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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Short Communication: Species diversity of macroalgae in Teluk Bidara Beach, Dungun, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia NURIN KARMILA KAUJ; SITI NUR LIYANA ROSLAN; NUR FARAH AIN ZAINEE; NOR BAZILAH RAZALI; NOR AZLIZA ISMAIL; NUR AMALINA MOHD IZAM; FARAH AYUNI FARINORDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251136

Abstract

Abstract. Kauj NK, Roslan SNL, Zainee NFA, Razali NB, Ismail NA, Izam NAM, Farinordin FA. 2024. Short Communication: Species diversity of macroalgae in Teluk Bidara Beach, Dungun, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 4370-4378. Macroalgae are a diverse group of organisms with varying physical characteristics, genetic relationships, morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical compositions. Research on macroalgae in Malaysia has shown significant expansion. Nevertheless, the current inventory of macroalgae in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia is limited. This study was conducted to analyze the species diversity and morphologies of macroalgae in Teluk Bidara, Terengganu, Malaysia. Specimens were collected at low tides. Wet specimens were preserved in 10% formalin while herbarium preparation was conducted to preserve dried specimens. Specimens were observed under microscopes to determine the distinguishable morphological characteristics. There were 17 species of macroalgae recorded with Ochrophyta was the phylum with the greatest number of species (47%), followed by Rhodophyta (35%), and Chlorophyta (18%). The calculated Shannon-Wiener’s Index (2.833) and Simpson's Index (0.9412) indicate a significant amount of species diversity, suggesting that the community includes many species with an even distribution of individuals. The diverse range of Sargassum is attributed to their habitat diversity, adaptability, reproductive strategies, genetic diversity, distribution patterns, ecological interactions, and anthropogenic activities. Malaysia's coastal and island ecosystems are known to house a significant number of macroalgae species, providing suitable habitats for maintaining their diversity. Macroalgae diversity and its habitats, being part of the natural heritage, should be adequately preserved.
Short Communication: New records of rare endemic Hose pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus hosei) in Sungai Rawog Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia LAWRENCE ALAN BANSA; NUR AIN AWATIF MOHD-KANAPIAH; ARTHUR CHUNG; ZUL ASLAN JASLIN; NOOR HALIZA HASAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250913

Abstract

Abstract. Bansa LA, Mohd-Kanapiah NAA, Chung A, Jaslin ZA, Hasan NH. 2024. Short Communication: New records of rare endemic Hose pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus hosei) in Sungai Rawog Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 2937-2942. The Hose's pygmy flying squirrel, Petaurillus hosei (Thomas, 1900), is an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) data deficient species. Information on this species is lacking, and the sighting of this species is extremely rare in Borneo, particularly in Sabah. In Sabah, Malaysia, this species was documented only in Sepilok Forest Reserve more than 30 years ago. Furthermore, measurement records for this species are limited to only four specimens. A male P. hosei, was captured in the Rawog River Conservation Area, marking only the second record in Sabah and the fifth in Borneo. This individual was captured using a mist net attached to a pair of 8-meter-long telescopic poles, indicating that P. hosei primarily inhabits forests with medium to high canopy levels, as evidenced by their tree-dwelling habits. This individual's Head-to-Body (HB) dimensions are approximately 70.71 mm, with a tail length of 77.83 mm and hind legs measuring 19.46 mm. This species is morphologically similar to Petaurillus emiliae (Thomas, 1908), with single records from Baram, Sarawak, and Petaurillus kinlochii (Robinson & Kloss, 1911), only known from Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. This discovery significantly contributes to the current photographic record and measurements of P. hosei from Sabah, Malaysia Borneo. Further research on the Sabah flying squirrel is crucial to enhance our understanding of the diversity, distribution, and behavior of this IUCN data deficient species. Therefore, comprehensive statewide survey involving mist netting and mid-level to canopy observations targeting old-growth forests is highly recommended.
Impact of planting rotations and tree age on insect pests and weeds in balsa plantations of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea MALAGAT BOAS; JOSHUA URIM; KARI SOGERA IAMBA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260413

Abstract

Abstract. Boas M, Urim J, Iamba KS. 2025. Impact of planting rotations and tree age on insect pests and weeds in balsa plantations of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Biodiversitas 26: 1618-1629. Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) is an income-generating tree crop in East New Britain Province (ENB) of Papua New Guinea, and repetitive planting (rotations) on the same piece of land can result in pest and weed incursions. We sampled insects and weeds from three planting rotations: rotation 1, 2, and 3, and across two age groups: 1-9 months and 10-18 months old trees within each rotation. We found that the age of trees did not strongly affect pest abundance. The reason is that most of the pests associated with balsa trees are cocoa pests and were present in the soil before the blocks were cleared for the first planting. However, the planting rotations had a strong effect, suggesting how harvesting and clearing can affect the colonization and establishment of insects. The abundance of insects increased with planting rotations, with most individuals participating in the third rotation. In contrast, the diversity of pests between young trees (1-9 months) did not differ significantly from older trees (10-18 months). Since the plantations studied are generally young (<2 years), leaves are less lignified; therefore, there is lower attractiveness and colonization by insect pests. Weed abundance was strongly associated with planting rotations and tree age. However, neither factor affected the species richness of weeds, hence the diversity. This can be explained by the exotic status of weed species and supported by the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH). Many weed species sampled are invasive and are free from natural enemies. We assume that high pest diversity in rotation two directly responds to the availability of natural vegetation near balsa plantations that provide refugia for insects. This study emphasizes the importance of land use history and how past host plants such as cocoa or coconut can sustain pest load and affect balsa trees. It also provides information on intercrop systems and their impact on pest and weed infestation in balsa plantations. Overall, the findings are relevant to plant protection management.
Characterization of antibiotic-producing bacteria from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape NURHAYANI H. MUHIDDIN; NETTY HERAWATI; RAMLAWATI RAMLAWATI; NURUL HIDAYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250958

Abstract

Abstract. Muhiddin NH, Herawati N, Ramlawati, Hidayah N. 2024. Characterization of antibiotic-producing bacteria from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape. Biodiversitas 25: 3359-3368. This study was carried out to determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics and identification of antibiotic producing bacterial isolates from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape. The type of research is exploratory, including isolation and characterization of antibiotic-producing bacterial isolates from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape from Bone District and Gowa District, South Sulawesi Province, and Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi Province. Bacterial isolation was done using the pour cup method, and an antibiotic test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as indicator bacteria. The isolation process yielded two bacterial isolates that exhibited antibiotic properties, namely isolates Bb1 and Bb2. The phenotypic characterization of the isolate Bb1 revealed an irregular shape, bacillus-cell shape, Gram-positive, the presence of endospores, positive catalase, motile, aerobic, positive citrate, the capacity to ferment glucose, producing acid and acetyl methyl carbinol. Meanwhile, the Bb2 isolate exhibits a round colony shape, bacillus-cell shape, Gram-positive, produces endospores, positive catalase activity, motile, facultatively anaerobic, negative citrate, can ferment glucose and lactose, produces acid and acetyl methyl carbinol. The results of molecular identification demonstrated that bacterial isolate Bb1 exhibited a 99.72% homology level with Bacillus velezensis strain CR-502. In comparison, bacterial isolate Bb2 showed a 99.58% homology level with Bacillus paramycoides strains MCCC 1A04098. The findings indicate that bacterial isolates derived from cassava tape fermented by traditional ragi tape have the potential to be developed into functional foods and novel antibiotic compounds for application in the healthcare sector. This study highlights the importance of phenotypic and molecular characterization in explaining the diversity of microorganisms present in cassava tape as a traditional food fermentation.
Isolation, screening, and molecular characterization using 16S rDNA gene of feather-degrading bacteria isolated from poultry soil in Basrah Province, Iraq NOOR M. AHMED AL-AMERY; NASSIR ABDULLAH ALYOUSIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250944

Abstract

Abstract. Al-Amery NMA, Alyousif NA. 2024. Isolation, screening, and molecular characterization using 16S rDNA gene of feather-degrading bacteria isolated from poultry soil in Basrah Province, Iraq. Biodiversitas 25: 3217-3226. Bioremediation of feathers based on the production of keratinase enzyme is one of the most promising methods and has gained increasing interest in biotechnology. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and screen the bacteria that can potentially degrade feathers from the soil in Basrah province, Iraq using 16S rDNA gene. Ten soil samples were collected from various poultry fields and 97 bacterial isolates have been isolated from the samples. Seventy-four protease-producing isolates were found among isolates. The highest number of bacterial isolates that were found to be able to break down feathers were B6, E1, F7, M6, and J9 according to the values of keratinase activity were 42.1 U/mL, 29.1 U/mL, 28.8 U/mL, 28.1 U/mL, and 28.1 U/mL, respectively. The isolate B6 was the most promising isolate, because it was the best isolate with a higher value of 42.1 U/mL. Based on the sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene, these 5 isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. pumilus, respectively. Eleven bacterial isolates have been reported as new strains and recorded in NCBI GenBank. The current study reported several isolates that have the potential to produce keratinase with different capabilities for the first time in the world.
Phenotype variability of Pometia pinnata from Riau, Indonesia based on qualitative characters ZULFAHMI ZULFAHMI; ROSMAINA ROSMAINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251055

Abstract

Abstract. Zulfahmi, Rosmaina. 2024. Phenotype variability of Pometia pinnata from Riau, Indonesia based on qualitative characters. Biodiversitas 25: 3953-3964. Matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) is an important underutilized fruit tree in Riau Province, Indonesia. Information on the genetic diversity of P. pinnata is poorly reported. This study aimed to estimate the phenotype variability of P. pinnata in Riau Province, Indonesia based on qualitative characters. Twenty-seven qualitative characters were used to study the phenotype variability of 24 P. pinnata genotypes. The diversity for each character was calculated using the Shannon-Weaver Index and cluster analysis among genotypes was constructed by an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). The results showed a high variability in almost all the characters observed. The estimated value of the Shannon-Weaver Index of P. pinnata ranged from 0.00-0.980. Eighteen characters exhibited a high diversity level (0.67-0.98), two characters demonstrated an intermediate level (0.41-0.66), and the remaining had low diversity (0.00-0.25). A dendrogram grouped 24 P. pinnata into four main clusters, i.e. black-skinned P. pinnata and green-skinned P. pinnata, yellow-skinned P. pinnata, red-skinned P. pinnata, and red-skinned P. pinnata. In general, P. pinnata was grouped based on the color of the ripe fruit skin, which indicated that fruit color characters play an important role in P. pinnata diversity. The ripe skin color can be used as the specific character to differentiate among P. pinnata genotypes easily. This information can be utilized for P. pinnata improvement and breeding in the future.
Enhancing soil carbon and rice dry biomass with microbial fuel cells, optimal spacing, and fertilizer in rice fields SHOFIE RINDI NURHUTAMI; SUDADI SUDADI; KOMARIAH KOMARIAH; WIDYATMANI SIH DEWI; ADHIA AZHAR FAUZAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250955

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhutami SR, Sudadi, Komariah, Dewi WS, Fauzan AA. 2024. Enhancing soil carbon and rice dry biomass with microbial fuel cells, optimal spacing, and fertilizer in rice fields. Biodiversitas 25: 3331-3338. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses electroactive anode bacteria to compete in rice fields without disrupting cultivation or altering diversity. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the combination of MFC, different spacing methods (Jajarlegowo and conventional), and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) fertilizer affecting soil carbon dynamics and rice dry biomass. The key parameters included bacterial community, soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Carbon to Nitrogen (CN) Ratio, and rice dry biomass. The results showed that there were no significant differences across the parameters when combined. However, MFC increased soil respiration (0.618 CO2.day-1) and microbial biomass carbon (0.121 ?g. g-1) but decreased SOC and rice dry biomass (0.039% and 3.978 g. clump-1). Jajarlegowo plant spacing enhanced soil respiration (0.583 CO2.day-1), microbial biomass carbon (0.122 ?g. g-1), and rice dry biomass (10.635 g. clump-1). Meanwhile, NPK fertilizer enhanced microbial biomass carbon (0.170 ?g. g-1), soil respiration (0.615 CO2.day-1), and rice dry biomass (5.993 g.clump-1) but lowered CN Ratio by 3.471. A positive correlation was also observed between soil carbon and rice dry biomass. These emphasized the need for a holistic method to develop MFC technology in rice paddy soils. Further research was suggested on the role of Electroactive Anodes Bacteria (EAB) in organic matter decomposition over multiple rice growing seasons.
Polyploidization of three Chrysanthemum varieties in vitro at various levels of colchicine soaking length FERANITA HARING; MUH. FARID; IFAYANTI RIDWAN; MUHAMMAD FUAD ANSHORI; ANNASTYA NUR FADHILAH; KYLA BADZLIN HARTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250821

Abstract

Abstract. Haring F, Farid M, Ridwan I, Anshori MF, Fadhilah AN, Hartanto KB. 2024. Polyploidization of three Chrysanthemum varieties in vitro at various levels of colchicine soaking length. Biodiversitas 25: 3496-2503. The demand for new types and varieties of chrysanthemums with unique characteristics, such as various colors, shapes, and sizes, continues to increase. One approach that can be taken to achieve this diversity is through mutation techniques using chemical mutagens such as colchicine to obtain polyploid plants. This research, which aims to determine the best varieties and soaking time for colchicine in forming polyploid plants in vitro, has the potential to impact the field of Chrysanthemum breeding significantly. The research was arranged in a split-plot design (SPD), with the main plot being the Chrysanthemum variety (v), consisting of the Pinka Pinky (v1), Lollipop (v2), and Maruta (v3) varieties. The subplot is the soaking time at a colchicine concentration of 0.05%, which consists of 0 hours (t0), 4 hours (t1), 8 hours (t2), and 12 hours (t3). The parameters observed were the number of shoots, number of leaves, number of roots, time to sprout, time to root, time to form plantlets, and polyploidy analysis. Chromosome doubling in chrysanthemum plants after 0.05% colchicine induction with different soaking times produced mixoploid plants or the highest chromosome doubling of 9.18% + 18.82%, namely in the Lollipop variety with a soaking time of 12 hours. Meanwhile, other treatments did not show chromosome doubling and remained diploid but had different levels of chromosome variation.
Brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves using different solvents and its potency as antibacterial ILHAM ZULFAHMI; EPA PAUJIAH; ZULTIRA HARINA ROZA; KAMALIAH HELMI; BADRATUN NAFIS; FIRMAN MUHAMMAD NUR; PUTROE NURUL FAZILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250945

Abstract

Abstract. Zulfahmi I, Paujiah E, Roza ZH, Helmi K, Nafis B, Nur FM, Fazila PN. 2024. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity bioassay of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) leaves using different solvents and its potency as antibacterial. Biodiversitas 25: 3227-3236. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of red mangrove (Rhizopora mucronata) leaves and their potential against pathogenic bacteria. Red mangrove leaf was evaluated for its cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Each solvent's LC50 - 24-hour value was determined using probit analysis and measured using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval (P<0.05). The secondary metabolic compounds in each extract were presented and analyzed descriptively using GC-MS analysis. The effect of incubation time on the bacterial inhibition zone was tested using independent t-test analysis against S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, and A. hydrophyla. The results showed that the LC50 value of ethanol extract was 402.45 ppm, ethyl acetate extract was 230.97 ppm, and n-hexane extract was 180.31 ppm. The secondary metabolite compounds observed in red mangrove leaves extracted with different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) include terpenoids, alkaloids, ketones, phenols, turpentine oil, essential oils, unsaturated fats, and camphor. The ethyl acetate extract from red mangrove leaves inhibited the growth of S.aureus and V. parahaemolyticus. A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus exhibited the lowest inhibition zone, which varied based on time and concentration.
Salt resistance of species of the Chenopodiaceae family (Amaranthaceae s.l.) in the desert part of the Syrdarya River Valley, Kazakhstan BEKTEMIR B. OSMONALI; POLINA V. VESSELOVA; GULMIRA M. KUDABAYEVA; SALAVAT DUISENBAYEV; OMIRZHAN TAUKEBAYEV; KANAT ZULPYKHAROV; SERIKBAY USSEN; DAULET SH. ABDIILDANOV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251115

Abstract

Abstract. Osmonali BB, Vesselova PV, Kudabayeva GM, Duisenbayev S, Taukebayev O, Zulpykharov K, Ussen S, Abdildanov DSH. 2024. Salt resistance of species of the Chenopodiaceae family (Amaranthaceae s.l.) in the desert part of the Syrdarya River Valley, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 25: 4162-4170. Salt tolerance is a complex ecological strategy: halophytes have adaptive physiological and anatomical modifications to ‘combat’ the damaging effects of osmotic and metabolic stress that cause impaired growth and reproduction. Halophytes are represented in many angiosperm families that are distributed worldwide. Halophytes represent a heterogeneous group of plants that combine representatives of different taxa, life forms, ecological types, and floras. The family Chenopodiaceae belongs to the largest and oldest families in arid territories of the globe. It occupies the leading position in the spectrum of families of the desert floras of Kazakhstan. The choice of the study region—the desert part of the Syrdarya River Valley within Kyzylorda oblast, Republic of Kazakhstan—is conditioned by a wide distribution of saline territories within its limits, to which the overwhelming majority of species of the studied family are confined. The objects of the study are phytocenoses (communities) located in saline and non-saline areas with the participation or dominance of Chenopodiaceae (Amaranthaceae s.l.) species in the desert part of the Syrdarya River Valley. Distribution of studied taxa on preference to one or another degree of salinity at genus level showed certain peculiarities. In particular, it was revealed that species of genera Atriplex, Caroxylon, and Bassia grow, as a rule, on soils from non-saline to slightly saline. In turn, species of the Suaeda genus prefer to settle on soils of medium and high saline. Finally, the species categorized as hyperhalophytes (preferring a high degree of salinity) belong exclusively to one subfamily, Salicornioideae. This indicates a certain direction of evolution of the adaptive characteristics of representatives of this family.

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