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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 478   479   480   481   482 
Fish diversity and environmental factors at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site, Thailand RUTHAIRAT SIRIWATTANARAT; WEERAWICH WONGROJ; ARIN NGAMNIYOM; VEERA VILASRI; SIRIKANYA CHUNGTHANAWONG; PORNTEP PUNNARAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250407

Abstract

Abstract. Siriwattanarat R, Wongroj W, Ngamniyom A, Vilasri V, Chungthanawong S, Punnarak P. 2024. Fish diversity and environmental factors at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 1394-1403. The Don Hoi Lot mudflat, recognized as a Ramsar site, is a globally acclaimed wetland located in the Khlong Khon Sub-district of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. This research aims to study fish diversity and environmental variables at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site; fish samples were collected using cast nets (mesh size 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm) and gill nets (mesh size of ¾ inch, 1.5 inches, and 2 inches) by local fisheries from four sampling stations which represented upstream (KK1), midstream (KK2), downstream (KK3), and estuary (KK4) zones in Khlong Khon Bay during January to April 2023. A total of 1,389 fish specimens were collected, representing 36 species belonging to 26 families. Higher diversity in number of species (28-35 species), Shannon index (2.90-2.98), and species richness (10.40-13.11) were found at downstream and estuary stations, while the lowest number of fish species (three species), Shannon index (0.75), and species richness (0.68) were recorded at the upstream station. Similarly, the higher relative abundance of fish (84-173 specimens) was observed at downstream and estuary stations, and the lowest relative abundance (29-50 specimens) was also reported at the upstream station. The blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell 1852) was the dominant species at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site during the study periods, followed by the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters 1852)). Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that altitude, temperature, pH, salinity, transparency, ammonia, phosphate and silicate had significant relationships within fish assemblages, whereas nitrite and nitrate were less important in this study. Nonetheless, the rapid expansion of the blackchin cichlid population has had an adverse impact on native fish populations, which could pose a real threat to fish diversity and population, and other aquatic organisms.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism R25C and R25H on Leptin gene and their association with body weight and measurements of Pasundan cattle NENA HILMIA; DIKY RAMDANI; RAHMAT HIDAYAT; RINI WIDYASTUTI; IMAN HERNAMAN; DUDI DUDI; PRIMIANI EDIANINGSIH; JOHAR ARIFIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241155

Abstract

Abstract. Hilmia N, Ramdani D, Hidayat R, Widyastuti R, Hernaman I, Dudi, Edianingsih P, Arifin J. 2023. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism R25C and R25H on Leptin gene and their association with body weight and measurements of Pasundan cattle. Biodiversitas 24: 6310-6315. The Leptin gene is a potential candidate for genetic selection in livestock. Nonsynonimous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) Arg25Cys/R25C in Leptin gene associated with fat deposition mainly. This study aimed to identify polymorphism of Leptin Gene based on SNPs of Pasundan cattle and their association with body weight and measurements. This research used 64 DNA samples along with the corresponding body weight and measurement data from Pasundan cattle. About 9 and 7 DNA samples from Bali and Ongole cross (PO) cattle respectively, were also collected as comparisons. The DNA along 620 bp was multiplied by PCR. The SNPs in the Leptin gene on exon two were identified, followed by direct sequencing of the PCR product. The sequencing results were analyzed by BioEdit and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) 4.0. The General Linear Model analyzed the association between SNPs and body weight and measurements. The results showed there were two nonsynonymous SNP in the Leptin gene on exon two, i.e. g.1047C>T/Arg25Cys/R25C (T allele) that changed amino acid Arginine to Cysteine and g.1048G>A/Arg25His/R25H (A allele) which changed Arginine to Histidine. The frequency of the C allele in the Leptin gene on Pasundan cattle (0.54) was higher than mutation alleles, i.e. T ( 0.29) and A allele (0.17). There were six genotypes: CC (0.266), CT (0.390), CA (0.156), TT, TA, and AA 0.063 respectively. The Leptin gene mutation at the 25th position of amino acids, which changed Arginin to Cystein or Histidin (R25C and R25H), did not affect body weight and measurement in Pasundan Cattle. Therefore, nonsynonymous SNP R25C and R25H could not be used as marker genetic selection in Pasundan cattle.
Spatial distribution of paddy field’s heavy metals diversity contamination in Samarinda using remote sensing imagery NURUL PUSPITA PALUPI; ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI; FAHRUNSYAH FAHRUNSYAH; DWI ERMAWATI RAHAYU; RUDY AGUNG NUGROHO; SURYA DARMA; SURIA DARMA IDRIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241237

Abstract

Abstract. Palupi NP, Hardi EH, Fahrunsyah, Rahayu DE, Nugroho RA, Darma S, Idris SD. 2023. Spatial distribution of paddy field’s heavy metals diversity contamination in Samarinda using remote sensing imagery. Biodiversitas 24: 6743-6752. The adverse effects of heavy metal contamination on rice fields posing a significant threat to food safety. This study, conducted from May to July 2023 in Samarinda East Kalimantan, Indonesia, aims to determine the distribution of active rice fields and heavy metal contamination through Kriging's interpolation method. Aerial photographic interpretations, facilitated by ArcGIS 10.4, were performed with 144 sample points within 4 Districts. The content of heavy metals was assessed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at specific wavelengths: 248.3 nm for Fe, 228.8 nm for Pb, 283.3 nm for Cd, 357.9 nm for Cr, 279.5 nm for Mn, 213.9 nm for Zn, and 324.7 nm for Cu, following guidelines of SNI 8910:2021. The research showed that existing rice fields were concentrated in North Samarinda District (380,416 ha), Loa Janan Ilir District (210,133 ha), Sambutan District (404,682 ha), and Palaran District (188,617 ha) with Fe content ranged from 4.976,45 ppm to 16.800,485 ppm, exceeding the critical Fe limit in soil of 500 ppm set by SNI. Mn content ranged from 22.65 ppm to 564.88 ppm, surpassing the critical soil threshold of 0.15 ppm for Mn according to SNI. Cu content varied from 3.32 ppm to 121.75 ppm, exceeding critical Cu limit of 0.04 ppm. Zn content ranged from 8.61 ppm to 223.12 ppm, surpassing the critical limit of Zn's pollution in the soil (0.06 ppm). Pb content ranged from 10.72 ppm to 32,84 ppm, categorized as intermediate compared to the threshold of 0.07 ppm for Pb in soil. Cd content ranged from 0.04 ppm to 0.739 ppm, exceeding the critical limit of 0.01 ppm set by SNI. Cr content was detected to be less than 0.032 ppm, falling into a very low category, with the critical limit for Cr content in soil set at 0.5 ppm according to SNI.
First observations of coral spawning at the Banda Islands, Maluku, Indonesia ANDIKA NOVRIANSYAH; MAREIKE HUHN; HERDIAN WICAKSONO; BUDIONO SENEN; BEGINER SUBHAN; DOUGLAS FENNER; HAWIS MADDUPPA; P. JOANA DIAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241129

Abstract

Abstract. Novriansyah A, Huhn M, Wicaksono H, Senen B, Subhan B, Fenner D, Madduooa H, Dias PJ. 2023. First observations of coral spawning at the Banda Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6082-6091. Due to their high diversity and productivity, their socio-economic value to coastal communities and their crucial role in coastal protection, coral reefs belong to the most important marine ecosystems in the world. Understanding and protecting coral reefs has never been so important, given the unprecedented anthropogenic pressures they face. Indonesia holds 18% of the world’s coral reefs and is home to some of the richest marine biodiversity on the planet. However, with over 17,000 islands scattered across 86,700 km2, marine monitoring and conservation remains challenging. The Banda Sea (Maluku, Indonesia) ecoregion ranks as a high priority for marine conservation. The present study reports on the first observations of coral spawning at the Banda Islands from 2016 to 2019. Ad-hoc opportunistic monitoring was carried out to identify patterns of coral spawning. Our results suggest the sharpest temperature increases and full moon timing have the biggest influence on the month and day of coral spawning, whereas the tidal cycle influences the hour when gametes are released. Coral spawning peaks were observed to occur in two seasons, April and October-November, 5-7 days after full moon and 2-3 hours after sunset during falling tides. The presence of two spawning seasons may provide coral reefs at the Banda Islands with an advantage to recover from potential impacts, such as storms, bleaching or destructive fishing.
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from the petiole of sungkai plant (Peronema canescens) RIAN OKTIANSYAH; ELFITA ELFITA; HARY WIDJAJANTI; SALNI SALNI; ARUM SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241213

Abstract

Abstract. Oktiansyah R, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Salni, Setiawan A. 2023. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from the petiole of sungkai plant (Peronema canescens). Biodiversitas 24: 6516-6526. Indonesia has a diverse number of medicinal plants that are very helpful in preventing infectious diseases. Sungkai (Peronema canescens) is a medicinal plant of the family Verbenaceae that is often used and found in Indonesia. Its leaves possessed antibacterial and antioxidant properties that boost immunity and lessen the signs of infectious disorders. This study explored the types of endophytic fungi found in sungkai petioles and examined their relationship to previously reported sungkai leaf endophytic fungal isolates and spectrum of compounds contained them. Endophytic fungal were isolated from fresh leaf petioles of host plants, and their morphological and molecular characteristics were determined. Endophytic fungal extracts were tested for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Utilizing the paper disk diffusion technique, the antibacterial characteristics were ascertained, while the DPPH method was used to determine antioxidant activity. Molecular identification was carried out on the fungal isolate with the most potential, and chemical compounds were isolated using column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were determined using spectroscopy, including 1D and 2D NMR. Eight endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from sungkai leaf stalks (RA1-RA8) of various species of the genus Trichoderma. Differences in the diversity of endophytic fungi found in leaf stalks and endophytic fungi from leaves were identified. RA1 showed the strongest antibacterial and antioxidant activity and was molecularly identified as T. harzianum. Spectroscopic analysis showed that the pure compound contained within was 9-hydroxy-7-methylenebenzo[c]oxepin-3(7H)-one (1), which had never previously been found in sungkai plants and endophytic fungi. The antibacterial activity of Compound 1 is in the strong category (MIC = 64 µg/mL) but is not active as an antioxidant. In terms of producing medicinal ingredients from endophytic fungi, T. harzianum in extract form has more potential to be developed.
Lactic acid bacteria viability and antibacterial activity of Etawa goat's synbiotic fermented milk SAMSUL RIZAL; SUHARYONO SUHARYONO; ERDI SUROSO; ATRI MELATININGSIH; VIRDA AULIA SUYARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241205

Abstract

Abstract. Rizal S, Suharyono, Suroso E, Melatiningsih A, Suyarto VA. 2023. Lactic acid bacteria viability and antibacterial activity of Etawa goat's synbiotic fermented milk. Biodiversitas 24: 6440-6446. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of kepok banana peel extract and white ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Var. Amarum) on the lactic acid bacteria viability and the antibacterial activity of Etawa goat's synbiotic fermented milk. This study used two treatments and three replications. The first treatment was the concentration of kepok banana peel extract (0, 1, 2, and 3% (v/v)) and the second treatment was the concentration of white ginger extract (0, 1, 2, and 3% (v/v)). All treatments were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. The characteristics of Etawa goat’s synbiotic fermented milk was evaluated by total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total lactic acid, pH value, and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Different (LSD) at 5%. The results showed that kepok banana peel extract had a significant effect on increasing total LAB, total lactic acid, pH value, and antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, white ginger extract had no significant effect on total LAB, total lactic acid, and pH but had a significant effect on the antibacterial activity. The addition of 3% kepok banana peel extract and 3% white ginger extract produced the best Etawa goat's synbiotic fermented milk. The best treatments produced Etawa goat’s synbiotic fermented milk with a total LAB of 9.13 Log cfu/mL, a total lactic acid of 0.82%, 3.41 pH, and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium with a 16.33 mm diameter clear zone.
Bacterial diversity in cheese wastewater using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) SOLIKAH ANA ESTIKOMAH; SURANTO SURANTO; ARI SUSILOWATI; MOHAMMAD MASYKURI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250206

Abstract

Abstract. Estikomah SA, Suranto, Susilowati A, Masykuri M. 2024. Bacterial diversity in cheese wastewater using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Biodiversitas 25: 482-490. Cheese wastewater (whey) has a high content of organic substances, including lactose, protein, and fat. The lactose in whey wastewater can also be used as a bacterial growth medium. Bacterial community structure is an essential aspect of microbial water quality. The bacterial diversity data obtained can then be used to evaluate the existence of bacteria that might be useful for making microbiological products. This research employs Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to determine the diversity and abundance of bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons for further processing of whey wastewater. The NGS-based technique overcomes the limitations of conventional bacterial culture techniques. The effectiveness and accuracy of microbial diversity analysis employing NGS technology are high. The research method includes the steps of sample preparation, DNA extraction using a ZymoBIOMICS DNA Microprep Kit (D4300), PCR amplification of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene region, DNA sequencing, and a bioinformatics-statistical analysis. The results show that bacterial diversity in whey wastewater was found to have an average number of Operational Taxon Units (OTUs) of 259 tags. The metagenomics study of the microbial community in whey wastewater successfully detected the dominant genus of bacteria, which can benefit the management of whey wastewater. The presence of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter confirms that cheese whey wastewater exists in Yogyakarta Province. Acetobacter can oxidize ethanol to produce acetic acid, a pungent odor characteristic that causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, the presence of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter shows that whey wastewater can be reprocessed to produce fermented beverages, thereby improving their value and minimizing the impact of environmental pollution.
Genotypic identification and catechin profiling of Uncaria gambir in West Sumatra, Indonesia EPI SUPRI WARDI; SUMARYATI SYUKUR; ZULKARNAIN CHAIDIR; JAMSARI JAMSARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250330

Abstract

Abstract. Wardi ES, Syukur S, Chaidir Z, Jamsari J. 2024. Genotypic identification and catechin profiling of Uncaria gambir in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1151-1158. The primary objective of this study is to assess genetic and chemical variability among four genotypes of Uncaria gambir cultivated in West Sumatra. Uncaria gambir is native to Indonesia, widely cultivated in West Sumatra, used as an herbal remedy, and become a significant agricultural product for Indonesian export with catechin content as a standard. The phytochemical components of this species have been extensively studied, and its extracts are employed in traditional medicine. To fingerprint genomic DNA, we employed three pairs of Specific Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) markers selected from 29 combinations tested. A total of 150 amplified bands were generated, highlighting substantial genetic variability among the tested genotypes. Notably, the highest amplified and polymorphic band was obtained with primer E combination from three selected primers (primer E, primer F, and primer T). In addition, only catechins were identified among the four types of catechins employed as HPLC standards. We detected varying catechin concentrations among the genotypes, with genotype Mancik exhibiting the highest concentration. This finding underscores the potential for genotype-specific bioactive marker identification within U. gambir. In addition, this study shows the efficiency of SRAP markers in genotype identification within U. gambir. Furthermore, the identification of catechin as a prominent bioactive marker emphasizes its significance for further exploration and conservation efforts.
The diversity and distribution of residential termites in the Minahasa Raya Region, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia JACKLIN STELLA SALOME MANOPPO; RAMADHANI EKA PUTRA; RUDI DUNGANI; INTAN AHMAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250105

Abstract

Abstract. Manoppo JSS, Putra RE, Dungani R, Ahmad I. 2024. The diversity and distribution of residential termites in the Minahasa Raya Region, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 39-48. Termites are major pests in urban settings, particularly due to their preference for wood, despite its ecological importance leading to structural damage to buildings. Studies showed a gap in the North Sulawesi Region, Indonesia, particularly in termite distribution, control, and economic impact in residential zones. This study aimed to (i) gather preliminary data on termite species in Minahasa and North Sulawesi from the literature; (ii) locate termite colonies via house/building surveys and baiting; (iii) map the distribution of identified termite species by Geographical Information System (GIS); and (iv) record environmental characteristics relevant to termite distribution and related damages. The study revealed a diversity of residential termite species in terms of morphological characteristics and habitats. Three termite families were identified: Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae, and Kalotermitidae, encompassing five sub-families and six genera, with the most notable species being Cryptotermes brevis Walker 1853, Odontotermes javanicus Holmgren, 1912, and Nasutitermes atripennis Haviland, 1898 among others. The Cryptotermes and Odontotermes were the most commonly encountered genera in Minahasa Raya's residential areas.
Genetic diversity and proximate analysis of Indonesian local mung bean (Vigna radiata) HIGA AFZA; ENDAH RETNO PALUPI; LINA HERLINA; SATRIYAS ILYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241163

Abstract

Abstract. Afza H, Palupi ER, Herlina L, Ilyas S. 2023. Genetic diversity and proximate analysis of Indonesian local mung bean (Vigna radiata). Biodiversitas 24: 6377-6388. Mung bean is an important food crop because it has a high protein content. However, not much information is available about Indonesian local mung beans. This study aimed to obtain information about flowering and seed formation in local mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) to determine the genetic diversity of mung beans using simple sequence repeats and the protein, starch, fat, and ash content. Mung bean seeds of 15 genotypes were obtained from the Indonesian Agricultural Gene Bank collection. The experiment was arranged using a one-factor randomized complete block design. Genotypes with a low degree of non-synchrony of pod maturity (DDd) were Local Bima and Arta Koneng 01070. The highest fruit set was observed in the Madura Local accession (73.09%). The accumulated value of heat units was calculated as growing degree days; the heat units from planting to the first flowering ranged from 544.6-670°C and from planting to the first ripe pod (heatd2) and 90% ripe pod (heatd3) phases ranged from 819.7-933.7°C and 1,111.9-1,419.1°C. Phylogenetic tree construction was made based on scoring of the presence of alleles that appeared on the electrophoresis results of 12 microsatellite markers on 15 mung bean genotypes. The superior varieties, Vima1 and Walet, were separated from the other 13 local genotypes at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.583. The protein contents of the tested mung bean genotypes were 19.19%-23.06%.

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