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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Diversity of Diptera in mixed-used agroforestry area of Tun Razak Agricultural Research Centre, Pahang, Malaysia PUTERI RAIHANA MEGAT SAHRIR; MUZAMIL MUSTAFFA; NUR AMALINA MOHD IZAM; DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR; SITI KHAIRIYAH MOHD HATTA; NUR ATHIRAH ABDULLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251019

Abstract

Abstract. Sahrir PRM, Mustaffa MB, Izam NAM, Nasir DM, Hatta SKM, Abdullah NA. 2024. Diversity of Diptera in mixed-used agroforestry area of Tun Razak Agricultural Research Centre, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3576-3584. The order Diptera, comprising flies, mosquitoes, midges, and gnats, plays a significant role in the agricultural ecosystem as pests and pollinators. With agricultural activities posing a threat to insect populations globally, there is a need for studies on the potential of managed agroecosystems as habitats for this order. This study provides preliminary information on Diptera diversity in a mixed-used agroforestry area at the Tun Razak Agricultural Research Centre (Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak/PPPTR), Pahang, Malaysia. The diversity assessment was conducted using malaise traps in various areas within the PPPTR, including a small forest fragment, a rubber plantation, an oil palm plantation, and an orchard, over two weeks in February and March 2023 yielded promising results. A total of 1,077 individuals representing 17 families, 36 genera, and 82 morphospecies of Diptera were collected during the research. The most abundant family recorded was Dolichopodidae, with 429 individuals, followed by Phoridae (140 individuals) and Calliphoridae (130 individuals). Notably, rubber plantations exhibited the highest diversity of Diptera (H'=3.228), while forest fragments showed the lowest diversity (H'=2.745), as indicated by the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. These findings highlight the potential of managed agroforestry areas as crucial Diptera conservation habitats, instilling hope and optimism in the scientific community.
Satellite remote sensing techniques for mapping and estimating mangrove carbon stocks in the small island of Gili Meno, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia I WAYAN GEDE ASTAWA KARANG; I WAYAN NUARSA; I GEDE HENDRAWAN; NI MADE NIA BUNGA SURYA DEWI; PUTU KUMARA YASA; I MADE DWITA KRISNANDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250941

Abstract

Abstract. Karang IWGA, Nuarsa IW, Hendrawan IG, Dewi NMNBS, Yasa PK, Krisnanda IMD. 2024. Satellite remote sensing techniques for mapping and estimating mangrove carbon stocks in the small island of Gili Meno, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3189-3200. Estimating mangrove carbon stocks is crucial for effective conservation and management but presents challenging, particularly on small islands. Satellite remote sensing offers a powerful tool for assessing mangrove ecosystems, though its application in small island environments remains underutilized. This study aims to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of satellite remote sensing techniques, specifically using Sentinel-2, for mapping and estimating mangrove carbon stocks on the small island of Gili Meno, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The Random Forest technique was employed to distinguish between mangrove and non-mangrove areas by analyzing multiple parameters. Additionally, a semi-empirical method was used to evaluate and map the Above Ground Carbon (AGC) of mangroves, with general allometric equations applied to calculate AGC values. Six vegetation indices were assessed to develop a model for estimating mangrove AGC using linear regression equations. The accuracy of the model predictions was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error. The study identified that the mangrove forest area in Gili Meno covers approximately 6.88 ha. Notably, the research revealed that the IRECI model, with an R² value of 0.76 and RMSE of 17.14 ton/ha, was the most effective for AGC estimation when utilizing red edge bands.
Land cover change and ethnoecological practices in Forest Management Unit XXV, North Sumatra, Indonesia SAMSURI SAMSURI; ANITA ZAITUNAH; ARY SAMSURA; HOREB Y. MARBUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260926

Abstract

Abstract. Samsuri, Zaitunah A, Samsura A, Marbun HY. 2025. Land cover change and ethnoecological practices in Forest Management Unit XXV, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4545-4556. Forest management unit (FMU) is important site-level managers included in the sustainability of productivity. This concept is closely related to land tenure conflicts, which are influenced by community livelihood, local knowledge, traditional customs, environmental capacity, and local institutions. The dynamics of change in local knowledge, traditional customs, and population growth can increase the need for land and negatively impact biodiversity. Therefore, this research aims to (i) analyze land cover change and indigenous local knowledge, and (ii) examine the correlation between land cover change with community ethnoecological practices in FMU, North Sumatra. Landsat 5 and 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were used to identify land cover change. Furthermore, the contingency coefficient correlation method was used to examine the relationship between land cover change and ethnoecology. The results showed that 10 land cover categories were identified, including water bodies, forest, paddy field, rubber estate, shrubs, bare land, mangroves, rubber, oil palms, and mixed garden. Rubber plantations experienced the most significant land area loss between 2001 and 2020, decreasing by 1,918.8 hectares. Meanwhile, mixed gardens reported a substantial gain of 6,171.8 hectares. The interviews identified 6 ethnoecological elements of the community, namely indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants, wood use, wild animal hunting, non-timber forest products, and traditional events. There was no significant correlation between land cover and community ethnoecological change. Despite the absence of a direct statistical relationship, these persistent practices provide crucial indirect support for in-situ biodiversity conservation within the managed forest landscape. In this context, the conversion of agricultural land and the destruction of forest in FMU areas must be addressed. The community indirectly supports the concept through planting and maintaining local species in mixed gardens. The continued cultivation of native species in community-managed gardens contributes indirectly to biodiversity conservation in FMU area despite the lack of significant correlation.
Mapping the potential of parasitoid species for biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Bali, Indonesia I NYOMAN GEDE USTRIYANA; I WAYAN SUPARTHA; I WAYAN SUSILA; KETUT AYU YULIADHI; I PUTU SUDIARTA; ANIS SYAHIRAH BINTI MOKHTAR; SYARI BIN JAMIAN; BINTAN MUTIAH; I WAYAN SANDIKA YASA; I WAYAN EKA KARYA UTAMA; I KADEK WISMA YUDHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251028

Abstract

Abstract. Ustriyana ING, Supartha IW, Susila IW, Yuliadhi KA, Sudiarta IP, Mokhtar ASB, Jamian SB, Mutiah B, Yasa IWS, Utama IWEK, Yudha IKW. 2024. Mapping the potential of parasitoid species for biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3664-3671. Parasitoids are natural enemies that can play a role in controlling the Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuideae) pest population. This research aims to determine the morphological and molecular characteristics of these pests as well as distribution patterns in the field. Samples of S. frugiperda eggs and larvae were taken from corn (Zea mays L.) plants from several locations in Bali using the purposive sampling method. Identification of the S. frugiperda parasitoid was carried out using morphological and molecular methods. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the types of S. frugiperda parasitoids in Bali are Telenomus remus as an egg parasitoid and Microplitis prodeniae as a larval parasitoid. The results of molecular analysis of the two types of parasitoids show that T. remus Bali has the same genetic sequence as T. remus from China and the larval parasitoid M. prodeniae Bali has the closest genetic sequence to M. prodeniae China, Hong Kong and India. According to the results of haplotype analysis, it is known that the T. remus parasitoid has one haplotype group with the Chinese T. remus sequence, while M. prodeniae has its own haplotype group when compared with sequences from the same species from several countries. Every sampling location in the Bali cornfield had the distribution of T. remu. Based on the percent parasitism value at each location point, T. remus is a very promising and effective parasitoid as a field mortality factor for S. frugiperda eggs.
Morphological analysis of the endemic freshwater halfbeak Dermogenys orientalis (Weber, 1894) in Maros Karst Region, South Sulawesi, Indonesia MOH. TAUHID UMAR; SHARIFUDDIN BIN ANDY OMAR; ANDI ALIAH HIDAYANI; ACHMAD NABIL AL ASHAD; MUHAMMAD GAZALI; WIDYASTUTI UMAR; SAPTO ANDRIYONO; ANDI TENRIULO; ABIGAIL MARY MOORE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250927

Abstract

Abstract. Umar MT, Omar SBA, Hidayani AA, Ashad ANA, Gazali M, Umar W, Andriyono S, Tenriulo A, Moore AM. 2024. Morphological analysis of the endemic freshwater halfbeak Dermogenys orientalis (Weber, 1894) in Maros Karst Region, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3056-3066. The viviparous halfbeak Dermogenys orientalis is a freshwater fish endemic to the Maros-Pangkep Karst Region in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Halfbeaks have a unique shape with a beak-like upper jaw considerably longer than the lower jaw. To date, research on the biology of this fish has been limited, in particular with respect to morphology. This study aims to analyze morphological (morphometric, and meristic) characteristics of D. orientalis populations in the Pattunuang, Bantimurung, and Leang-Leang rivers by sex. Morphological identification was carried out by comparing the morphology of fish originating from the Maros-Pangkep Karst Area based on the characteristics of the fish obtained and carried out in-situ. Morphometric analysis was performed using Stepwise Discriminant Analysis. Phenotypic distance between populations was inferred using Predicted Group Membership and Pairwise Group Comparison. Equality of Group Means Test was applied to discriminant morphometric traits and the t-test (?=0.05) to meristic traits. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS software version 22.0. The results showed that D. orientalis was sexually dimorphic and viviparous. In addition to the male andropodium, D. orientalis exhibited sexual dimorphism in body shape, and females were significantly longer (standard length) than males. The species characters identification found in this study were 13 and 19 characters for males and females respectively. The results of the t-test on the meristic character data that have been obtained, the mean values of three meristic traits (pectoral, anal and caudal fin ray counts) differed significantly between groups.
Fauna of arboreal Hemiptera in South-Eastern Kazakhstan KHAKNAZAR KORGANBEK; PERIZAT ESENBEKOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250817

Abstract

Abstract. Korganbek K, Esenbekova P. 2024. Fauna of arboreal Hemiptera in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 25: 3460-3467. Arboreal hemipterans are a part of the living world, occupying a special place in natural food chain and contact with many living organisms in nature. The purpose of the research is to study and describe the fauna of arboreal hemipterans in the South-Eastern Kazakhstan region. This research was conducted according to various methods generally accepted in the field of entomology. Also materials were processed in laboratory conditions. Samples were collected from 48 locations in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. In total, 939 specimens were collected, including 442 males (47%), 429 females (46%) and 68 nymphs (7%). As a result of the study, 57 species of arboreal hemipterans belonging to 9 families were identified in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. They are Miridae (15 species), Pentatomidae (11 species), Acanthosomatidae (8 species), Lygaeidae (7 species), Anthocoridae (6 species), Nabidae (4 species), Aradidae (4 species), Reduviidae (3 species), Tingidae (2 species). In addition, the article provides information about the nutritional relationships, the number of generations they give per year (voltinism), and the habitats of arboreal hemipterans. Information about the biology of arboreal hemipterans plays an important role in assessing the stability of the biodiversity in the area where they live.
Relationship analysis and genetic diversity of tea Camellia sinensis germplasm from illegitimate seeds based on morphological characters YUDITHIA MAXISELLY; CITRA BAKTI; MURGAYANTI MURGAYANTI; ERNAH ERNAH; ABDILLAH AZZAM WAHYUDIN; MUHAMAD KHAIS PRAYOGA; AGUNG KARUNIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250820

Abstract

Abstract. Maxiselly Y, Bakti C, Murgayanti, Ernah, Wahyudin AA, Prayoga MK, Karuniawan A. 2024. Relationship analysis and genetic diversity of tea Camellia sinensis germplasm from illegitimate seeds based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 25: 3486-3495. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a plant with self-incompatible traits and requires significant efforts to assemble superior clones. The generation of the superior clone is from seed-derived genetic material that demands comprehensive information on population variance, genetic diversity, and the level of relationship among accessions. Therefore, this research aimed to determine population variances, genetic diversity, and relationships of tea germplasm accessions based on morphological characteristics. The experiment was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 at the Indonesian Research Institute Tea and Cinchona, Mekarsari Village, Pasir Jambu District, Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. An experimental method, "no layout design," was used to identify morphological traits of 36 characters in 50 selected accessions from the population. Observational data were analyzed to determine variance values, principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap correlation, and cluster analysis using XLSTAT software. The results showed a wide variation of 50% among the 36 characters, with genetic diversity in the 2 Principal Components (PC) at 38.99%. The cluster analysis of accessions had an Euclidean distance range, measuringa measure of the straight line distance between two points of 2.23 to 12.86. This variation was caused by a high correlation of some characteristics, such as leaf length, width, and leaf area, as the potential to develop the new tea clone.
Ethnobotanical study of Acanthaceae family in Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; AREERAT RAGSASILP; NICHA THAWARA; THAWATPHONG BOONMA; SOMBAT APPAMARAKA; ANOUSONE SENGTHONG; HANVEDES DAOVISAN; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; SURAPON SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250829

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Ragsasilp A, Thawara N, Boonma T, Appamaraka S, Sengthong A, Daovisan H, Setyawan AD, Saensouk S. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of Acanthaceae family in Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 2570-2582. Traditional botanical knowledge plays a crucial role in the cultural and medicinal practices of indigenous communities, yet it is increasingly at risk of being lost. This study aims to document and analyze the use of Acanthaceae species by villagers in two villages in Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand to preserve this knowledge and support sustainable resource management. Data on traditional botanical knowledge of Acanthaceae from villagers were collected using semi-structured interviews. The data were then analyzed by using Use Value (UV), Cultural Importance Index (CI), and Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). The study found nine species with two variations belonging to seven genera in the Acanthaceae family that are used by villagers, namely Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson, Barleria prionitis L., Justicia adhatoda L., J. gendarussa Burm.f. (Kra Duk Kai Khaw), J. gendarussa Burm.f. (Kra Duk Kai Dum), Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, Ruellia tuberosa L., and Ru. simplex C.Wright. They can be classified into four groups based on their uses: foods, medicine, religious plant and other uses. Species with the highest Use Value (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) was Rh. nasutus (L.) Kurz which is used in many respects. The highest IAR value of 0.79 was Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. followed by An. paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (0.70) and Rh. nasutus (L.) Kurz (0.33), indicating the agreement among informants mentioned the plant species for particular disease. This study emphasizes the importance of transmission of traditional knowledge to prevent it from disappearing in the future and to inform natural resource management of local people for conservation and sustainable development.
Diversity and distribution trends of bats along elevation and habitat gradients in Mount Tuminungan, Bukidnon, Philippines JOE MERFURT N. LAMA; ELBERT B. CABALLERO; JUSTIN N. MACEDA; JUNEL E. OMANDAM; EDDIE P. MONDEJAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251035

Abstract

Abstract. Lama JMN, Caballero EB, Maceda JN, Omandam JE, Mondejar EP. 2024. Diversity and distribution trends of bats along elevation and habitat gradients in Mount Tuminungan, Bukidnon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 3728-3738. Chiropterans are considered as bioindicators due to their sensitivity to changes in their immediate environment. With climate change threats getting more severe, data on how elevation and different habitats affect bat diversity is very important in predicting and monitoring the probable upslope relocation of bat species. Hence, this study aims to examine the species diversity of bats at various elevations and habitat gradients in the Daraghuyan ancestral domain at Sitio Damitan in Barangay Dalwangan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines. Mist netting was used to sample bats in five sampling sites within the area, covering an elevation spectrum from 1525 to 1796 masl and habitat ranging from a mixed agroecosystem (MAE), forest patches within the agroecosystem (FPA), secondary montane forest to mossy forest. This study recorded six species of bats (n=392 individuals), predominantly Pteropodidae, with the additional record of population size, distribution and extent of occurrence of Alionycteris paucidentata Kock 1969 within Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park (MKRNP). Sampling site 1b (FPA) had the highest relative abundance (33.42%) and bat diversity (H’=1.346) while Site 2, an intact lower montane forest (LMF), had highest species richness (n=5). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and GIS mapping showed several variables (i.e., elevation, vegetation, and geographical characteristic) with significant associations with bat occurrence and abundance. This study emphasizes the role of the Daraghuyan ancestral domain as one of the important habitats for bats in Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park.
Temporal variation of peanut worm (Siphonosoma australe-australe) reproduction in Toronipa Beach of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia BAHTIAR BAHTIAR; YNGWY EZRA JIWANI; MUHAMMAD NUR FINDRA; ERMAYANTI ISHAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250825

Abstract

Abstract. Bahtiar, Jiwani YE, Findra MN, Ishak E. 2024. Temporal variation of peanut worm (Siphonosoma australe-australe) reproduction in Toronipa Beach of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2533-2540. The peanut worm Siphonosoma australe-australe in Toronipa Beach, Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia is constantly facing ecological pressure. However, a limited understanding of its reproductive pattern hinders the development of a management plan. This study aimed to determine the sex ratio, GML (Gonad Maturity Level), GSI (Gonad Somatic Index), and the size of the peanut worm at early gonad maturity in Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Worms were collected using a hand spade, and the length and weight were measured using a ruler (accuracy of 0.5 cm) and an analytical balance (accuracy of 0.0001 g), respectively. Dissection was then conducted to observe eggs and sperm in the coelom. Additionally, water quality measurements were taken simultaneously with worm sampling. A total of 467 peanut worms were collected, and data were analyzed using standard formulas. The results showed that during the 11-month duration of this study, the sex ratio of peanut worms was imbalanced, as females were more than males. Aside from being dioecious, these worms were hermaphroditic and parthenogenous; the gonad maturity analysis showed various stages (I-IV) in peanut worms throughout the study. The highest level of gonadal maturity for male and female peanut worms was observed in August and September at Toronipa Beach. The first gonad maturity for male peanut worms occurred at 12.4-13.4 cm, while females matured at 13-13.5 cm. Throughout the year, gonad maturity and spawning were supported by environmental factors, such as temperature and organic matter that ranged from 30-32°C and 2.06-4.31 mg/L, respectively. Reducing harvesting activities during the peak spawning months is recommended to maintain the peanut worm population.

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