafy vegetables, namely celery (Apium graveolens L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss), and spring onion (Allium cepa L.). FTIR analysis was conducted to examine the functional groups, GC-MS was utilized to characterize the compounds, and a kinetic study of a-glucosidase inhibition was undertaken to assess its inhibitory mode as an antidiabetic agent. Freeze drying exhibited the highest extraction yield (17.89% to 26.15%). However, freeze-drying showed lower drying efficiency, TPC, and bioactivities. Oven drying showed the highest bioactivities, including antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Spring onion demonstrated the highest bioactivity with dehydration drying, particularly in a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results notified that oven drying can be highly suitable for green leafy vegetables with thinner structures, facilitating an efficient drying process. On the other hand, dehydration drying is better suited for thicker green leafy vegetables with the appropriate heat pump intensity. The results for bioactivities were aligned with the observed inhibition mechanism, functional groups, and bioactive compounds in the samples analyzed via FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Therefore, selecting the drying method for a specific sample should consider its unique characteristics to ensure optimal bioactivity.
Identification and molecular detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi colonized naturally in citrus roots in nurseries YENNY SARIASIH; SITI SUBANDIYAH; SRI WIDYANINGSIH; TAHIR KHURSHID; JIANHUA MO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241150

Abstract

Abstract. Sariasih Y, Subandiyah S, Widyaningsih S, Khurshid T, Mo J. 2023. Identification and molecular detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi colonized naturally in citrus roots in nurseries. Biodiversitas 24: 6283-6290. Citrus plants heavily depend on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF), a diverse collection of fungi. The objective of this study was to investigate the root colonization, spore density, spore morphology, and molecular identification of AMF colonizing four citrus root species: Japansche Citroen (Citrus limonia Osbeck.), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni), Salam (Fortunella japonica cv. "Salam"), and Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri). AMF was identified by observing spore morphology and molecular PCR methods using the group-specific primers of Glomeromycota, AML1/AML2. Based on the morphological observation, C. limonia was found with the highest root colonization (50%), followed by F. japonica cv Salam (44%), C. reshni (38%), and C. jambhiri (36%). The highest number of AMF spores was found on C. jambhiri rhizosphere soil, which had 1,379 spores/100 g of soil with the lowest percentage of root colonization. Three mycorrhizal genera were identified, with Funneliformis (syn. Glomus) being the most dominant genus, followed by Gigaspora and Acaulospora. The sequence of PCR products confirmed the highest similarity range from 83.7-99.0% to that of Funneliformis, followed by Acaulospora at a similarity range from 83.3-99.0% and found on all of the citrus species. The similarity sequence of the PCR products to that of Gigaspora ranged between 83.3-95.0%, which was only found on C. reshni and C. jambhiri.
Characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from edible birds nests as antimicrobials potential ARI HARMAYANI; MARLINA MARLINA; ENDANG PURWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250420

Abstract

Abstract. Harmayani A, Marlina, Purwati E. 2024. Characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from edible birds nests as antimicrobials potential. Biodiversitas 25: 1521-1527. Indonesia's export commodities include Edible Bird Nests (EBN), which possess significant economic worth. EBN is a nutrient-dense functional food that offers substantial health benefits. This study assessed the antibacterial capabilities of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) extracted from EBN. This study utilized EBN sourced from three samples in West Sumatra, Indonesia, specifically in the Agam District. Use the method of experimental and collection sample EBN and identification of LAB in vitro. The isolates were examined for their morphological and biochemical characteristics. In addition, an antibacterial test was conducted along with molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene. The findings indicated that the LAB exhibited gram-positive features, with bacilli morphology. They were also catalase-negative and classified in the homofermentative category. Antimicrobial activity was seen in all three EBN samples. BK3 edible birds’ nest isolate exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes CFSN004330, with an inhibition zone diameter of 19.53 mm. It also demonstrated significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (18.71 mm), Propionibacterium acne (18.20 mm), and Escherichia coli 0157 (14.60 mm). The molecular identification using 16S rRNA revealed that the LAB obtained from the BK3 edible birds’ nest isolate had similarities with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain HBUAS6004, which possesses antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria. There was an expectation that LAB isolates derived from EBN may serve as natural antimicrobials, providing benefits to animal and human health benefits.

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