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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in the coastal area of Mandalika International Street Circuit, Central Lombok, Indonesia EDI MUHAMAD JAYADI; FIRMAN ALI RAHMAN; MUHAMMAD SHOHIBUL IHSAN; LENY FITRIAH; DWI AGUSTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250642

Abstract

Abstract. Jayadi EM, Rahman FA, Ihsan MS, Fitriah L, Agustini D. 2024. Structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in the coastal area of Mandalika International Street Circuit, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2719-2728. Mangrove is one of the coastal vegetation that has an ecological role as a buffer for essential areas such as the Mandalika International Street Circuit Special Economic Zone located around the coastal area of Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research, conducted with a rigorous methodology, aims to determine the current condition of the diversity of mangrove vegetation and their vegetation structure as a buffer ecosystem in the Mandalika International Street Circuit area, West Nusa Tenggara. The study utilized the quadrant transect method, a widely accepted approach, with plots measuring 2×2 m2 (seedling strata), 5×5 m2 (sapling strata), 10×10 m2 (pole strata), and 20×20 m2 (tree strata). The total number of observation plots was 49 measuring plots in a total area of the mangrove ecosystem of 38.68 ha. The research results showed that four families and five genera were found consisting of 11 species of mangroves: Avicennia alba Blume, Avicennia lanata Ridl., Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob., Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lam., Rhizophora stylosa Griffith, Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae C.F.Gaertn., Sonneratia alba Sm., Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl., and Sonneratia ovata Backer. Rhizophora apiculata is the species with the highest density in the strata of seedlings (261 individuals/ha), saplings (312 individuals/ha), poles (444 individuals/ha), and trees (160 individuals/ha); this condition is in line with the importance value index R. apiculata with the highest values in seedlings (105.21%), saplings (89.14%), poles (129.61%), and trees (119.60%). Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the mangrove ecosystem in the Mandalika International Street Circuit is in the quite good category with an even diversity value with an H' value of no less than 1 (1.425).
Using macrobenthic community structure and biotic indices to assess the ecological status of Wulan Estuary, Demak, Indonesia RETNO HARTATI; WIDIANINGSIH WIDIANINGSIH; MUHAMMAD ZAINURI; YUSLI WARDIATNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250729

Abstract

Abstract. Hartati R, Widianingsih W, Zainuri M, Wardianto Y. 2024. Using macrobenthic community structure and biotic indices to assess the ecological status of Wulan Estuary, Demak, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3073-3087. Estuaries provide critical habitats for species, and they are valued commercially, recreationally, and culturally. They also filter for sediments and pollutants from rivers before entering the ocean, providing cleaner waters for marine biota. This study presents a unique approach to assessing the ecological status of an estuary using microbenthic community structure and biotic indices with a case study of Wulan Estuary, Demak District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) community structure and biotic indices were used to assess ecological quality at eleven stations and determine the marine macrobenthic fauna's sensitivity to disturbances in two periods, i.e. August 2021 and 2022. A distinct spatial and temporal variation was evident in the macrobenthic community structure, where higher species richness and density were observed in 2022, with some species being more dominant in 2022. The trophic structure analysis showed the dominance of deposit-feeding bivalves in the fine sediments during those sampling intervals. These trophic groups, however, were dispersed less uniformly in the sandy substratum. Compared to the previous year, the density of herbivorous grazers and suspension feeders was higher in 2022. It is also shown by AMBI values that Wulan Estuary belonged to the good (slightly disturbed) to the high (undisturbed) condition, along with other biotic indices, which showed an enhanced habitat quality for benthic organisms. This result revealed the comparative ecological quality of related estuary ecosystems in Indonesia.
Isolation of Trichoderma strains from rhizospheric soil and assessment of their potential for biofertilizer from freshwater aquaculture pond sediment QUACH VAN CAO THI; TRAN HOANG NHAN; NGUYEN VIET KHANH HUNG; NGUYEN PHUONG THUY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250708

Abstract

Abstract. Thi QVC, Nhan TH, Hung NVK, Thuy NP. 2024. Isolation of Trichoderma strains from rhizospheric soil and assessment of their potential for biofertilizer from freshwater aquaculture pond sediment. Biodiversitas 25: 2866-2876. Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi found in almost all soils and can synthesize massive quantities of cellulase enzymes which can simply break down cellulose polysaccharides. Freshwater water aquaculture pond sediment has caused some environmental pollution which is required to be properly dealt with. The objective of this study was to isolate Trichoderma strains from rhizosphere soil and to evaluate their potential for biofertilizer from freshwater aquaculture pond sediments. Twenty-six strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil. The Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) degrading ability of the S25 strain was extremely strong, with a halo diameter zone measuring 8.9±3.8 cm. According to the BLAST result, there was 99.11% similarity between S25 strains and Trichoderma asperelloides, with a max score of 1011 and an E-value of 0.0. The T. asperelloides S25 was selected for bioproduct production. The use of T. asperelloides S25 bioproduct passively enhanced the efficient decomposition of organic fertilizers. After just 30 days of incubation, total organic matter content was ? 30% and material had a spongy, soft, and brown-black in color. According to the Government of Vietnam’s Decree No. 14/2019/ND-CP on fertilizer management, dated September 14, 2019, all treatments were chosen for the production of granular bio-compost. These findings highlight the potential of bioproduct T. asperelloides S25 for sustainable aquaculture practices and organic waste management.
Red berry snail Sphaerassiminea miniata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) and its potential as a bioindicator of environmental health in mangrove ecosystem of Pomalaa, Kolaka District, Indonesia MUHAMMAD FAJAR PURNAMA; SLAMET B. PRAYITNO; MAX R. MUSKANANFOLA; SURYANTI SURYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250601

Abstract

Abstract. Purnama MF, Prayitno SB, Muskananfola MR, Suryanti. 2024. Red berry snail Sphaerassiminea miniata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) and its potential as a bioindicator of environmental health in mangrove ecosystem of Pomalaa, Kolaka District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2330-2339. Sphaerassiminea miniata Habe 1942 has a high sensitivity to environmental changes in mangrove forest areas. Its existence can be confirmed when the overall condition of the mangrove ecosystem is in good condition. The aim of this research is to analyze the density and distribution of the S. miniata gastropod population in relation to the density status of mangroves in the reference site area and overburden exposure areas. This research adopted a purposive sampling method for determining research stations, a simple random sampling technique for placing stations or distributing sampling points (sub-stations), and a hand-picking method for technical sampling of S. miniata in the field. The results showed that the mangrove density at each station was very dense (3,700-6,000 trees/ha), the population density of S. miniata ranged from 8.67-38.33 ind./m2, and the distribution pattern of S. miniata at each station was clumped with a Morishita index (Id) value range of 1.28-1.34. Sphaerassiminea miniata was found at all stations in the reference site area (Totobo mangrove ecosystem). No individual was found in the area with overburden exposure (Dawi-Dawi mangrove ecosystem). Changes in the environmental tone in the Dawi-Dawi mangrove ecosystem, especially the substrate area through the input of sediment waste (overburden), which has been going on for a long time and continuously (until now), directly degrades the living space of the S. miniata population on the ground floor (benthos) of the waters. The vulnerability of this species to environmental changes makes it a limiting factor in the quality of habitat health in mangrove ecosystems (Bioindicators).
Growth performance and starch yield potential of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) from various locations in Thailand SUPAPORN IEAMKHENG; SOMTOP SANTIBENCHAKUL; SUPATTRA POONPAERDCHON; BUNNY SOEM; NAJJAPAK SOOKSAWAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251037

Abstract

Abstract. Ieamkheng S, Santibenchakul S, Poonpaerdchon S, Soem B, Sooksawat N. 2024. Growth performance and starch yield potential of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) from various locations in Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3750-3757. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is a tuberous type of medicinal that has high starch quality and good health benefits. This research studied the yield and growth characteristics of arrowroot samples from different 5 accessions in Thailand, along with their important properties for commercial use. Samples were collected from 5 field crops in Thailand: Tha Maka District, Kanchanaburi Province (Th-T-K); Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province (Th-Sy-K); Ratchaburi Province (Th-RB); Chanthaburi Province (Th-Chan), and Sa Kaeo Province (Th-SK). The growth rate and yield of Thai arrowroot at 3, 6, and 9 months after planting were evaluated and the starch was extracted and characterized. During 3 months, there was only growth with no tuber yield; at 6 months, the arrowroot from Th-Sy-K had the highest growth rate and yield. The highest yields were at 9 months after planting, with the tuber weight per clump in the range of 596-2,980 g that produced 121.8-150.8 g of starch (8-10% yield). DNA fingerprinting analysis and the molecular study indicated no variation among the 5 accessions of arrowroot, indicating the uniformity and reliability of the samples. The results of the nutritional composition, the amounts of carbohydrates and amylose in the Th-Sy-K and Th-RB samples tended to increase with plant growth. At the same time, other contents, namely moisture, and lipid, decreased. The main component of the arrowroot starch was carbohydrate (87-91%), and the 9-month starch had high viscosity and heat-resistant values. In conclusion, arrowroot starch showed potential as a novel raw material for application in the food industry and possibly in cosmetic and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Wing geometric morphometric analysis of dwarf honeybee (Apis florea) populations in Thailand SASITHON SOIPIJIT; PIYAMAS NANORK SOPALADAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251018

Abstract

Abstract. Soipijit S, Sopaladawan PN. 2024. Wing geometric morphometric analysis of dwarf honeybee (Apis florea) populations in Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3568-3575. The dwarf honeybee, Apis florea Fabricius, 1787, is native to Thailand and distributed throughout the country. It plays a vital role in agriculture and the environment as an excellent pollinator of crops and economic plants in Thailand. Deforestation and insecticide usage have decreased populations of A. florea. There is a need for more information about the diversity of this species in Thailand, particularly its morphological diversity. This study aimed to determine variation among A. florea populations in Thailand based on geometric morphometrics of right forewings. Samples of adult A. florea worker were collected from 81 colonies across Thailand. Forewing shape variation was examined based on 19 landmark coordinates. The results revealed that landmark number 15 had the highest variance, followed by landmark numbers 14 and 16 with the S2=0.00004646, 0.00004436, and 0.00004024, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that A. florea populations were distributed as one group, consistent with discriminant and cluster analyses. In addition, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA, ?=0.05) was not significantly different among populations. In summary, A. florea in Thailand had less morphological diversity than Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 and Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758. This exciting information provides valuable insight for conserving A. florea in Thailand.
Estimating oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) production potential using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle CHARLOQ CHARLOQ; ACHMAD SIDDIK THOHA; ABU YAZID; AGUNG MUAMMAR SIDIQ; OPPIE APRILIA LUBIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250919

Abstract

Abstract. Charloq, Thoha AS, Yazid A, Sidiq AM, Lubis OA. 2024. Estimating oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) production potential using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Biodiversitas 25: 2981-2989. The vast expanse of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations utilized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, identified as a suitable tool for mapping the health condition and production potential of oil palm plants. A plant census was conducted to confirm the correct number of plants, utilizing GPS to record each plant's coordinates, assess its health status, and estimate its production potential. This study aimed to estimate oil palm production potential with maximum accuracy using drone technology over a 22.23-hectare plantation. The research method involved drone based mapping of plant numbers and health, thereby estimating the potential production of oil palm. Orthomosaic data processed using Oil Palm Analysis (OPA) software were analyzed and compared with field survey data (plant census) through the Student t test with ? = 5%. In conclusion, from the study of drone/UAV technology based estimation of oil palm (E. guineensis) production potential in the field on an area of 22.23 ha at PT. Eastern Indonesia Bukit Maradja Estate, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, it can be concluded that the use of drone technology for oil palm production estimation through OPA is highly effective, with no significant discrepancies between drone results and traditional field census methods. This consistency confirms that UAVs are a reliable tool for assessing the production potential of oil palm plantations.
A first investigation on tricolor langur (Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger) exhibits significant terrestrial activity in their natural habitat SUTOPO SUTOPO; NYOTO SANTOSO; ANI MARDIASTUTI; YENI ARYATI MULYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250814

Abstract

cruciger) exhibits significant terrestrial activity in their natural habitat. Biodiversitas 24: 3431-3440. Until now, it has only been reported that the tricolor langur (Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger Thomas 1892) is a semi-terrestrial primate, but there has never been any proof from their natural habitat that they actually engage in ground-level activities. This research aims to investigate terrestrial daily activity and the daily time budget for the tricolor langur. To determine the duration and type of their natural behaviors, observations using camera traps. This research was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 in the lowland forest around the foot of Semujan Hill, which is part of the Danau Sentarum National Park Area, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results of observations using camera traps showed that the one group langurs engaged in terrestrial activities for 5,830 seconds and arboreal activities in the tree canopy for 15,160 seconds. The percentage of total time recorded by the camera traps indicates that terrestrial activity accounts for only 34% of the total recorded time. The most dominant activities during both terrestrial and arboreal activities were eating and locomotion, with the rest being grooming, resting, and playing. The findings of this research contribute to our understanding of primate behavior, highlight effective methods for observing primates in their natural habitat, especially the Presbytis group and raise awareness among park managers and local communities. It is important that langurs are not disturbed during their terrestrial activities to ensure their continued presence and population growth in the study area.
The growth performance of Kandelia candel hypocotyl cuttings seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia LEFDI AGUNG NUGRAHA; CECEP KUSMANA; ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI HARTOYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250841

Abstract

Abstract. Nugraha LA, Kusmana C, Hartoyo APP. 2024. The growth performance of Kandelia candel hypocotyl cuttings seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2683-2695. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce is one of the mangrove species threatened with extinction and continues to decline in number yearly in Indonesia. Effective and efficient propagation techniques are urgently needed to reduce the risk of extinction and accelerate the rehabilitation of this mangrove species. This study aimed to analyze the growth performance of K. candel hypocotyl cuttings and determine the best combination treatments. The type of this study was experimentally carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design was a completely randomized three-factor factorial design with three factors and three replications for each factor: hypocotyl cuttings, planting media, and growth regulators. Based on the variance test resulted in the interaction between the hypocotyl cutting, planting media, and plant growth regulator had a significant effect on seedling height, number of leaves, total weight biomass, sturdiness quotient, and Dickson Quality Index at the 5% test level. The experiment was a success, with all combinations of treatments showing a survival rate of 100%. The best growth of hypocotyl cuttings was found by combining the bottom part of hypocotyl, mud + sand planting media, and a plant growth regulator of 15,000 ppm. The hypocotyl-cutting method can be an alternative method to provide quality seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation activities.
Analysis of heat-shock protein genes and their expression in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SU-KC1a CLARA MEIRINZHA PANG JULYANTO; ROBIN DOSAN; HANS VICTOR; MARCELIA SUGATA; TJIE JAN TAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250618

Abstract

Abstract. Julyanto CMP, Dosan R, Victor H, Sugata M, Tan TJ. 2024. Analysis of heat?shock protein genes and their expression in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SU-KC1a. Biodiversitas 25: 2494-2499. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is lactic acid bacteria commonly used as probiotics. Throughout the manufacturing and processing stages for incorporation into functional food products, probiotics encounter different stress conditions, including heat stress, which can affect their viability. In this study, the ability of L. plantarum SU-KC1a to withstand heat stress conditions was assessed by measuring cell viability after incubation at 37, 42, 47, and 52? for one hour. Additionally, the growth of SU-KC1a in liquid cultures under various high temperatures was monitored hourly for three hours. Total RNA was extracted from each culture, converted into cDNA, and amplified using hsp3 gene-specific primers. The results indicated a slower growth rate of SU-KC1a at higher temperatures, with 42? as the maximum temperature supporting growth. Visualization of hsp3 amplicon showed increased intensity following incubation at higher temperatures, indicating upregulation of hsp3 gene expression. To identify the presence of heat stress-related genes, whole genome sequence annotation data of SU-KC1a was compared to that of L. plantarum SK151, F75, and WCFS1. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was found to possess two systems involved in protein repair in response to heat stress damage: chaperone and protease. In summary, L. plantarum SU-KC1a harbors heat shock protein genes, and their expression is upregulated following exposure to high temperatures.

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