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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Short Communication: Records of Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus Gmelin, 1788) in the Cisokan forest patches, West Java, Indonesia ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA; TEGUH HUSODO; DWI RUSTAM KENDARTO; ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN; SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH; INDRI WULANDARI; SYA SYA SHANIDA; PUPUT FEBRIANTO; RANDI HENDRAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250844

Abstract

Abstract. Megantara EN, Husodo T, Kendarto DR, Mutaqin AZ, Withaningsih S, Wulandari I, Shanida SS, Febrianto P, Hendrawan R. 2024. Short Communication: Records of Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus Gmelin, 1788) in the Cisokan forest patches, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2713-2719. Mammals are bioindicators in terrestrial ecosystems due to their influence on the conservation of other species and in maintaining ecosystem balance, such as the Java mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus Gmelin, 1788), which contributes to seed disperser on the forest floor. Information on the presence of Java mouse-deer is still limited to mammalian diversity studies; therefore, little information focuses on Java mouse-deer studies, especially in the non-conservation areas and infrastructure development areas, such as the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) development in the Cianjur and West Bandung Districts. This study aims to reveal the presence of Java mouse-deer in the UCPS hydropower development area, West Java. The studies were conducted in February 2017, August 2020, and September 2022. Sign survey, camera trapping, and literature review were applied to this study. Java mouse-deer was found for ten years in the UCPS area. Java mouse-deer was found both directly and indirectly (footprints and feces). Java mouse-deer were discovered in 2012, 2017, 2020, and 2022 in the UCPS area. This species was found in the secondary forest (forest patches), shrubs, mixed gardens, and plantations. This species was most abundant in shrubs and mixed gardens near paddy fields with high levels of human activity. In shrub areas, the topography tends to be cliffy with a dense canopy, making it difficult for humans to pass. Shrub cover is dominated by calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisn.), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum L.), siam weed (Eupatorium odoratum L.), and billygoat-weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.). Java mouse-deer have been encountered for ten years. Agricultural and construction activities affect the opportunities to encounter the species. Longer-term monitoring of the densities will be essential to reveal the population of Java mouse-deer and how its distribution impacted the development of hydropower plants.
Molecular detection of zoonotic Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan-spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) snakes in Indonesia ADITYA YUDHANA; ANJANI MARISA KARTIKASARI; RYANKA EDILA; RATIH NOVITA PRAJA; JONATHAN MARK HAMONANGAN; APRIL HARI WARDHANA; MUFASIRIN MUFASIRIN; SETIAWAN KOESDARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251221

Abstract

Abstract. Yudhana A, Kartikasari AM, Edila R, Praja RN, Hamonangan JM, Wardhana AH, Mufasirin, Koesdarto S. 2024. Molecular detection of zoonotic Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in Javan-spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) snakes in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4853-4859. Sparganosis, a neglected disease caused by the larvae of Spirometra tapeworms, is considered a serious threat to public health worldwide. However, data on snake prevalence or molecular study of sparganosis in snakes still needs to be improved. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence of plerocercoids (spargana) infection in wild-caught Javan-spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) snakes in Banyuwangi, East Java Province, Indonesia, using morphological and molecular identification methods. A total of 70 Javan-spitting cobra snakes were purchased from local sellers in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Morphological identification was conducted on a plerocercoids collected from various predilection sites. Moreover, molecular identification was done by polymerase chain the Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) method and analyzed using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Plerocercoids were identified in 70 snakes, with the prevalence rate recorded at 60%. A total of 231 plerocercoids were collected and divided into 184 (79.65%) in muscular and 47 (20.34%) in subcutaneous tissues. The plerocercoids were macroscopically identified as thin, flat, and white colored with ribbon-like structure and were 2-14 cm long and 2-8 mm wide. Microscopic examination of plerocercoids using the carmine staining method revealed a mouth-like shape anterior side. Furthermore, PCR analysis results reveal that 5 plerocercoid specimens were identified as Spirometra, and each sample shows positive bands at 467 bp. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of Spirometra in species of Indonesian endemic snake primarily on Java Island. These findings constitute a serious potential risk of human sparganosis transmission in Indonesia because wild-caught Javan-spitting cobra snakes are locally used as human food.
Evaluating the phenotypic responses of CRISPR/Cas9-edited Mentik Wangi rice mutants T1 focusing on GA20ox2 and OsCKX2 gene knockout TILMIIDZAH SALMA FATHIN; ATMITRI SISHARMINI; ANIVERASRI APRIANA; TRI JOKO SANTOSO; AHMAD YUNUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250852

Abstract

Abstract. Fathin TS, Sisharmini A, Apriana A, Santoso TJ, Yunus A. 2024. Evaluating the phenotypic responses of CRISPR/Cas9-edited Mentik Wangi rice mutants T1 focusing on GA20ox2 and OsCKX2 gene knockout. Biodiversitas 25: 2783-2790. Mentik Wangi is a local Indonesian rice variety with tall plant stature, making it susceptible to lodging and yield loss, necessitating trait improvements to overcome these weaknesses. Gene editing of GA20ox2 and OsCKX2 using CRISPR/Cas9 was conducted to improve the characteristics of Mentik Wangi. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic responses of T1 Mentik Wangi mutant lines generated through gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Eighty-five mutant lines and wild-type plants were grown and observed in a greenhouse. Phenotypic traits were observed as quantitative traits, such as plant height, panicle length, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, total number of grains, 1000-grain weight, heading date, and harvesting age; and qualitative traits, such as panicle type and panicle exsertion type. The results showed a decrease in plant height and panicle length in Mentik Wangi rice mutant lines. Several lines exhibited improvements in total tiller number, productive tiller number, total grain number, and 1000-grain weight. Mutant lines required longer to reach the generative phase and displayed differences in panicle type and panicle exsertion type. This study reported that the T1 mutant lines demonstrated distinct phenotypic responses indicating improvements in the desired traits.
Species composition, stand structure, and carbon stock in the agroforestry system of Wana Lestari Community Forestry, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia RAHMA DWI AKDAH; NURHENI WIJAYANTO; ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI HARTOYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250957

Abstract

Abstract. Akdah RD, Wijayanto N, Hartoyo APP. 2024. Species composition, stand structure, and carbon stock in the agroforestry system of Wana Lestari Community Forestry, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3350-3358. Climate change is characterized by shifting climate patterns that result in erratic weather phenomena. One of the major consequences of climate change is the reduction in biodiversity and the increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), primarily carbon. Agroforestry systems (AF) have emerged as a potential solution to mitigate these effects by conversing biodiversity and enhancing carbon stocks. This study aims to analyze the species composition and structure of tree stands and estimate the carbon stock in the AF of the community forest (HKm). The methods used employed included vegetation analysis, stand structure measurement using the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator (SExI-FS), and carbon stock estimation using allometric equations and destructive approaches for seedlings and understory levels. A total of 25 plots, each measuring 20×20 m, were used for data collection. The results show that the species composition in HKm Wana Lestari consists of 63 plant species from 40 families. The highest importance value index (IVI) was recorded for durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) at the pole growth level (90.34%), while coffee (Coffea robusta L.Linden) emerged as the dominant species within the agroforestry system. The diversity index (H') ranged from 0.40 to 2.29, indicating a medium category of diversity. The stand structure did not follow the expected "J" curve pattern. The total biomass and carbon stock across all growth levels were found to be 228.35 and 107.22 tons/ha, respectively. In conclusion, the agroforestry system in HKm Wana Lestari demonstrates notable species diversity and carbon storage potential, although its stand structure deviates from the ideal "J" curve, suggesting opportunities for further forest management improvements.
Species diversity of aquatic plants in Anggerper Swamp in Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia SENDY LELY MERLY; ROSA D. PANGARIBUAN; YAKOBUS ERIKSON KANDO; LINDON R. PANE; JEREMIAS R. TUHUMENA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251207

Abstract

Abstract. Merly SL, Pangaribuan RD, Kando YE, Pane LR, Tuhumena JR. 2024. Species diversity of aquatic plants in Anggerper Swamp in Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4712-4721. The aquatic plants in Anggerper Swamp, Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia have never been studied, causing the development of their potential is still insufficient. This research aimed to identify species diversity of aquatic plants, through a species identification approach, Shannon-Weaver Species Diversity Index (H’), Evenness Index (E), Dominance Index (D), and Important Value Index (IVI). Two methods used in this study are cruising survey and purposive sampling method using transect quadrant. There are two research stations with 120 quadrants measuring 1 x 1m. This study successfully identified 14 aquatic plant species from 9 families. Moreover, the majority of these aquatic plants are known as emergent and introduced plants. In Station I, total individuals reached 6,531 with 10 species and in Station II reached 2,576 individuals with 12 species. The diversity index for both stations tends to moderate, 1.92 in Station I and 2.53 in Station II, successively. The evenness index is stable with high uniformity, where Station I is 0.83 and Station II is 0.95, respectively. The dominance index for both stations indicates low dominance (0.21 in Station I and 0.10 in Station II). The highest aquatic plants’ IVI belongs to Nymphaea nouchali (65.66%) and Urochloa mutica (63.16%).
Characterization of four varieties of Prunus L. from the Northern Iraq Region via phytochemical analysis using the GC-MS technique NOOR AL-TALAB; SHAYMAA M. HISHAM; RAGHAD M. ABDULLA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251033

Abstract

Abstract. Al-Talab N, Hisham SM, Abdulla RM. 2024. Characterization of four varieties of Prunus L. from the Northern Iraq Region via phytochemical analysis using the GC-MS technique. Biodiversitas 25: 3712-3719. Prunus L. is a widely distributed fruit-producing plant cultivated since ancient times. Their morphology resembles most of the world's well-known temperate fruit crops, classified as pome and stone. This comprehensive study employed chemical taxonomic indicators to analyze distinct varieties within the Prunus L. genus, focussing specifically on Prunus armeniaca L. (represented by the Sayeb and Canion varieties) and Prunus domestica L. (represented by the Songold and Freedom varieties). The study then isolated and identified the active chemical compounds through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The findings showed that the Sayeb variety of P. armeniaca was found to have high concentrations of hexadecanoic acid (11.31), dl-phenylephrine (6.08), and 6-Bis-dimethylaminomethyl (3.00). Similarly, the Canyon variety of cultivar of P. armeniaca exhibited high concentrations of eucalyptol (46.35), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (13.21), and 11-octadecenoic acid (11.12). (46.35), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (13.21), and 11-octadecenoic acid (11.12).(46.35), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (13.21), and 11-octadecenoic acid (11.12). The Sungold variety of P. domestica was found to have sixteen compounds, with eucalyptol (40.72), alpha-pinene (9.64), and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (8.31) being the major compounds. The Freedom variety of P. domestica was also analyzed, with eucalyptol (50.36), ?-pinene (11.27), and hexadecanoic acid (9.76) identified as the major compounds. These distinct differences in chemical composition and abundance among different compounds provide valuable insights and open up exciting possibilities for their use as distinctive traits to determine diversity in the Prunus genus.
Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis by lactic acid bacteria from seredele, a Balinese fermented soybean product PURWANINGTYAS KUSUMANINGSIH; YOGA DWI JATMIKO; I GUSTI AYU KUSUMAWATI; NI WAYAN NURSINI; IDA BAGUS AGUNG YOGESWARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251118

Abstract

Abstract. Kusumaningsih P, Jatmiko YD, Kusumawati IGA, Nursini NW, Yogeswara IBA. 2024. Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis by lactic acid bacteria from seredele, a Balinese fermented soybean product. Biodiversitas 25: 4190-4198. Seredele is a fermented Balinese soybean product that undergoes spontaneous fermentation for two days at room temperature. This fermented food, commonly consumed as a condiment, has a distinctive smell similar to Japanese natto. The bacterial dynamics during fermentation using a metagenomic approach have not been reported. This study aimed to reveal bacterial dynamics during seredele fermentation and to obtain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria from seredele. The bacterial dynamics of seredele were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were also isolated and screened for their ability to produce GABA. The metagenomics analysis showed that Weissella, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus are the most prevalent bacterial genera during fermentation. The relative abundance of bacteria at the species level indicates that W. confusa, W. paramesenteroides, E. faecium, S. lutetiensis, and E. durans are the most abundant bacteria at all stages of fermentation. Consistent with the metagenomic analysis, two strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum A7304 and Enterococcus lactis A7303, produced 60 mg/L and 65 mg/L of GABA, respectively, in de Man Rogosa (MRS) medium enriched with 1% monosodium glutamate (MSG). This work opens opportunities to understand the bacterial dynamics in seredele and its potential as a source of GABA-producing bacteria.
The female red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) reproductive investment stimulated by male attractiveness ASMORO LELONO; BERND RIEDSTRA; TON GROOTHUIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250714

Abstract

Abstract. Lelono A, Riedstra B, Groothuis T. 2024. The female red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) reproductive investment stimulated by male attractiveness. Biodiversitas 25: 2931-2936. To maximize their capacity for reproduction, mothers are expected to modify their investment in offspring based on the quality of their mates. A recent study showed that females in female-care only species do so by investing more in egg mass when mated with attractive males rather than in other reproductive traits. In our study, we investigated how red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) mothers invest in clutch production based on the size of the male's comb, a trait signaling attractiveness. We randomly paired 14 females with 14 males of either large or small combs and monitored their egg laying, clutch completion, and brood rearing. Following the initial clutch, we exchanged male partners and permitted females to establish up second generation. We found that females who were partnered with males who had bigger combs laid down their eggs earlier after pairing compared to those paired with males with smaller combs. However, there were no variations in egg mass or clutch size that we could find. Furthermore, the size of the male's comb influenced the growth and body condition of female chicks, with those sired by males with larger combs being heavier and in better condition at twenty-four weeks old. These data support the premise of the positive Differential Allocation (DA) hypothesis, where maternal investment varies with mate quality, rather than the negative DA, where females more investment in offspring from lower quality mates.
Characteristics and antibacterial potency of actinomycetes isolated from nypa palm litter RIKHSAN KURNIATUHADI; TRI RIMA SETYAWATI; ARI HEPI YANTI; ANNISA FADHILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250816

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniatuhadi R, Setyawati TR, Yanti AH, Fadhila A. 2024. Characteristics and antibacterial potency of actinomycetes isolated from nypa palm litter. Biodiversitas 25: 3449-3459. Actinomycetes are ubiquitous bacteria which are known to produce secondary metabolites with bioprospecting potential as antibacterial agents. This research aimed to qualitatively determine the density and diversity of this group, as well as the antibacterial potential of actinomycetes from nypa palm (Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurmb.) litter. Isolation was performed using the pretreatment pour plate method, which involved wet heat treatment using a selective starch casein agar (SCA) medium. Actinomycetes density was calculated using the standard plate count (SPC). The isolated microorganisms where characterized based on macroscopic, microscopic characters, and biochemical tests. Potential antibacterial activity against Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 was qualitatively assessed employing the cross-streak method. The results showed that actinomycetes accounted for 11% of the total bacterial density. Macroscopic screening of the isolates’ colony characteristics revealed the successful retrieval and culture of eight isolates. All isolates exhibited similar characteristics to those of the genus Pseudonocardia. Six out of the eight isolates, coded as TCN1, TCN2, TCN4, TCN5, TCN6, and TCN7, could inhibit the activity of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9, resulting in the formation of a clear zone surrounding of colonies. The six isolates of Pseudonocardia with antibacterial activity have the potential to be developed as feed additives for nypa palm worm aquaculture.
Diversity of bird-feeding guilds in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia FAIRUZ HUSNA; NURHAYATI NURHAYATI; MUFTI PETALA PATRIA; NURUL LAKSMI WINARNI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251156

Abstract

Abstract. Husna F, Nurhayati, Patria MP, Winarni NL. 2024. Diversity of bird-feeding guilds in Bukit Mas Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4572-4580. Birds are one of the essential components of the ecosystem. Like other organisms, birds provide significant services to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. Resource availability in different habitats may lead to differences in the composition of bird functional groups, such as feeding guilds. We conducted research to analyze differences between bird-feeding guilds of three habitats: residential areas, plantations, and forest edges. The research was conducted in Bukit Mas Village, Besitang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The village is one of the areas directly adjoining Gunung Leuser National Park. The observation was carried out from August to September 2023. Observation was conducted using the point-count method with a 100 m radius for 10 minutes. Sixteen observation points (150-200 m distance per point) were placed in residential areas and plantations, and eight observation points were placed in forest-edge. A total of 87 species and 1,703 individual birds were sighted within the observation, with the highest number found in residential habitats. The highest Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) is found in forest edge habitat (H’=3.25), followed by plantation (H’=3.17) and residential habitat (H’=2.86). Extrapolation using the iNEXT package shows higher diversity in forest edge as well. The most abundant feeding guild found in the residential habitat were omnivores, while the commonest feeding guild in the plantation habitat were insectivores. In the forest edge habitat, the most abundant feeding guild was insectivore-frugivores. The forest edge habitat also has different least common feeding guilds, having three least feeding guilds, including piscivores, granivores, and insectivore-piscivores. NMDS analysis shows a closer similarity between residential areas and plantations based on species richness and a closer similarity between plantation and forest edge based on feeding guilds. Our result shows a negative correlation between canopy coverage and several feeding guilds. However, the correlation between understory coverage and some feeding guilds shows positive results. It might occur due to the foraging behavior of some birds from particular guilds. The variety of resources and feeding guilds found in different habitats suggested the importance of these habitats and the need to manage them as a landscape for protecting bird diversity.

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