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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Development and validation of novel microsatellite markers of a potentially invasive fern Dicranopteris linearis var. linearis NURSHANARIAH BALKIS KAMARUDIN; MUSABBIHAH ABDUL AZIZ; AHMAD SOFIMAN OTHMAN; RUSLY ROSAZLINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260105

Abstract

Abstract. Kamarudin NB, Aziz MA, Othman AS, Rosazlina R. 2025. Development and validation of novel microsatellite markers of a potentially invasive fern Dicranopteris linearis var. linearis. Biodiversitas 26: 46-54. Dicranopteris linearis is a forked fern native to Peninsular Malaysia. Recently, it has been recognized for its invasive potential in the ecosystem of Peninsular Malaysia due to its abundance, rapid spread, aggressive growth pattern, and competition for resources available to other native plants and crops. Despite its abundance and invasive potential, little is known about the potential domination mechanism and influence of genetic diversity on its establishment. Addressing this knowledge gap requires population genetic analysis, yet the fern has limited genomic information and molecular markers available. Hence, we aimed to develop novel microsatellite markers from D. linearis var. linearis using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data for preliminary population genetic analysis. Our analysis identified 879 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), predominantly trinucleotide repeats (AAC/GTT). Out of 462 primer pairs designed, 20 were randomly selected for validation, leading to eight markers verified as polymorphic across 30 tested individuals from the Batu Ferringhi population. These markers showed a moderate level of genetic variation (Na= 3.5, He= 0.4884) between individuals. Furthermore, these markers achieved successful amplification in six related species with transferability rates between 75% and 100%. The SSR markers developed in this study can be applied for future population-level studies to ascertain factors that may be driving diversity that enables the survival, adaption, and domination of the potentially invasive fern and its related species in the ecosystem of Peninsular Malaysia.
Sex determination in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) based on head morphometry variation among age DEVIA YOANITA KURNIAWATI; YULIANNA PUSPITASARI; ADITYA YUDHANA; AMUNG LOGAM SAPUTRO; YENI DHAMAYANTI; AGUS PURNOMO; MUHAMMET BAYRAM; MUHAMMAD THOHAWI ELZIYAD PURNAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250847

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawati DY, Puspitasari Y, Yudhana A, Saputro AL, Dhamayanti Y, Purnomo A, Bayram M, Purnama MTE. 2024. Sex determination in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) based on head morphometry variation among age. Biodiversitas 25: 2740-2748. Sex determining of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is very crucial to increase the economic value during the rearing period. This study aimed to investigate the potential age at which Japanese quail sex may be recognized using head morphometry assessment. Forty-three quail in all were reared at random and labeled numbers until they turned fifty days old. Without considering sex into account, measurements of each quail's head morphometry and body weight were performed on days 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. Skull Length (SL), Cranial Length (CL), Viscerocranium Length (VL), Maximum Width of Neurocranium (MWN), Beak Width (BW), Zygomaticus Width (ZW), Skull Height (SH), and Bill Depth (BD) were the characteristics that were assessed. To categorize data according to age and sex, quail was verified on day 50 using observations of the abdominal cavity. As a result, initially, on day 20, considerable morphometric variations between male and female quail were observed for the morphometric parameters MWN, BW, ZW, and BD. It was reported that the male quail's MWN (p<0.001), BW (p<0.001), ZW (p<0.001), and BD (p<0.001) parameters were significantly wider than those of the females. A positive correlation was reported for SL, CL, VL, MWN, BW, ZW, SH, and BD parameters, despite the lack of significant differences in body weight. In conclusion, quail sex can be determined using head morphometry as early as 20 days of the rearing period.
Leaflet morphometric variation of Elatostema integrifolium, an Anoa forage plant, in Abdul Latief Forest Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia ISNA RASDIANAH AZIZ; ADE MUSPA; CUT MUTHIADIN; HAJRAH HAJRAH; DEVI ARMITA; MASRIANY MASRIANY; ZULKARNAIN ZULKARNAIN; SYARIF HIDAYAT AMRULLAH; ASWAR RUSTAM; DIRHAMZAH DIRHAMZAH; MUHAMMAD KHALIFAH MUSTAMI; DADAN SUPARDAN; DAVID SEGURA-SEQUEIRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251124

Abstract

Abstract. Aziz IR, Muspa A, Muthiadin C, Hajrah, Armita D, Masriany, Zulkarnain, Amrullah SH, Rustam A, Dirhamzah, Mustami MK, Supardan D, Segura-Sequeira D. 2024. Leaflet morphometric variation of Elatostema integrifolium, an Anoa forage plant, in Abdul Latief Forest Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4244-4252. Accurately identifying plant taxa is crucial for conservation efforts, and leaf characteristics play a vital role in this process. Elatostema integrifolium (D.Don) Wedd., a forage plant and primary food source for Anoa (Bubalus spp.), is a potential candidate for differentiation based on leaflet morphology. This study aimed to quantify the variation in morphological characteristics of E. integrifolium leaflets, investigate the distribution patterns of these traits, and assess the degree of morphological similarity between different locations in Abdul Latief Forest Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study employed a systematic sampling across three designated stations (Station I, Station II, and Station III) representing varying management functions within the park. Forty plants were collected from each station (n = 3), and 11 morphometric traits of their leaflets were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 29, with whisker-box plots generated for data visualization. Multivariate analysis, implemented in MATLAB® ver 9.14, incorporated a two-pronged approach. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was initially conducted using a subset of seven key morphological traits identified during exploratory analysis. Results revealed that variation within stations was significant for all the scored leaflet morphological traits. The distribution of morphological profiles of E. integrifolium across the investigated sites exhibits minimal segregation. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on morphological traits revealed a closer relationship between the leaflet characters observed in Station I and Station II, compared to their similarity with Station III. It is projected to enhance the precision of plant identification and taxonomy, deepen our comprehension of plant adaptation, and ultimately guide the formulation of focused conservation strategies for E. integrifolium populations.
Species composition and diversity along the elevational gradient of a low tropical hill in Teramuo Hill, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia TONGA NOWEG; JONGKAR GRINANG; JULIA NELSON; BRIDGETTE PHILIP; SELVANA EYRA FELIX; MEEKIONG KALU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250954

Abstract

Abstract. Noweg T, Grinang J, Nelson J, Philip B, Felix SE, Kalu M. 2024. Species composition and diversity along the elevational gradient of a low tropical hill in Teramuo Hill, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3320-3330. Numerous efforts have been made to study the diversity pattern of trees in Nature Reserves in the Bau District of Sarawak, Malaysia. However, studies on tree diversity along the elevational gradient in the district's low tropical hills still need to be completed. This study sought to evaluate the composition and diversity of tree species on a low tropical rainforest hill in the Bau District of Sarawak. The study's specific objectives include: (i). Identifying the species composition at different elevations and (ii). Measuring the species diversity and richness across different elevational gradients. The study site was Teramuo Hill, a 9.2-hectare local recreational area in Bau District, Sarawak, belonging to a Bidayuh village community. The hill encompasses three forest types (primary, secondary, and agroforest) and has suffered degradation from both human activity and natural causes. A total of 28 sampling sites were arranged in six vertical lines along the elevational gradient, with the lowest elevation being below 45 meters above sea level (m asl.) and the highest about 100 m asl.. The study found that the species composition and species types dominating at different elevations varied. A distinct pattern emerged in species diversity and richness across the elevational gradient. Between 61 and 75 m asl., the mid-elevation zones exhibited the highest species diversity. These results suggest that the main influences are ecological factors and habitat physical variability at different elevations. The findings are essential for understanding how minor elevation changes affect tree communities in tropical forest environments. This knowledge can assist in planning targeted conservation programs and dictate community priorities in the Bau District of Sarawak, Malaysia.
Curcuma roseobracteata sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Thailand and distribution notes on the recently described C. suraponii Boonma PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; SURAPON SAENSOUK; CHARUN MAKNOI; DANH DUC NGUYEN; THAWATPHONG BOONMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250807

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Maknoi C, Nguyen DD, Boonma T. 2024. Curcuma roseobracteata sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Thailand and distribution notes on the recently described C. suraponii Boonma. Biodiversitas 25: 3368-3375. Curcuma roseobracteata P. Saensouk, Saensouk, Maknoi & Boonma sp. nov., a newly identified species within the Curcuma subgenus Curcuma of the Zingiberaceae family, has been found in the northern and southwestern floristic regions of Thailand, distributed in Mae Hong Son, Tak, and Kanchanaburi Provinces. This new species shares similarities with C. rubrobracteata Škorni?ková, M. Sabu & Prasanthkumar, and C. suraponii Boonma, but differentiated by its lemon yellow rhizome; leaves base broadly cuneate to rounded, or cordate, abaxial surface with scattered hairs; thyrse oblong ovoid; fertile bracts obovate, rose pink with a pale green base; coma bracts inconspicuous, with 1-4 in number; bracteoles apex rounded with short mucronate; filament c. 3 × 6 mm; anther c. 8.5 × 3.5 mm; epigynous glands c. 4.5 mm long; ovary 2.5-3 × 2.5 mm. The new taxon is formally described here, detailing its morphological characteristics, vernacular name, ecology, phenology, and distribution, which includes updates on the presence of C. suraponii, previously recorded only in Tak Province, but now also observed in Mae Hong Son Province. The study includes an IUCN conservation assessment based on recent collections and presents a revised taxonomic key to differentiate the new species from its relatives.
Potential of Rhizopus delemar and Rhizopus microsporus as tempeh starters ANASTASIA T. HARTANTI; BAGAS CRISTANTO KURNIAWAN; AGUSTIN WYDIA GUNAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251120

Abstract

Abstract. Hartanti AT, Kurniawan BC, Gunawan AW. 2024. Potential of Rhizopus delemar and Rhizopus microsporus as tempeh starters. Biodiversitas 25: 4208-4214. The biodiversity of tempeh-associated Rhizopus in Indonesia has decreased due to the widespread use of commercial starters. This study aimed to conserve three pure Rhizopus strains (Rhizopus delemar ATH 53, R. microsporus ATH 1 and ATH 24) of tempeh starters and optimize their use in tempeh production. Using rice flour and Rhizopus spores at 106/mL concentration, tempeh starters were made and stored for up to 12 weeks, maintaining spore viability at 106/g with 7-14% water content. Tempeh production experiments utilized three starter doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g per 100 g soybeans) and three different incubation temperatures (27, 30, and 35°C), all of which successfully yielded tempeh. Sensory evaluations revealed that ATH 1 and ATH 53 starters were superior over ATH 24, which produced a distinct yellow tempeh that sporulated easily. It was also noted that 0.1 g of starter per 100 g of soybeans was sufficient for producing high-quality tempeh, offering an efficient use of starter. By successfully conserving these Rhizopus strains as viable tempeh starters for at least 12 weeks, results of present study demonstrate a promising approach to maintaining biodiversity in Indonesian tempeh production, paving the way for further exploration of traditional Rhizopus strains in tempeh making.
In vitro propagation of Eranthis longistipitata and its phytocomponent analysis ZHANAR E. AIMENOVA; ALIMZHAN D. MATCHANOV; SAYYORA SH. ABDIRAHIMOVA; RAHMAT S. ESANOV; AIDAR A. SUMBEMBAYEV; SHYNGISKAN E. DUISSEBAYEV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251116

Abstract

Abstract. Aimenova ZE, Matchanov AD, Abdirahimova SS, Esanov RS, Sumbembayev AA, Duissebayev SE. 2024. In vitro propagation of Eranthis longistipitata and its phytocomponent analysis. Biodiversitas 25: 4171-4178. Eranthis longistipitata is an endemic plant of Central Asia. The available literature indicates the great potential of Eranthis plants for use in various branches of pharmacology and medicine. The medical use of this plant is limited by its short flowering period and narrow range of growth. In this paper, we present the results of a study on the micropropagation of this species. As a result of the selection of the modification medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine, kinetin and Indolyl-3-butyric acid we obtained calluses from E. longistipitata. Since some of the most valuable biologically active substances in E. longistipitata are flavonoids such as rutin, isorhamnetin, and hyperoside, we investigated their presence in the calluses via High-performance liquid chromatography. The elemental composition was established for the first time via the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method, and the antioxidant activity was investigated via the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Toxicity was assessed via the brine shrimp assay. Extracts of E. longistipitata leaves, including those obtained with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, were prepared to investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. The elemental composition analysis of callus tissue revealed the presence of potassium at a concentration of 19.516 mg/10 g and sulfur at 17.802 mg/10 g, with no trace of heavy metal ions or toxic elements detected. The study of the antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts revealed that the ethanol extract presented the highest capacity at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The toxicity analysis of the leaf extracts revealed no toxicity toward the Artemia salina larvae used in the experiment.
Evaluation of doubled haploid rice lines for agronomic performance and resistance to bacterial leaf blight ISWARI SARASWATI DEWI; RATNA KARTIKA PUTRI; BAMBANG SAPTA PURWOKO; SITI YURIYAH; ISKANDAR LUBIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251127

Abstract

Abstract. Dewi IS, Putri RK, Purwoko BS, Yuriyah S, Lubis I. 2024. Evaluation of doubled haploid rice lines for agronomic performance and resistance to bacterial leaf blight. Biodiversitas 25: 4275-4283. The dynamic of climate change aggravates the adverse effect of biotic stress. The biotic stresses affecting rice fields include bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). This research evaluated the agronomic performance and resistance of doubled haploid (DH) rice lines against three dominant Xoo pathotypes in Indonesia (i.e., pathotype groups III, IV, and VIII). Nineteen rice genotypes consisting of 14 advanced DH lines, two commercial varieties (Ciherang and Inpari 18), and three BLB checks (IRBB-66 as resistant check, IR-64 and TN-1 as susceptible check) were assessed against three dominant Xoo pathotypes in Indonesia following the SES for rice from IRRI. Results indicated that 11 DH lines, except M-1, M-4, and M-14 had good agronomic traits, including productivity over 8 tons ha-1, significantly higher than Inpari 18. The varying severity of BLB was influenced considerably by pathotype, genotype, and pathotype-genotype interaction. The disease severity from each pathotype was relatively the same across two inoculation times (vegetative and generative phase). In both growth phases, all DH rice lines, except for M-5 and M-13 were categorized as resistant against pathotypes III and IV. These findings have practical implications for developing disease-resistant rice varieties, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the research.
Bacterial community profiles of leaves of wild and cultivated pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.) plants based on a metagenomic analysis EVRICK YONANTIKO; RIKA INDRI ASTUTI; SRI BUDIARTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250921

Abstract

Abstract. Yonantiko E, Astuti RI, Budiarti S. 2024. Bacterial community profiles of leaves of wild and cultivated pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.) plants based on a metagenomic analysis. Biodiversitas 25: 2996-3004. Recent studies show that fresh vegetables serve as hosts for diverse endophytic bacterial communities. In Indonesia, certain tropical plants are consumed fresh without cooking, which may raise concerns regarding human health and food safety. Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd. is a traditional food plant consumed fresh as a vegetable by the Sundanese people in Indonesia. This plant grows in the wild and can be cultivated in a standard plantation, thereby raising the question of the endophytic bacterial communities in both planting systems. Thus, this study aimed to profile the bacterial communities in wild and cultivated P. melastomoides via a metagenomic approach targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Data analysis revealed that the leaf samples collected from the cultivated plants exhibited the highest diversity, as indicated by the diversity indices of species richness based on Chao1 (0.0244), Shannon (0.0291), and species evenness based on Pielou (0.0282). The most abundant bacterial phyla identified were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In cultivated plants, the predominant endophytic bacteria included: Limosilactobacillus (5.38%), Escherichia/Shigella (4.96%), Bacillus (4.76%), Salmonella (3.57%), and Staphylococcus (3.57%). In contrast, certain genera of pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia/Shigella (15.59%), Bacillus (10.48%), Limosilactobacillus (9.00%), Salmonella (7.78%), and Listeria (5.94%), were dominant among the wild plants. The findings of pathogenic bacteria are dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, which play a role in the nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur cycles. The stable and consistent presence of endophytic bacteria in plant tissues provides opportunities for long-term studies for food safety and sustainable agricultural practice strategies. Further analysis should be conducted to confirm the virulence of these pathogens in both wild and cultivated P. melastomoides plants.
GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract on different parts of Ziziphus mauritiana LARBENNO PAULOI; RAFIDAH MD SALIM; LIEW KANG CHIANG; MURNI SUNDANG; NOR AZIZUN RUSDI; MANDY MAID; SHIRLEY MARYLINDA BAKANSING; JANSHAH MOKTAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251006

Abstract

Abstract. Pauloi L, Salmim RM, Chiang LK, Sundang M, Rusdi NA, Maid M, Bakansing SM, Moktar J. 2024. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract on different parts of Ziziphus mauritiana. Biodiversitas 25: 3442-3453. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., a tropical fruit-bearing tree commonly known as Bidara tree in Malaysia, has a long and rich history of use in traditional medicine. Cultures across the globe have utilized various parts of the plant, including its leaves, bark, fruit, and roots, to address a wide range of health issues, such as digestive disorders, skin conditions, and inflammatory ailments. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the bioactive compounds present in different parts of Z. mauritiana using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Ethanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves, bark, stem, root, and fruit of the plant, and their chemical compositions were meticulously analyzed. The GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse array of bioactive chemicals belonging to various chemical classes, including organic acids, esters, silanes, and thiodipropionates. Notably, many of these identified compounds have demonstrated promising antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in previous scientific studies. The presence of these bioactive substances provides scientific support for the traditional medicinal uses of Z. mauritiana and underscores its potential as a valuable source for developing novel therapeutic agents. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the individual bioactivities and potential synergistic effects of these compounds, paving the way for harnessing the full therapeutic potential of Z. mauritiana for improving human health and well-being.

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