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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Carrying capacity estimation and habitat suitability of Sumatran elephant in Datuk Gedang Wildlife Corridor, Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape, Jambi, Indonesia NAUFAL FIKRI; DEDE AULIA RAHMAN; NYOTO SANTOSO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241036

Abstract

Abstract. Fikri N, Rahman DA, Santoso N. 2023. Carrying capacity estimation and habitat suitability of Sumatran elephant in Datuk Gedang Wildlife Corridor, Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape, Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5548-5557. Rapid land use changes, including deforestation and land conversion into human areas, lead to the fragmentation of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) habitat. This study aimed to assess food capacity and determine habitat suitability for Sumatra elephants in Datuk Gedang Wildlife Corridor Bukit Tigapuluh Landscape. The research was conducted from January to May 2023. Data on potential, productivity, and carrying food capacity were collected with a direct method in the field with vegetation analysis. Carrying capacity estimation is based on data on productivity, land cover area, proper use, and Sumatran elephant food needs in a day. The habitat suitability model used the present coordinate point data from the GPS collar period of January-December 2022 with eight environment variables. The data were then analyzed for the build Sumatera Elephant habitat suitability model using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm. We recorded 95 species of the potential Sumatran elephant food. The total feed productivity is 1,032,740.722 kg/ha /day and the carrying capacity is 258 elephants. There were three models of habitat suitability categories: high 4,238.66 ha (7%), medium 8,522.34 ha (14%), and low 11,130.36 ha (18%). The studied landscape can adequately accommodate the current population of Sumatran elephants depending on landscape governance (policy and spatial planning) outside conservation areas.
Physicochemical and structural composition of black rice (Oryza sativa) flour from Java, Indonesia NURHIDAJAH NURHIDAJAH; DIODE YONATA; SUFIATI BINTANAH; BOBY PRANATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250241

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhidajah, Yonata D, Bintanah S, Pranata B. 2024. Physicochemical and structural composition of black rice (Oryza sativa) flour from Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 811-818. Information regarding the characteristics of Indonesian black rice (Oryza sativa) flour from several varieties can provide a scientific base for developing its utilization. This study aimed to compare the physicochemical and structural composition of black rice varieties, namely Cempo Ireng, Melik, Sirampog, and Jeliteng from Java, Indonesia. Black rice was initially crushed to 100 mesh size. The flour's physicochemical and structural composition was then compared descriptively and the quantitative data was analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 software. As a result, significant differences were observed in starch content (68.45-71.08%), amylose content (13.99-18.49%), solubility (13.92-19.55%), swelling power (9.46-11.36%), water binding capacity (74.79-87.87%), and oil binding capacity (59.59-67.33%) of the four varieties of black rice flour. In addition, significant differences were also observed in the paste and thermal properties of various varieties. Morphological analysis shows that the flour structure has a similar shape, which is plate-shaped and contains many flakes. The relative crystallinity of Indonesian black rice flour ranges from 22.95% to 24.25%. This result reflects that all black rice flour particles have an A-type crystalline structure. All varieties of black rice flour have different physicochemical and structural compositions, except crystal structure that shows similarities (type A).
Antiviral activity of Eucheuma cottonii to control Pepper yellow leaf curl virus I GEDE RAI MAYA TEMAJA; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA; I PUTU SUDIARTA; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250430

Abstract

Abstract. Temaja IGRM, Selangga DGW, Sudiarta IP, Listhiani L. 2024. Antiviral activity of Eucheuma cottonii to control Pepper yellow leaf curl virus. Biodiversitas 25: 1615-1622. The chili pepper plant in Bali is often infected with yellow curl symptoms caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV). The virus is always present in the field and no control measure has been found effective to suppress the PYLCIV infection. Control efforts using macroalgae extract have been frequently used and are able to suppress plant virus infection, but no report on its effectiveness in suppressing PYLCIV infection. This research aimed to analyze the effect of Eucheuma cottonii Weber Bosse macroalgae extract in suppressing PYLCIV infection on chili pepper plants in Bali. The observed parameters were symptom changes, disease incidence and severity, virus confirmation by PCR, and phytochemical analysis. Chili pepper plants infected by PYLCIV before E. cottonii application showed moderate to severe symptoms, but after E. cottonii application plants turned symptomless or showed light symptoms. The PYLCIV disease incidence in chili pepper Seret and Pelita8 cultivars before application was 100%, and after application ranged from 45-55%. The PYLCIV disease severity in chili pepper Seret and Pelita 8 cultivars before application ranged between 68-72%, and after application ranged between 25-34%. PYLCV on chili pepper Seret and Pelita 8 cultivar that were treated with E. cottonii produced lighter DNA band compared to positive control (C+). Major compounds found in E. cottonii extract were propanoic acid, ethyl ester; n-propyl acetate; sec-Butyl acetate; Toluene; Bicyclo [4.2.0] octa-1, 3, 5- triene; and styrene. The E. cottonii extract was able to suppress the PYLCIV infection on chili pepper plants.
The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) as a potential source of protein and biopolymer compounds in the future YASINTA LETEK KLEDEN; LINCE MUKKUN; MELYCORIANDA HUBI NDAPAMURI; FADLAN PRAMATANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241117

Abstract

Abstract. Kleden YL, Mukkun L, Ndapamuri MH, Pamatana F. 2023. The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria Meyen) as a potential source of protein and biopolymer compounds in the future. Biodiversitas 24: 5979-5987. The migratory locust Locusta migratoria Linnaeus 1758, is an edible insect posing significant challenges to the agricultural industry in Indonesia, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) Province. However, apart from the status of the migratory locust as a highly destructive insect pest, it has great potential as a source of protein, amino acids, and other bioactive compounds. This study aimed to determine the nutritional and other bioactive characteristics of locusts. Proximate analysis was performed using SNI 01-2891-1992 to identify protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, and energy. The amino acid analysis was conducted using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). The chitin from the nymph and imago stages of the locust was obtained through a process including demineralization and deproteinization. Subsequently, the chitin was subjected to deacetylation in order to obtain chitosan. Proximate content analysis shows that locust has promising potential as a source of nutrients in order to address the nutritional problems of the population that are still a problem in Indonesia including in ENT Province. The protein content of locust ranged from 63.72 to 75.26%  dry weight. These contents are close to those of egg protein (83%), beef protein (85%), and even most plant proteins, like soybean (81%). The imago stage exhibited the highest total amino acid content, measuring 411.41 mg/100 g, with essential amino acids such as lysine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine, and tryptophae.  Imago contains chitin from 8.79 to 12.05% dry weight and chitosan from 59.3% to 71.26% by weight of chitin. The study suggests that locusts can be an alternative source of nutrition to dial with stunting in term of  their availability of protein and amino acid. Additionally, chitin and chitosan in migratory locusts are promising nutrient sources for agriculture and health applications.
Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading GRETTY FEBRIOLA SIAHAAN; MUHAMMAD ACHMAD CHOZIN; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; ARYA WIDURA RITONGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241109

Abstract

Abstract. Siahaan GF, Chozin MA, Syukur M, Ritonga AW. 2023. Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading. Biodiversitas 24: 5912-5919. The intercropping systems are important concerning the decreasing agricultural land and the increasing population. Chili could be planted as intercrops, but not all chili genotypes were adapted to low light-intensity stress. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of cayenne pepper under 50% plastic net shade conditions based on morphological and agronomic traits. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor, from January to July 2021. The genetic material consisted of ten genotypes of cayenne pepper from Capsicum annuum L. and ten from Capsicum frustescens L.. Each genotype of chili was planted with three replications, so there were 60 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of six plants planted in an area of 1.5 m2. The shade used was a plastic net shade with a 50% shading level. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that leaf area, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant had a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and broad-sense heritability (Hbs). Cluster analysis resulted in two main clusters based on twelve chili growth and agronomic characters. All chili genotypes included in Cluster 1 were C. annuum chilies. On the other hand, all the chili genotypes in Cluster 2 were C. frutescens chilies except for the G19 genotype. Cayenne pepper in Cluster 2 had a higher number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fruit diameter, pedicle length, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant than cayenne pepper in Cluster 1. The result of this study indicates that C. frutescens cayenne pepper has more potential to be planted under shading conditions and used in intercropping than C. annuum.
Effects of meliponiculture Tetragonula laeviceps on pollinator diversity and visitation rate and citrus productivity in West Java, Indonesia MUHAMAD ALDI NURDIANSYAH; Muhammad Yusuf Abduh; Agus Dana Permana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241058

Abstract

Abstract. Nurdiansyah MA, Abduh MY, Permana AD. 2023. Effects of meliponiculture Tetragonula laeviceps on pollinator diversity and visitation rate and citrus productivity in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5757-5763. Citrus reticulata var. Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) is a prominent Indonesian citrus variety, yet its global productivity is facing challenges due to decreasing diversity in pollinators. This study aimed to bolster the productivity of C. reticulata var. RGL in Bandung by introducing Tetragonula laeviceps Smith 1857 (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Simultaneously, the study explored the influence of pollinator diversity, foraging behavior, and visitation rates and compared the results with open and wind pollination. Field investigations were conducted to observe the pollination activities of T. laeviceps and eight wild pollinator species, including Apis cerana Fabricius 1793, Ceratina cognata Smith 1879, Xylocopa confusa Pérez 1901, Xylocopa latipes Drury 1773, Vespa affinis Linnaeus 1764, Dolichoderus thoracicus Smith 1860, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus 1758, and Catopsilia pyrantel Linnaeus 1758. T. laeviceps exhibited the highest relative abundance (34.87%) and an average time spent of 72.11 seconds per flower. Visitation rates were highest during noon (10:00 to 13:00) at 0.31 pollinators/hour/flower, influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. The phenological stages of C. reticulata var. RGL spanned 240 days. Fruit set, fruit weight, and estimated citrus productivity were significantly higher in T. laeviceps and open pollination compared to wind pollination. This study highlights the suitability of T. laeviceps as an effective pollinator for C. reticulata var. RGL. The findings have implications for the conservation and management of pollinator populations to ensure sustainable citrus production in the declining global diversity. 
First report of Ceratocystis fimbriata causing wilt disease of soursop in South Sumatra, Indonesia RAHMAT PRATAMA; AHMAD MUSLIM; SUWANDI SUWANDI; SUPARMAN SHK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241233

Abstract

Abstract. Pratama R, Muslim A, Suwandi S, Suparman Shk. 2023. First report of Ceratocystis fimbriata causing wilt disease of soursop in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6711-6721. Ceratocystis fungus is a well-known pathogen that frequently attacks agroforestry plants. Symptoms of canker and wilt in soursop plants (Anona muricata L.) similar to those of ceratocystis disease with 57-100% mortality were first observed in South Sumatra, Indonesia in 2021. This study aimed to describe the symptomatology of the new disease and characterize isolates of Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halst. obtained from diseased soursop plants. The identification of this pathogen involved a comprehensive polyphasic analysis, which combined morphological and molecular characteristics derived from specific genomic regions (ITS and ?-tubulin). Morphological and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all pathogen isolates were identified as C. fimbriata. All the population showed uniform morphology, comprising ITS5 and ITS7b haplotypes. The pathogenicity test indicated that C. fimbriata induced similar symptoms similar to natural symptoms, resulting in mortality rates of 50-90%. The results of pathogenicity tests of A. muricata isolates showed their high pathogenicity toward other Ceratocystis hosts plants, including Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Acacia mangium Willd. These tests resulted in the death rates of 15-50% and 75-100%, respectively, which closely resembled the pathogenicity observed on A. muricata. Both isolates of the ITS5 haplotype exhibited nearly identical pathogenicity on the three hosts, while ITS7b displayed higher aggressiveness. This is the the first report of C. fimbriata as a causal agent of wilt in soursop trees in Indonesia and worldwide, highlighting the importance of understanding this pathogen and its management to mitigate its impact on agroforestry plants.
The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants SINTA AGUSTINA; KOMANG GEDE WIRYAWAN; SRI SUHARTI; ANJA MERYANDINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250112

Abstract

Abstract. Agustina S, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S, Meryandini A. 2024. The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants. Biodiversitas 25: 107-115. Rumen microbes have an important role in the rumen. Anaerobic fungi are microbes needed in the forage digestion process in the rumen. The addition of microbes, particularly anaerobic fungi is essential to increase the digestibility of forage within rumen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in sheep rumen. The in vitro tests were carried out using the Tilley and Terry method, using elephant grass and rice straw as tested forage. Piromyces sp. (F1, and F3), Caecomyces sp. (F2, and F5), and Neocallimastix frontalis (F4) isolates from buffalo rumen were used as tested anaerobic fungi. The result showed that the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen significantly affected fiber digestibility (Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose) except lignin digestibility. The addition of N. frontalis had higher fiber digestibility which is 49.02% NDF digestibility, 42.11% ADF digestibility, 44.28% hemicellulose digestibility, and 38.60% cellulose digestibility. Furthermore, N. frontalis also significantly increased In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), In vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD), ammonium (NH3) production, total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production, and microbial population compared to Piromyces sp., and Caecomyces sp. In conclusion, anaerobic fungus type N. frontalis showed promising potential to be used as a ruminant probiotic due to its superior effect on fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population compared to Caecomyces sp. and Piromyces sp.
Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia AGUSTINA WELHELMINA DJUMA; SHERLY DEWU; NORMA TIKU KAMBUNO; AYORINCE BANUNU; OTTO SAHAT MARTUA SILAEN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250115

Abstract

Abstract. Djuma AW, Dewu S, Kambuno NT, Banunu A, Silaen OSM. 2024. Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 150-155. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern, impacting over two billion people worldwide. Among them, more than 240 million individuals develop chronic HBV infection, placing them at a high risk of developing severe liver conditions such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In 2013, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) emerged as one of the Indonesian provinces with a high incidence of hepatitis cases. Long-term therapy has proven effective in halting disease progression but may also lead to the emergence of resistant mutations. This study aims to analyze mutation patterns in the Polymerase (P) gene as indicators of viral resistance to nucleotide analogs (NUCs) in HBV patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang, a previously unreported case. The research was conducted at the Hematology-Oncology Medical Laboratory Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, RS. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Department of Internal Medicine, Jakarta. A total of 28 individual samples with positive Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were subjected to PCR sequencing, resulting in 23 positive samples. Mutation profiles were analyzed by comparing them with the reference sequence M54923. Sequencing of the Polymerase (P) gene region was successfully carried out for 14 samples. Among these, 12 (85.71%) exhibited nucleotide substitutions, while the remaining two (9.14%) did not show any mutations. The most prevalent substitution patterns in the P gene included rtQ228H, rtS127R, rtM135L, rtV243I, rtL257A, rtS127A, rtK323N, rtL326R, rtV214I, rtT312S, rtV281E, rtF290Y, rtM299I, rtQ306H, and rtK308N. No mutations associated with antiviral resistance were detected. The use of NUCs in chronic hepatitis B treatment is considered safe for patients at Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang Hospital.
Influence of seagrass traits on the diversity of endophytic fungi VENUS B. KINAMOT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250342

Abstract

Abstract. Kinamot VB. 2024. Influence of seagrass traits on the diversity of endophytic fungi. Biodiversitas 25: 1254-1263. The interest in endophytic fungi has grown recently because of their potential to enhance plant growth, tolerate stresses, and modulate phytohormone synthesis. Understanding how plants influence their endophytic fungal assemblage is vital to manipulating them for biotechnological applications. In this study, Bray-Curtis analysis determined the variation of endophytic fungal assemblage among different seagrass species. Leaf/root area, leaf/root dry matter content, leaf mass per area, leaf toughness, and specific leaf area of seagrasses were measured using a standard protocol. The Folin-Ciocalteau method was utilized to quantify the phenolic and tannin contents in seagrasses using tannic acid as standard. Canonical correspondence analysis correlated the influence of seagrass traits on endophytic fungal diversity. Results showed that endophytic fungal diversity varied with seagrass hosts in which higher similarity of the fungal assemblage was observed among the same seagrass species than in different seagrass species. The seagrass traits mediated the variation of endophytic fungi. Phenolic and tannin in seagrasses significantly influenced the diversity of endophytic fungi. An antifungal assay using the methanolic crude extract of seagrasses had 80-100% mycelial growth inhibition to the five species of endophytic fungi tested, which could be accounted for the chemicals like phenol and tannin that the seagrass hosts produce. 

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