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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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The diversity and traditional use of home garden plants near Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia ADI BEJO SUWARDI; ZIDNI ILMAN NAVIA; ALBIAN MUBARAK; RODIYATUL RAHMAT; PANJI CHRISTY; SARA GUSTIA WIBOWO; HERI IRAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250750

Abstract

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Mubarak A, Rahmat R, Cristy P, Wibowo SG, Irawan H. 2024. The diversity and traditional use of home garden plants near Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3284-3299. Home gardens are traditional agroforestry systems that improve plant diversity and ecosystem services while also having a direct and beneficial effect on human well-being. Each plant species in a home garden provides a variety of ecosystem services, which are linked to specific ecological functions and social drives. Although home gardens are biodiversity hotspots and have recently been identified as essential to tropical biodiversity conservation, the benefits of ecosystem services offered by home gardens are frequently undervalued. This study aims to analyze the diversity, usage, and traditional knowledge of home garden plants among the local communities living near Kerinci Seblat National Park, Indonesia. This study was carried out in four villages from two districts of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, i.e. Lebong and Rejang Lebong. Field surveys, plant collections, and interviews with local communities were used in this study. Interviews were conducted with 120 informants (30 in each village) selected at random. A total of 218 plant species belonging to 67 families associated with 12 use categories were recorded in the study area. Capsicum frutescens, Musa x paradisiaca, and Mangifera indica are frequently discovered in home gardens. The most diverse categories of plant use in home gardens encompass food, medicine, and ornament, utilizing various parts such as rhizomes, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Home gardens, with their diverse plant species, are considered to have a significant role in household livelihoods, protecting plant genetic resources, and biodiversity conservation.
Genetic variability and multi-trait selection of biomass and stalk juice for bioenergy in sorghum segregating populations DARIUS DARE; TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; DESTA WIRNAS; DIDY SOEPANDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251142

Abstract

Abstract. Dare D, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Wirnas D, Soepandi D. 2024. Genetic variability and multi-trait selection of biomass and stalk juice for bioenergy in sorghum segregating populations. Biodiversitas 25: 4425-4437. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a promising crop for biofuel production due to its high sugar content in stem juice, which can be converted into bioethanol. However, the challenge for plant breeders developing bioenergy sorghum is creating superior genotypes with enhanced biomass-related traits. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and multi-trait selection of biomass and stalk juice in sorghum segregating populations. A total of 320 F2 genotypes and six check genotypes were evaluated. Observed parameters included biomass-related traits and grain yield. Data analysis comprised gene action and genetic parameter estimation, Pearson correlation, path analysis, transgressive segregant estimation, multi-trait selection, cluster, and principal component analysis. The results showed high genetic variability for biomass-related traits, with coefficients of variation for fresh biomass and juice volume of 40.64% and 68.03%, respectively. Broad-sense heritability for these traits ranged from low (0%) to high (89.27) and was influenced by additive genes and complementary epistasis. All characters showed significant correlations with target traits, except for the Brix value. Direct selection for juice volume and fresh biomass weight can be achieved through stem weight. The transgressive index revealed high values, with transgressive segregants at 5.43% and 1.94%, respectively. Multi characters selection identified the 26 best genotypes for further testing.
Flowering and fruiting phenology in two varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera) in tropical regions, Indonesia SERI KAMILA; WINARSO DERAJAD WIDODO; EDI SANTOSA; M. RAHMAT SUHARTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251158

Abstract

Abstract. Kamila S, Widodo WD, Santosa E, Suhartanto MR. 2024. Flowering and fruiting phenology in two varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera) in tropical regions, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4593-4602. Determining harvest time is a crucial phase in the production of high-quality grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Traditional indicators, such as the number of days after pruning, the flowering period, and changes in skin color, are often unreliable. The variations in planting locations, particularly between lowland and highland areas, significantly influence temperature and climate conditions. These factors, especially in tropical regions with high rainfall, complicate the estimation of the harvest time, necessitating precise harvest handling. To determine grapes' ripeness level, a more accurate method, such as the heat unit method or accumulated heat unit, is required. This method considers the actual average temperature obtained by plants while in the field until they reach optimal maturity for harvest. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the heat units (°C per day) required from anthesis to harvest as a measurable criterion for assessing the ripeness of Jupiter and Transfiguration grape varieties. Additionally, it also focused on identifying the flowering and fruiting phenology of grapes in Indonesia, located in a tropical climate. The results showed that the two grape varieties can be harvested with a heating unit for Jupiter of 2521°C and Transfiguration of 2527°C. There was no difference between the two, but there was a significant difference in fruit diameter and metabolite compound content. These findings have significant practical implications for grape growers in tropical regions, providing them with a more accurate method for determining harvest time and improving the quality of their grapes.
Carbon stock and biomass of Baluno Mangrove Forest ecosystems in West Sulawesi, Indonesia SUPARJO RAZASLI CARONG; AZIIL ANWAR; YASSER AHMED; NUR INDAH SARI ARBIT; ABD MANNAN; RUSMIDIN RUSMIDIN; TAVIP ANWAR; FIRHAN RIMBAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250928

Abstract

Abstract. Carong SR, Anwar A, Ahmed Y, Arbit NIS, Mannan A, Rusmidin, Anwar T, Rimbawan F. 2024. Carbon stock and biomass of Baluno Mangrove Forest ecosystems in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3067-3074. Global warming, fueled by rising CO2 levels, threatens life on earth. Mangrove ecosystems, with their high CO2 absorption capacity, are crucial in climate mitigation efforts. This study aims to identify the attributes of mangrove biomass, quantify carbon stock, and assess the capacity of above-ground biomass (including trees, saplings, and seedlings) and soil to sequester carbon. Carbon stock measurements were conducted in the Baluno Mangrove Forest conservation area which is under the management of the Yayasan Peduli Pengembangan Masyarakat Desa (YPPMD). The sampling strategy employed was stratified proportionate random sampling. The research area is partitioned into multiple strata of mangrove forest vegetation density. The study area consists of 25 plots, each measuring 20x20 (400 m2 soil samples are collected using a soil core to a certain depth, typically up to 30 cm or more. The samples are then analyzed in a laboratory to determine the organic carbon content. Therefore, the total area covered by the plots is 10,000 m2, which is equivalent to 1 hectare. The Baluno Mangroves have a total biomass of 1,558.15 tons/ha. The species with the highest biomass was Sonneratia sp., with a value of 30.81 tons. Conversely, the species having the lowest biomass was Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, with a value of 0.0625 tons. The Baluno Mangrove area has an average carbon stock of 989.04 tons per hectare, with the potential to absorb 3,629.79 tons of CO2 per hectare. In conclusion, Baluno Mangroves store 58,719.57 metric tons of carbon, with Sonneratia sp. as the largest contributor, emphasizing the vital role of Indonesia's mangroves in global carbon sequestration and climate mitigation.
The pathological pebrine diseases of Bombyx mori caused by Nosema bombycis (mNb) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia SITTI NURAENI; ANDANG SURYANA SOMA; ANDI SADAPOTTO; ANDI MUJETAHID; BAHARUDDIN BAHARUDDIN; RYZA JAZID BAHARUDDIN NUR; NURUL HUDA; ABDUL FATTAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250920

Abstract

Abstract. Nuraeni S, Soma AS, Sadapotto A, Mujetahid A, Baharuddin, Nur RJB, Huda N, Fattah A. 2024. The pathological pebrine diseases of Bombyx mori caused by Nosema bombycis (mNb) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2990-2995. South Sulawesi is the main producer of raw silk in Indonesia. However, over the past decade, raw silk production has plummeted due to an epizootic of pebrine disease. Pebrine disease is caused by the obligate parasite microsporidium Nosema bombycis Filatova, 1942 (mNb) (Microsporidia: Nosematidae). This study aims to identify mNb spore morphology and pathological characteristics, including disease symptoms, infectivity tests, and pebrine epizootic history. Spore morphology was observed using a light microscope. Infectivity test with a spore concentration of 1×108 mL-1 in 3rd, and 4th instars, inoculation using the smear method on mulberry leaves. Information on pebrine disease rates was obtained from documents of egg certification between 2002 and 2016. The research results show that the spores are oval in shape. The size of the spores can reach a length of 4.57±0.46 µm and a width of 2.24±0.493 µm. The main symptoms of this disease are the change in color of the cuticle to brownish with irregular black spots and non-uniform growth because many fail to molt, and the larval phase increases by 8-10 days. Inoculation in the 3rd instar can cause larval death starting on the second day after inoculation, with a cumulative mortality rate of 64%. Inoculation of the 4th instar, death begins on the eighth day, and a cumulative mortality rate of 52%. The pebrine epizootic in 2010 reached 72.42%, which reduced production by 57%. Understanding the pathological causes of pebrine disease and its history is useful to prevent rather than control the occurrence of the next epizootic.
Ethnomedicinal plants used by Manobo Tribe in Ugnop Cave Landscape Forest Reserve, Agusan del Sur, Philippines LYN D. PARAGUISON; JULIUS JOHN DP. SALAMANES; MARK LLOYD G. DAPAR; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251122

Abstract

Abstract. Paraguison LD, Salamanes JJDP, Dapar MLG, Alejandro GJD. 2024. Ethnomedicinal plants used by Manobo Tribe in Ugnop Cave Landscape Forest Reserve, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 4223-4232. As a protected and conserved area, Upland Prosperidad in Agusan del Sur, harbors medicinal plants traditionally used by local communities and indigenous groups. This study investigates the ethnomedicinal practices of the Manobo tribe in the Ugnop Cave Landscape Forest Reserve, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, guided field walks, and focus group discussions with 150 key informants. A total of 57 medicinal plants, belonging to 31 families and 49 genera, were documented for their use in treating various diseases and ailments. The Fabaceae family dominated with five species reported for medicinal use. Piperaceae (FIV=98.67) and Asteraceae (FIV=96.66) were identified as the families with the highest Family Importance Value, receiving the most citation reports from key informants. The most frequently reported plant species was Piper aduncum L., traditionally used for treating cuts and wounds. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part, constituting 32% of usage. Decoction was the most common mode of preparation (55%), followed by poultice (22%) and direct eating (16%). The forest reserve was found to be rich in medicinal plant knowledge and resources among the locals and indigenous communities, emphasizing the need for ongoing protection and conservation of these valuable genetic resources.
Applications of environmental DNA for marine biodiversity monitoring in Sumberkima Village, Bali, Indonesia I NYOMAN DODIK PRASETIA; JASMINE MASYITHA AMELIA; GRESSTY SARI BR SITEPU; MADE DWIPA KUSUMA MAHARANI; DEWI WULANDARI; EGHBERT ELVAN AMPOU; MUHAMMAD DANIE AL MALIK; NINING NURSALIM; NENIK KHOLILAH; NI KADEK DITA CAHYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260824

Abstract

Abstract. Prasetia IND, Amelia JM, Sitepu GSB, Maharani MDK, Wulandari D, Ampou EE, Malik MDA, Nursalim N, Kholilah N, Cahyani NKD. 2025. Applications of environmental DNA for marine biodiversity monitoring in Sumberkima Village, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3939-3951. Sumberkima Village in North Bali, Indonesia, is known for its high marine diversity, yet it increasingly faces ecological stress from fishing and tourism activities. This study aims to assess the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems in Sumberkima using a combination of visual census and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. A Line Transect Method was conducted through SCUBA for a visual census to detect coral diversity and coral cover. Then, eDNA samples were collected from three stations (i) coral reef ecosystems, (ii) the transitional zone between seagrass and coral reef ecosystems, and (iii) coral reef ecosystems near the bay close to the mainland and analyzed using the COI locus to detect invertebrates and vertebrates. Seawater was taken for 1 L per station. A total of 200,709 reads and 662 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) of Eukaryotes, enabling the detection of cryptic and hard-to-observe species. Meanwhile, visual census using the Line Transect Method assessed coral diversity and cover, identifying 39 genera with conditions ranging from poor to medium. The integration of eDNA with traditional visual census techniques provides a more comprehensive biodiversity assessment, particularly in ecologically rich yet threatened marine environments such as Sumberkima, North Bali, Indonesia.
Natural tree regeneration after selective cutting in a dry evergreen forest in Northeastern Thailand DOKRAK MAROD; SARAWOOD SUNGKAEW; SATHID THINKAMPAENG; CHONGRAK WACHRINRAT; SUTHERA HERMHUK; KKAPHONG THONGSAWI; WONGSATORN PHUMPHUANG; ARERUT YARNVUDHI; CHATPIMUK YATAR; SOMBOON CHEYSAWAT; CHATCHAI SAWASMONGKOL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251107

Abstract

Abstract. Marod D, Sungkaew S, Thinkampaeng S, Wachrinrat C, Hermhuk S, Thongsawi J, Phumphuang W, Yarnvudhi A, Yatar C, Cheysawat S, Sawasmongkol C. 2024. Natural tree regeneration after selective cutting in a dry evergreen forest in Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4074-4085. Forest degradation is a serious problem caused by anthropogenic disturbance, nevertheless, forest recovery rates vary among forest ecosystems. We investigated forest regeneration after selective cutting in a dry evergreen forest at the Wang Nam Khiao Forestry Research and Training Station (WFRS), Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. In 2002, a 1-ha permanent plot was established in the forest. All woody plant (sapling and trees) in the plot with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) >2 cm were identified, and their DBHs and positions were recorded. Data on environmental and topographic factors and soil properties were collected to analyze their relationships with tree spatial distribution. Tree monitoring was conducted in 2004, 2018, and 2020 and forest dynamics were analyzed for the periods 2002-2004, 2004-2018, and 2018-2020. In 2020, we identified 3,669 trees of 91 species, 81 genera, and 36 families. Based on importance index values, the dominant tree species (all with DBH ?4.5 cm) were Walsura pinnata Hassk., Dialium cochinchinense Pierre, Hopea ferrea Laness., Hydnocarpus ilicifolius King and Vitex scabra Wall. ex Schauer. Based on the DBH class distribution, the natural regeneration of all woody plants tended toward a reverse J-shaped, indicating a good regeneration condition. The results of forest dynamics analysis showed that the net recruitment rate (2.75±1.70% year-1) was higher than the mortality rate (2.14±0.73% year-1) throughout the study period. Tree spatial distributions varied among species and across environmental factors which were strongly influenced by soil texture followed by topographic and can be divided into generalist and specialist species. This indicates that the forest is going toward a positive regeneration trajectory after the disturbances. Nonetheless, additional information based on forest monitoring is required. Additionally, an understanding of the relationships between species niches and environmental changes is important for tree regeneration research and forest restoration programs; it will allow better matching of tree species to their optimal environmental conditions, thereby increasing the likelihood of plant community success.
LC-MS/MS analysis and antioxidant activity of ethanol fraction of Aglaonema modestum leaves SARONOM SILABAN; BAJOKA NAINGGOLAN; JUANDI IKHWAN; NUR HARLIANANDA; MURNIATY SIMORANGKIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251211

Abstract

Abstract. Silaban S, Nainggolan B, Ikhwan J, Harliananda N, Simorangkir M. 2024. LC-MS/MS analysis and antioxidant activity of ethanol fraction of Aglaonema modestum leaves. Biodiversitas 25: 4756-4762. Free radicals are one of the triggers of various diseases. Excessive free radicals have the potential to cause oxidative stress, such as diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants can be used to prevent free radicals. Synthetic antioxidants have unnecessary side effects, and natural antioxidants can be a safer alternative. Natural antioxidants can come from plants, which contain phenolic compounds in the form of flavonoids. Aglaonema modestum, with the local name simargaolgaol, contains this compound. This plant is often found in Barus, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and is usually used by the community as traditional medicine for internal and external wounds. This study aims to identify the potential antioxidant activity of the leaves ethanol fractions of A. modestum. Purification was done using the standard column chromatography method, antioxidant activity analysis using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with vitamin C as a control, and fraction compound analysis using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity value (IC50) of ethanol fraction of A. modestum consecutively at 30.953 ppm (very strong), 109.809 ppm (moderate), and vitamin C with an IC50 value of 2.304 ppm (very strong). The results of LC-MS/MS analysis of the ethanol fraction identified three compounds, namely Cadsurenin K (RT 5.91 minutes), Methyl ophiopogonone B (RT 6.37 minutes), and Schizandrin C (RT 7.30 minutes). The ethanol fraction of A. modestum leaves has alternative potential as a natural antioxidant.
A comparison of diversity and catch composition of mini trawl (arad) and lift net (bagan) in Cilincing, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia TRI DEWI KUSUMANINGRUM PRIBADI; ROZA YUSFIANDAYANI; DOMU SIMBOLON; MERCY PATANDA; RACHMAD CAESARIO; ELNOSAN JEMBAR SAYIDINA; SUSANTI RAHAYU VIOLITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260127

Abstract

Abstract. Pribadi TDK, Yusfiandayani R, Simbolon D, Patanda M, Caesario R, Sayidina EJ, Violita SR. 2024. A comparison of diversity and catch composition of mini trawl (arad) and lift net (bagan) in Cilincing, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 265-277. Arad is a traditional fishing gear that is still popular and widely used in Indonesia, including in Cilincing, the bay in the northern part of Jakarta. Even though the Indonesian government has prohibited this fishing gear, the discarded fishing gear is still utilized by many fishers due to its effective result in getting a large volume of fish caught. A study on the diversity and catch composition of arad (trawl) and bagan (lift net) fishing gear was conducted between January and June 2024 in Cilincing waters to represent active and passive fishing gear. Samples of fish caught from both fishing gears were observed directly, while interviews with the fishers were conducted to get further information on their view. The study showed that in comparison to bagan, arad caught more species, including reef fish. Both fishing gear caught fin-fish and non-finfish (mollusk, crustacean, jellyfish) in different proportions. The data showed that arad caught more species (28) compared to bagan (18). Arad caught mostly demersal fish (57.14%), while bagan mostly caught pelagic fish (53.33%). The value of Total Length (TL) of fish caught by both fishing gears was mostly under the Length of First of Maturity (LM). Referring to the list issued by IUCN, most of the species caught by arad and bagan were in the Least Concern status of conservation, and neither CITES nor the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry has issued any information regarding the population status.

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