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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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The fibrinolytic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolates from salt-fermented shrimp paste terasi REINHARD PINONTOAN; SANNIA CITY; ANASTHASIA NATHANIA WIDJAJA; JONATHAN SUCIONO PURNOMO; DIKSON DIKSON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250740

Abstract

Abstract. Pinontoan R, City S, Widjaja AN, Purnomo JS, Dikson. 2024. The fibrinolytic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolates from salt-fermented shrimp paste terasi. Biodiversitas 25: 3193-3199. Thrombosis, a major pathology in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), significantly contributes to global mortality. Although medicinal prevention and management of recurrent thromboses do exist, alternative means using natural sources are actively sought because of their lower costs, better compatibility, and lower risks of side effects. Due to their beneficial microorganisms, fermented foods offer a potential thrombolytic source for managing CVDs. In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify bacteria with thrombolytic activity from fermented shrimp paste terasi. Potential protease-producing bacteria from terasi were determined via cell and colony morphology, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequence analyses. Subsequently, the thrombolytic and fibrinolytic activities of the bacteria were assessed by performing whole-blood clot tests and fibrin degradation assays; two protease-producing bacteria, designated as TJU5 and TMAD4 isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The isolates demonstrated thrombolytic activity by significantly reducing whole-blood clot mass after 2 h of incubation. The thrombolytic mechanism involves fibrinolysis indicated by the rapid degradation of A?, B?, and ? fibrin chains observed within 1 min of incubation. These findings highlight the beneficial bacteria from fermented shrimp paste terasi, identified as B. amyloliquefaciens TJU5 and TMAD4, with high thrombolytic and fibrinolytic activities, underscoring their potential role in bolstering cardiovascular health.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of Ulva reticulata seaweed extracted with different solvents EMRIS FERDINAND KALE DJOH; FIRAT MEIYASA; SURYANINGSIH NDAHAWALI; NURBETY TARIGAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250914

Abstract

Abstract. Djoh EFK, Meiyasa F, Ndahawali S, Tarigan N. 2024. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of Ulva reticulata seaweed extracted with different solvents. Biodiversitas 25: 2943-2949. Ulva reticulata Forsskal, 1775 is a green seaweed that has the potential to be developed in food, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals; thus, studying the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is necessary. Ulva reticulata samples were obtained from the waters of Hambuang, Haharu Sub-district, East Sumba Island, dried in the sun for three days, and floured for chemical composition analysis. In addition, water quality was tested regarding pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and temperature in the Hambuang Waters. Ulva reticulata simplisia was extracted with three different solvents, namely methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform, and then tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884 and Escherichia coli E and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the water quality of Hambuang was relatively good according to SNI standards with a pH value of 7.52, DO of 6.23 mg/L, and temperature of 31.30°C. Furthermore, the chemical composition of U. reticulata had a moisture content of 12.31%, ash of 23.32%, lipid of 3.04%, protein of 12.93%, and carbohydrate of 48.40%. The antioxidant activity of U. reticulata extract with methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvents were 235.31, 174.72, and 146.14 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, U. reticulata extract with methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvents had antimicrobial activity against S. aureus of 39.59, 33.81, 14.94 mm, and E. coli of 15.94, 17.93, 12.69 mm, respectively. Therefore, U. reticulata has the potential to be used as an ingredient in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries applications.
Short Communication: Medicinal plants traditionally used to treat hypertension in Babane Village, Bengkayang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia RUQIAH GANDA PUTRI PANJAITAN; YOUVA KRISTI; BUDI IRAWAN; LIZA MD SALLEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250734

Abstract

Abstract. Panjaitan RGP, Kristi Y, Irawan B, Salleh LM. 2024. Short Communication: Medicinal plants traditionally used to treat hypertension in Babane Village, Bengkayang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3121-3129. One of the non-pharmacological treatments to treat hypertension is by herbal therapy using medicinal plants. This study aims to document medicinal plants to treat hypertension by the people of Babane Village, Bengkayang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews and observations to informants selected using a purposive sampling method including traditional healers. This research documented 26 species of medicinal plants used traditionally as antihypertensives by the people in Babane Village consisting of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Ixora coccinea Comm. ex Lam., Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., Allium sativum L., Averrhoa carambola L., Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb., Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook.fil. & Thomson, Andrographis paniculata (Burm.fil.) Nees, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Physalis angulata L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Ricinus communis L., Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., Morinda citrifolia L., Phyllanthus niruri L., Annona muricata L., Eurycoma longifolia Jack, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav., Passiflora foetida L., Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Melastoma malabathricum L., Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Cucumis sativus L., Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. The leaves are the most commonly used part of the plant because of their antihypertensive properties while boiling is the most common processing technique.
Short Communication: Candida sp. isolated from mangrove soils for biological decolorization of textile reactive dyes PARIMA BOONTANOM; AIYA CHANTARASIRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250630

Abstract

Abstract. Boontanom P, Chantarasiri A. 2024. Short communication: Candida sp. isolated from mangrove soils for biological decolorization of textile reactive dyes. Biodiversitas 25: 2595-2602. Effluent discharge from dye-related industries is a significant environmental pollution problem and a concern for human health. Dyes have harmful effects on aquatic organisms due to their toxic properties. One possible solution is using microorganisms for the biological decolorization of textile reactive dyes as an eco-friendly and potentially lucrative alternative to physicochemical processes. Therefore, this study isolated an effective dye-decolorizing yeast from mangrove soil samples in Thailand and investigated the decolorization efficiency of eight textile reactive dyes under experimental conditions. Yeasts have several advantages over other bacteria and fungi for the biological decolorization of textile reactive dyes, but the number of dye-decolorizing yeasts discovered in mangrove soils remains scarce. The most effective dye-decolorizing yeast, isolate RY21703, showed Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) decolorization of 37.50±0.07% within 72 h of incubation. This yeast isolate was genetically and phylogenetically identified as Candida sp. strain RY21703 and produced 0.97±0.08 U/mL of crude laccase activity, an essential enzyme in dye decolorization mechanisms. Candida sp. strain RY21703 showed strong decolorization efficiency after 72 h of incubation in all azo-reactive dyes, ranging from 27.32±3.34% (CI Reactive Orange 122) to 61.45±1.43% (CI Reactive Green 19). This strain also decolorized phthalocyanine reactive dye (CI Reactive Blue 21) by 60.71%. Findings suggested that this mangrove yeast can be used for the biological decolorization of dyeing wastewater.
Species diversity and spatial distribution of bats in Butuan City, Philippines PAUL JOHN B. PASTOR; CHRISTIAN GUILLEMORE O. SUSI; JEDIDIAH JARA QUIDET; JUVY IMEE A. LADESMA; LEONARDO A. ESTAÑO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250853

Abstract

Abstract. Pastor PJB, Susi CGO, Quidet JJ, Ladesma JIA, Estaño LA. 2024. Species diversity and spatial distribution of bats in Butuan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 2791-2799. Southeast Asia's mammalian biodiversity is exceptional in the Philippines, especially on Mindanao Island, where 53 bat species have been documented. While prior studies in the Caraga region identified vulnerable and endemic bat species, research on diversity and conservation in Butuan City remains limited. Bat biodiversity is essential in the country, and understanding Butuan City's bat populations is critical for conservation.  This study recorded a total of 2,583 bats belonging to the family Pteropodidae with species Ptenochirus jagori Peters 1861, Ptenochirus minor Yoshiyuki 1979, Macroglossus minimus E.Geoffroy 1810, Cynopterus brachyotis Müller 1838, Rousettous amplexicaudatus E.Geoffroy 1810, as well as Scotophilus kuhlii Leach 1821 belonging to the family Vespertillionidae. Across six sampling sites, moderate species richness of Pteropodidae bats was observed (Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index, H' 1.13-1.47). However, analyses of evenness and dominance revealed variations in community structure. Barangay De Oro displayed the most balanced abundance, while other sites likely harbored a dominant species, potentially C. brachyotis or P. jagori. Bray-Curtis Similarity results corroborated these findings, grouping sites based on shared assemblages. Moreover, the significance of Butuan City for bat conservation is emphasized by the capture of a substantial proportion of a Philippine endemic (38.37%, P. jagori) and a Mindanao endemic (3.99%, P. minor). Distribution patterns across the sampled barangays suggested habitat specialization, with some species exhibiting preferences for specific features. Notably, S. kuhlii was captured exclusively in Ampayon. These findings highlight the need for multifaceted conservation strategies. Protecting core habitat areas within Bilay, Maguinda, and Sumile of Butuan, particularly for endemic species, is crucial.
Strengthening village forest management strategies in East Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia MUHAMMAD REZA SETIAWAN; DODIK RIDHO NURROCHMAT; HANDIAN PURWAWANGSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250716

Abstract

Abstract. Setiawan MR, Nurrochmat DR, Purwawangsa H. 2024. Strengthening village forest management strategies in East Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2945-2959. The livelihoods of village communities in East Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, are intricately linked to managing forest resources for production, protection, and conservation. A key form of this community-based forest management is the Village Forest, a unique concept that encircles the forest. This study is particularly important as it evaluates the institutional conditions of Ueesi Village Forest management, Ueesi Sub-district, East Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. It also proposes alternative strategies and strategic priorities for strengthening village forest institutions, strategies that are not just beneficial but also urgently needed for the sustainability of the communities. The study's findings underscore the need for the active participation of all stakeholders in this process. The study employed a qualitative approach and structured interviews with stakeholders or critical informants involved in the Ueesi Village Forest management. Technical analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) were used to identify the necessary management strategies. The study reveals that the most suitable strategy for strengthening village forest management institutions for Ueesi Village is a turn-around (WO) strategy, which leverages all external opportunities to address internal weaknesses. The main strategic priority is to create role models who can mobilize and encourage administrators of village forest management institutions and community members to actively participate in the Ueesi Village Forest's management actively, fostering a sense of shared responsibility. The low knowledge and capacity of village forest Management Institutions (LPHD) administrators and members and the lack of systematic government support are the reasons why LPHD Ueesi is not yet optimal. In addition to government support, support is also needed from NGOs, universities, and the business sector (BUMD and private). Therefore, it is crucial to design a strategy to strengthen appropriate management institutions to support the management of the Ueesi Village Forest, with the active involvement of all stakeholders.
Mangrove land cover changes in North Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia analyzed using Landsat 8 images TRI WIDIASTUTI; DWI ASTIANI; EMI ROSLINDA; WIWIK EKYASTUTI; HANNA ARTUTI EKAMAWANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250938

Abstract

Abstract. Widiastuti T, Astiani D, Roslinda E, Ekyastuti W, Ekamawanti HA. 2024. Mangrove land cover changes in North Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia analyzed using Landsat 8 images. Biodiversitas 25: 3160-3167. North Singkawang District, located within Singkawang City in West Kalimantan Province, is a coastal area with significant potential for mangrove forests. Recently, the district has experienced considerable land use changes, including the conversion of land for settlements, fish ponds, agricultural purposes, and coastal abrasion at various locations. To support the sustainability of mangrove forests, it is crucial to gather data on the area and distribution of these forests. This study aimed to investigate changes in the area and distribution of mangrove forests within this district. A survey method was employed for this investigation. Mangrove vegetation was assessed using visual interpretation of Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS images from 2016, 2019, and 2022. The Geographic Information System (GIS) application, specifically ArcGIS 10.8 software, was utilized to create maps and analyze land cover changes. The total area of mangrove forest was 514.95 hectares. Land cover in the North Singkawang mangrove forest area, in 2016, 2019, and 2022, consisted of mangrove forests, community crop areas, fish ponds, and open fields. Between 2016 and 2019, open fields (45.81 hectares) and community crop areas (9.84 hectares) were converted into mangrove forests through reforestation. During the same period, deforestation occurred as natural mangrove forests were converted into community crop areas (36.49 hectares), and open fields were transformed into community crop areas (0.03 hectares). From 2019 to 2022, community crop areas (6.93 hectares) were converted into mangrove forests, while deforestation resulted in the conversion of mangrove forests to open fields (15.37 hectares). From 2016 to 2022, mangrove forest cover increased by 10.72 hectares, community crop areas expanded by 19.74 hectares, the area of fish ponds remained unchanged, and open fields decreased by 30.46 hectares. The increase in mangrove forest cover was attributed to natural regrowth and reforestation activities, while the reduction in mangrove forests was primarily driven by anthropogenic activities, particularly the conversion of mangrove forests for crop production.
The dynamics of deciduous dipterocarp forest in relation to climate variability in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand CHATPIMUK YATAR; SATHID THINKAMPHEANG; SARAWOOD SUNGKAEW; CHONGRAK WACHRINRAT; LAMTHAI ASANOK; TORLARP KAMYO; SUTHEERA HERMHUK; PANIDA KACHINA; JAKKAPONG THONGSAWI; WONGSATORN PHUMPHUANG; ARERUT YARNVUDHI; SURACHIT WAENGSOTHORN; SOMBOON CHEYSAWAT; DOKRAK MAROD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250730

Abstract

Abstract. Yatar C, Thinkampheang S, Sungkaew S, Wachrinrat C, Asanok L, Kamyo T, Hermhuk S, Kachina P, Thongsawi J, Phumphuang W, Yarnvudhi A, Waengsothorn S, Cheysawat S, Marod D. 2024. The dynamics of deciduous dipterocarp forest in relation to climate variability in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3088-3098. Climate change is a major environmental problem influencing forest dynamics. To clarify tropical seasonal forest dynamics under climate change, we conducted long-term monitoring of all trees with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ?4.5 cm within a 1-ha permanent plot established in 2004 in a deciduous dipterocarp forest in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve (SBR), Northeastern Thailand. Surveys of all trees within the plot with DBH ?2 cm were conducted in 2008, 2015, and 2019. Climate data were obtained from the SBR climate station during 2004-2019 and used to extract dates with drought and wet conditions. Forest dynamics varied among species and periods, with stem density exhibiting a decreasing trend. Despite prolonged drought conditions from 2004 to 2009, which usually leads to increased mortality rates, the recruitment rate was 7-fold higher than the mortality rate at a site protected from fire during 2004-2008, and most of the recruited species were pioneer species, shrubs, and small trees. A contrasting trend was observed during 2015-2019, with a mortality rate almost 10-fold higher than the recruitment rate, indicating a significant ecological disturbance, likely to have been driven by a severe El Niño event during 2015-2016. Thus, climate induced disturbances (i.e., drought and fire) appear to have inhibited tree regeneration in the deciduous dipterocarp forest, particularly when they occurred in combination and for specific timing and intensity levels. Addressing the challenges posed by drought and fire to tree regeneration requires holistic management approaches that consider both ecological and climatic factors. Monitoring and adaptive management are also essential to mitigate the impact of future disturbances and support the long-term viability of forest ecosystems.
Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity EKA SARI; DYAH AYU SURYA WARDHANI; VIVI AGUSTINA; AGUSSALIM AGUSSALIM; LUTHFI HAKIM; RIKA WULANDARI; NENDYO ADHI WIBOWO; LEE SUAN CHUA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250707

Abstract

Abstract. Sari E, Wardhani DAS, Agustina V, Agussalim, Hakim L, Wulandari R, Wibowo NA, Chua LS. 2024. Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2857-2865. Stingless bee produces honey, propolis, and bee bread. Bee bread is known to have a high antioxidant. This study uses a spray dryer and its antioxidant activity, phytochemical, and bioactive compounds; therefore, it aims to encapsulate bee bread from Heterotrigona itama Cockerell 1918. The encapsulation of bee bread used several encapsulants, such as starch, lactose, and maltodextrin, in several formulas. The physical characterization was performed by analysis of hygroscopic properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and DPPH antioxidant. The results showed that bee bread contains bioactive compounds, such as saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, quinones, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and ninhydrin. The best encapsulant was a combination of starch and lactose with the formula 50:50 (% w/w), which has low hygroscopic properties. SEM analysis shows that bee bread does not bond well with filler at a 10.817 to 20.244 µm diameter. XRD analysis obtained a product crystallinity level of 71.0819%. FTIR analysis shows that bee bread has the most complex functional group, which was characterized by the presence of a wave at the point of 1,115.68 cm-1, which indicates the presence of a group (C?O?C) that shows the spectrum of flavonoid group compounds with antioxidant activity of 588.402 ppm.
Growth and production of secondary metabolites in the callus of Bima Brebes shallot varieties NOOR AINI HABIBAH; ARI YUNIASTUTI; R. SUSANTI; LISDIANA LISDIANA; DEWI MUSTIKANINGTYAS; ANANDA LUTFIAH; SISKA NA'ILIL AULIA; TAQQIYA RABBANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250855

Abstract

Abstract. Habibah NA, Yuniastuti A, Susanti R, Lisdiana, Mustikaningtyas D, Lutfiah A, Aulia SN, Rabbani T. 2024. Growth and production of secondary metabolites in the callus of Bima Brebes shallot varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2811-2820. Shallots contain bioactive compounds that can be produced through callus culture. This study investigates the effects of growth regulators 2,4-D, picloram, and kinetin on the growth and production of secondary metabolites in shallot bulb callus. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors was used in the experiment. The first factor was the concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm) and picloram (0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm). The second factor was kinetin concentrations (0, 0.25, and 0.5 ppm). The parameters evaluated were callus fresh weight, callus dry weight, percentage of callus formation, callus induction time, callus morphology, phytochemical components, and antioxidant activity. The optimal growth medium is crucial for developing growth curves. Bioactive compounds were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results indicated that explants grown on a medium combining picloram and kinetin exhibited better growth than those grown on a 2,4-D and kinetin combination. The callus colors varied from white to yellowish-white, yellow, and brownish-yellow, with a crumbly texture. Callus from all treatments contained bioactive compounds indicated by antioxidant activity, flavonoid content, and total phenolics. LC-MS analysis identified 87 types of secondary metabolite compounds. Callus treated with picloram and kinetin consistently produced flavonoids and phenolics and exhibited antioxidant activity.

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