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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Morphological variability and cluster analysis of 16 bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) genotypes MUHAMMAD FAUZAN FARID AL HAMDI; SATRIYAS ILYAS; ABDUL QADIR; SEAN MAYES
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250111

Abstract

Abstract. Hamdi MFFA, Ilyas S, Qadir A, Mayes S. 2024. Morphological variability and cluster analysis of 16 bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) genotypes. Biodiversitas 25: 97-106. Identifying morphological and germination characters in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is important to determine the advantages and disadvantages of several genotypes. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of 16 bambara groundnut genotypes based on morphological markers, NDVI score, and germination variables. This study was conducted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia in March-July 2018. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with one factor: genotype, which consisted of 16 genotypes originating from Indonesia and Africa. The NDVI score did not affect the yield produced. Tiga Nicuru, DodR-R II, M-14 Gresik, Black Sukabumi, and Black Madura were the genotypes with the highest germination speed, while LunT was the lowest. Cluster analysis showed that bambara groundnut genotypes are classified into 4 clusters. The first cluster belongs to Sumedang and Sukabumi, the second belongs to Gresik, Madura, and Tasikmalaya, the third comes from West Africa (LunT and Tiga Nicuru), and the fourth comes from East Africa (IITA 686 and DodR-R II) and Southern Africa (S 19-3, Uniswa R and Uniswa R/G). The low similarity (28%) between genotypes from Indonesia and Africa shows that there are many differences in morphological characteristics. This high diversity is beneficial for creating superior cultivars.
Biodiversity, ecology, and bionomic aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes during the dry season in southern Sumatra DALILAH DALILAH; CHAIRIL ANWAR; DIN SYAFRUDDIN; R. IRPAN PAHLEPI; IRSAN SALEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250434

Abstract

Abstract. Dalilah D, Anwar C, Syafruddin D, Saleh I, Pahlepi RI. 2024. Biodiversity, ecology, and bionomic aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes during the dry season in southern Sumatra. Biodiversitas 25: 1644-1654. South Sumatra and Lampung are western parts of Indonesia’s provinces that are endemic to malaria. This study aimed to determine Anopheles mosquitoes’ diversity, ecology, and biting behavior in both provinces. Understanding the diversity, ecology, and bionomy of Anopheles supports malaria elimination in endemic areas as well as surveillance of vectors in malaria-eliminated areas. The study was conducted during the dry season from June to July 2023. Mosquitoes were collected from southern Sumatra, Indonesia, i.e. Segara Kembang Village in Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) District, South Sumatra Province, as well as Gayau and Durian Villages in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province. Adult mosquitoes were caught by human landing, resting, and cattle bait collection, while larvae were collected with dippers in the breeding habitat. A total of 4426 mosquitoes from 8 species of Anopheles were identified based on their morphology. The diversity index of Anopheles from all sample areas during this season was low (H’<1). Anopheles barbirostris s.l. and An. vagus found in habitats such as paddy fields and former fish ponds in OKU and Pesawaran District. As for abandoned shrimp ponds in Pesawaran, An. sundaicus s.l. and An. subpictus s.l. were the dominant ones. Mosquito An. sundaicus s.l seems to have a greater tendency to bite humans, whereas An. subpictus s.l was generally zoophilic. An. vagus was always present in all collection methods in all villages, with the greatest abundance in OKU. The finding indicates An. vagus appears to be the most variable in the behavior of all captured mosquitoes; therefore, in the future, it may be able to act as a major vector if transmission is not prevented.
Distribution and ranging area of elephant in Simpan Panti Forest, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia NURUL HAZIRAH NOR HASSAN; Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah; NOR ATIQAH NORAZLIMI; Salman Saaban; MUHAMMAD FADLLI AB YAZI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241055

Abstract

Abstract. Hassan NHN, Abdullah NM, Norazlimi NA, Saaban S, Yazi MFA. 2023. Distribution and ranging area of elephant in Simpan Panti Forest, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 5731-5738. Home range estimation is one of the most used animal ecology studies using a Geographic Information System (GIS). One adult female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) was fitted with a telemetry satellite collar African Wildlife Tracking (AWT) to determine its home range size distribution through its ranging behaviour and to identify the relationship between the GPS collar location record and the area covered. The home range estimation was determined using GPS collar location data from a satellite telemetry system and analyzed by using the Minimum Convex Polygon methods. GPS collar location data were obtained from the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP). The movement of elephant data was overlayed with the land use data of the Simpan Panti Forest (Hutan Simpan Panti), Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia before being exported to ArcGIS Pro software. The ArcGIS Pro software can estimate this Asian elephant home range sizes by using the MCP method for twelve months, from 1 June 2019 until 31 May 2020. The total home range size is 447.17 km². Home range size is estimated to be 31.77 to 303.86 km² in one year. The size of this home range has presumably been impacted by extensive human activities such as highways and settlement areas. So, good and strong management is needed to control this conflict for humans to live in harmony in one area and protect the remaining forest reserve area from expanding to agricultural activity and human development areas. 
Effectiveness of potassium humate and endophytic bacteria from Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 in increasing root weight of paddy cultivation in acidic soil GUNAWAN SUTIO; ISKANDAR ISKANDAR; LILIK T. INDRIYATI; GUNAWAN DJAJAKIRANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241156

Abstract

Abstract. Sutio G, Iskandar, Indriyati LT, Djajakirana G. 2023. Effectiveness of potassium humate and endophytic bacteria from Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 in increasing root weight of paddy cultivation in acidic soil. Biodiversitas 24: 6316-6322. Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a significant factor limiting rice agricultural production in acidic soil. The availability of P in acidic soil is generally insufficient because a substantial portion of P is absorbed by Al³? and Fe²?, rendering it inaccessible to plants. This P deficiency in acidic soil hampers proper root growth. However, this limitation can be overcome by the application of potassium humate and endophytic bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizer with and without potassium humate and/or endophytic bacteria on root growth in acidic fields. The research involved two treatment factors. The first factor comprised four levels of ex-madura phosphate rock fertilizer: 100% (1), 75% (2), 50% (3), 25% (4), and no application of phosphate rock fertilizer (5) and the second factor included potassium humate (A), endophytic bacteria from Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 (B), a combination of potassium humate and S. marcescens endophytic bacteria (C), and the absence of both potassium humate and S. marcescens endophytic bacteria (D). The results revealed a positive interaction between phosphate fertilizer, the combination of potassium humate, and S. marcescens endophytic bacteria. Therefore, utilizing endophytic bacteria from S. marcescens and potassium humate could be an effective strategy for increasing root biomass in rice plants grown in acidic soil with a deficiency in available P.
Consumer perceptions of stingrays in coastal areas of Indonesia DATI NAWASTUTI; DWIDJONO HADI DARWANTO; JANGKUNG HANDOYO MULYO; SUADI SUADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241245

Abstract

Abstract. Nawastuti D, Darwanto DH, Mulyo JH, Suadi. 2023. Consumer perceptions of stingrays in coastal areas of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6844-6851. Stingray populations harvested for food may pose risks to food security and conservation goals. The purpose of this research is (i) to determine the type of fish product based on how consumers obtain the product, (ii) to determine the gender of consumers based on the type of product, and (iii) ii) to determine the type of fish product for consumption purposes. Primary data were collected from Google Forms and followed by interviews with selected households. The number of respondents was 125 people from Java Island, Timor Island, Sumba Island, Adonara Island, Lembata Island, Bangka Belitung Island and Flores Island. The information obtained was investigated using Chi-square analysis to understand consumer preferences for fish consumption using an adaptation of SPSS 25 programming. The results of the research show that there are two relationships, namely (i) the type of fish product has a significant relation to fishing, the way consumers fish, the fishery products they buy and (ii) consumer gender has a significant relationship with product type because male consumers find it easier to get stingrays by fishing so they are easier to consume individually, in groups, or to sell. A proper understanding of gender differences in stingray consumption can help determine the sustainability of stingray fisheries in a region because it can be known exactly who can access sustainable food. Although there are several types of stingrays that are protected, other types of stingrays should not be consumed. The results we obtained can be useful for increasing public awareness regarding the use of fish catching and its impact on the carrying capacity of fisheries in Indonesia.
Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia SRI HANDAYANI; IMAM WIDHIONO; DWI SUNU WIDYARTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241151

Abstract

Abstract. Handayani S, Widhiono I, Widyartini DS. 2023. Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6291-6298. Macroalgae are one of the important marine primary producers because they support the life of other organisms at a higher trophic level in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the species diversity and composition of macroalgae and its relationship with local aquatic environmental conditions. This research was conducted in Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, and consisted of Pramuka Island, Semak Daun Island, Kotok Besar Island, Karang Bongkok Island, Kongsi Island, and Pari Island as sampling sites. This research used the transect method with quadratic sampling and the data was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Dominance Index, and Evenness. Diversity parameter calculations were carried out using PAST4.0 software. The relationship between diversity and water quality was analyzed using PCA software. Across the six sampling sites, there were 41 species of macroalgae belonging to 3 divisions, namely Chlorophyta (19 species), Phaeophyta/Ochrophyta (10 species), and Rhodophyta (12 species). The species richness among islands showed that Karang Bongkok Island had the highest species with 28 species and the lowest was Semak Daun Island and Kongsi Island with only 15 species. The Diversity Index was the highest in Karang Bongkok Island with 2.679 and the lowest was in Kongsi Island with 1.907. The species with the largest number of individuals were Halimeda macroloba with 930 individuals, followed by Sargassum binderi with 648 individuals, and Corallina officinalis. with 257 individuals. The diversity of macroalgae species on the six islands is classified as moderate and can be used as an indicator of marine ecosystems. Physicochemical parameters that affect macroalgae diversity in the Seribu Islands waters are temperature, depth, currents, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Cu, and Phosphate. The finding of this study implies that despite the high pollution in Seribu Islands waters, it is still good for the growth of macroalgae.
Stand growth and carbon stocks of community-based mangrove rehabilitation in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia DWI ASTIANI; EMI ROSLINDA; TRI WIDIASTUTI; HANNA ARTUTI EKAMAWANTI; WIWIK EKYASTUTI; WAHYU DWIANTO; FARIH ALFIKRI; EUFEMIA Y. NGIDU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250701

Abstract

Abstract. Astiani D, Roslinda E, Widiastuti T, Ekamawanti HA, Ekyastuti W, Dwianto W, Alfikri F, Ngidu EY. 2024. Stand growth and carbon stocks of community-based mangrove rehabilitation in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2799-2805. The ability of tropical mangrove ecosystems to store carbon in the form of biomass is well-founded. The mangrove forest in Setapuk Besar Village, Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia has been managed by community members in response to the development of alluvial sediment land in recent years. The community's efforts in Setapuk Besar Village to rehabilitate and manage mangrove forests illustrate how essential mangrove forests are to the local ecology and should be applauded for their success. This study aims to investigate the growth and development, carbon stored and sequestered in mangrove forests planted by community in Setapuk Besar between 2015 and 2020. Field survey was conducted from July to November 2022 by mapping the sediment land that had expanded since 2015 and continued with the measurement of density and diameter of mangrove stands that were systematically planted in each planting year using sampling plot method. In addition, site factors such as pH, carbon content, nitrogen, phosphorus, CEC, and soil solution salinity were investigated. Our findings indicate that due to alluvial sedimentation, the coastline in Setapuk village is expanding by 3.3 to 4.6 ha annually, accumulating 24 ha throughout a six-year period. The mangroves planted in 2015-2016 are now thriving on the new land. The six-year-old trees diameter achieved an average of 6.80±0.13 cm, averaged 5.1 m in height, and increased from 0.45 to 2.2 cm in diameter. The total biomass (above and below-ground) of plants aged 4, 5 and 6 years was 250, 303 and 430 tons ha-1, with a potential to absorb carbon of 28-33 tons ha-1 year-1, correspondingly. Given that this mangrove area plays a crucial role in CO2 capture in nature and has a relatively high ability to absorb and store carbon, conservation efforts and best practices are necessary for this forest.
Grain quality indicators and their phenotypic variability of ancient varieties of Triticum aestivum in the mountains of Uzbekistan FARID RUZIYEV; IBROHIM DJABBAROV; SADOKAT OLIMJONOVA; ULUGBEK NIYOZOV; SIROJIDDIN UROKOV; DILAFRUZ ISHANKULOVA; UMIDJAN BAKHADIROV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241119

Abstract

Abstract. Ruziyev F, Djabbarov I, Olimjonova S, Niyozov U, Urokov S, Ishankulova D, Bakhadirov U. 2023. Grain quality indicators and their phenotypic variability of ancient varieties of Triticum aestivum in the mountains of Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 5995-6001. Today, creation of varieties of agricultural crops that are resistant to adverse environmental factors and produce stable crops under the influence of stress factors has become one of the most important issues in the world. In the following years, scientific and research work is being carried out on the wide use of the diversity of its genetic resources in the creation of new varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this regard, there are opportunities to use wild, semi-wild and ancient local forms of wheat with high protein and high gluten content to create varieties that meet modern production requirements. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the quality indicators of ancient varieties and the degree of phenotypic variation in the selection of wheat varieties that are resistant to adverse environmental factors, fertile and high-quality. This research work, aimed at researching ancient wheat varieties cultivated by the people living in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan for many years. According to the research results, the grain quality indicators (grain hardness, diameter of grains, grain quality indicators, rheological properties, etc.) of the ancient wheat varieties distributed in the mountain regions are different. According to the results of the experiment, the grain hardness of the studied ancient wheat varieties is 73-82 µm, grain diameter 2.65-2.71 mm, hectolitre of weight 818.2-838.1±8.7 g/L, vitreousness 62.2-70.3%, gluten content in grain 31.5-34.6%, sedimentation index 64.4-77.2 mL. It was also observed that the phenotypic variability of the quality indicators was different in the wheat varieties that were the object of the study. Differences in the grain quality indicators of ancient wheat varieties are explained by the different effects of climatic parameters, abiotic and biotic factors in the regions where wheat grows. The information presented in the article provides an opportunity to select ancient wheat varieties distributed in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan as starting sources for the creation of varieties with high nutritional value, resistant to adverse factors.
Heterotrigona itama workers bees homing ability as the basis for colony placement RUSDIMANSYAH RUSDIMASNYAH; KHASRAD KHASRAD; JASWANDI JASWANDI; RUSFIDRA RUSFIDRA; DELLA AULIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250616

Abstract

Abstract. Rusdimansyah R, Khasrad K, Jaswandi J, Rusfidra R, Aulia D. 2024. Heterotrigona itama workers bees homing ability as the basis for colony placement. Biodiversitas 25: 2478-2483. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Heterotrigona itama worker bees to return to the nest from various test distances. This research is an observational study using the translocation method. There were 550 individuals of H. itama worker bees from 5 colonies reared for over two years. Each worker bee sample was identified with a mark in the form of water-based paint before being released at a testing distance every 100 meters until a distance where no more worker bees returned. The camera with a macro lens is installed at the entrance to the beehive to record worker bees returning to the hive. The video recording process was carried out over 90 minutes. The parameters observed included environmental temperature and humidity, the number of worker bees returning, and the time required for worker bees to return from each test distance. The data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U-test. The research showed that the maximum distance that H. itama worker bees can travel to return to the nest was 1000 meters. However, the most effective return distance was more than 500 meters because although some worker bees can return from greater distances, the number of returns significantly decreases after passing 500 meters. Therefore, the ideal distance for placing a colony of H. itama is less than 500 meters from the source of bee food plants. The minimum distance to move a colony from the initial location to a new location is around 1100 meters.
The diversity, distribution, biomass, and conservation status of ichthyofauna of the Singkil peat swamp in Aceh Province, Indonesia NANDA MUHAMMAD RAZI; MUHAMMAD NASIR; KHALIDIN KHALIDIN; DEA SAVIRA; ISTAFAN NAJMI; MAHFUD MAHFUD; FEBRI DERMAWAN; NUR FADLI; ZAINAL A. MUCHLISIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241228

Abstract

Abstract. Razi NM, Nasir M, Khalidin K, Savira D, Najmi I, Mahfud M, Dermawan F, Fadli N, Muchlisin ZA. 2023. The diversity, distribution, biomass, and conservation status of ichthyofauna of the Singkil peat swamp in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6661-6674. The land conversion of the Singkil peat swamp into oil palm plantations poses a significant threat to the aquatic ecosystem, with potentially detrimental consequences for fish biodiversity. Several reports showed that there was no data on fish diversity in the Singkil peat swamp despite the damage occurring in the area. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the diversity, distribution, biomass, and conservation status of Ichthyofauna in the Singkil peat swamp waters. Sampling was carried out at 13 locations from July 2023 to August 2023, and the samples were caught using gill nets, casting nets, fishing rods, and traps. A total of 934 samples were collected during the sampling, belonging to 39 species, 31 genera, and 26 families. The results showed that Cyprinidae was the most dominant family, with an average diversity index of 1.23, indicating the medium category. The average dominance index was 0.42, which was placed in the low category. Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) and Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) had the highest frequency of occurrence and were found in seven locations out of 13 surveyed. Furthermore, these species were categorized as frequently found based on their availability. The average fish biomass was 288.75 kg/ha, with C. striata having the largest value. Among the 39 fish species obtained, 3 species were classified as near threatened, including Anguilla bicolor (McClelland, 1844), Mystus bimaculatus (Volz, 1904), and Kryptopterus minor (Roberts, 1989), while 1 invasive sample was recorded, namely Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in one location.

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