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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Ecological perspective to sustainably manage the secondary forest in the lowland of Doberai Peninsula, Indonesia JONNI MARWA; ANTONI UNGIRWALU; CHRISTIAN SOLEMAN IMBURI; DONY ARISTONE DJITMAU; AGUSTINUS MURDJOKO; NITHANEL MIKAEL HENDRIK BENU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250845

Abstract

Abstract. Marwa J, Ungirwalu A, Imburi CS, Djitmau DA, Murdjoko A, Benu NMH. 2024. Ecological perspective to sustainably manage the secondary forest in the lowland of Doberai Peninsula, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2720-2732. This research aims to examine the composition of flora and fauna in secondary forests, with the aim of using the results to provide input for sustainable forest management. Suggestions for proper ecological management have been put forward, as they are crucial for preserving ecosystem functions and protecting species. We revealed that the identified area was a secondary forest with a composition of 225 species and 83 families of vegetation. The distribution was fairly uniform, encompassing 6 life forms: ferns, herbs, lianas, palms, shrubs, and trees. For fauna, the result indicated the presence of 10 species of mammalia, 37 species of aves, 6 species of reptiles, and 4 species of insects. The secondary forest still supports a high species richness of vegetation and fauna. These findings suggest that the secondary forest is undergoing a successional process in which various vegetation, particularly lianas and herbs, compete to gain more sunlight due to increased canopy openness. Forest management must optimize multi-factors, as in this research, and we suggest considering development and conservation, utilization of buffer zones, monitoring vegetation and animal breeding, and reforestation. The balance between development and conservation is critical, offering opportunities for sustainable practices and community involvement.
Fungi biodiversity during biorefinery of oil palm waste RORO KESUMANINGWATI; RUDY AGUNG NUGROHO; SURYA DARMA; FAHRUNSYAH FAHRUNSYAH; KRISHNA PURNAWAN CANDRA; ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI; SURIA DARMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251021

Abstract

Abstract. Kesumaningwati R, Nugroho RA, Darma S, Fahrunsyah, Candra KP, Hardi EH, Darma S. 2024. Fungi biodiversity during biorefinery of oil palm waste. Biodiversitas 25: 3596-3607. The rapidly growing palm oil industry faces significant waste management challenges that necessitate improvements in the biorefinery processes. This study aimed to determine the diversity of fungi during the biorefinery process of oil palm waste. An optimization study was conducted utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken experimental design. We examined four factors: the bioactivator, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), and the composting time in a 3 kg biorefinery system. The results revealed 16 and 21 types of fungi at the genus and species levels, respectively. The biodiversity indices, specifically the Simpson (D) and Shannon (H’), reflected shifts in fungal diversity throughout the biorefinery process. The indices at the genus level peaked in the middle of the biorefinery (day 24.5, indicating the highest diversity) with low (D=0.085-0.154) and medium (H’=1.992-2.671) values. On day 7, the compost temperature was 34.98°C, declining to 29.50 and 28.82°C on days 24.5 and 42, respectively. Aspergillaceae and Rhizopodaceae were the two dominant families involved in the composting process, with Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Rhizopus being the predominant genera. At the species level, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen., Aspergillus niger Tiegh., and Rhizopus sp. were fully engaged during the composting process. OPEFB concentration and composting time significantly influenced the compost C/N ratio, as did the interaction between composting time and the other two factors (EM4 volume and OPEFB). The optimal composting conditions were determined to be: EM4 volume of 15 mL, OPEFB at 30.895%, POME at 59.989%, and a composting time of seven days. The resulting compost exhibited a C/N ratio of 19.084, moisture content of 49.999%, C-organic content of 72.595%, N-total of 3.791%, and K-total of 5.867%, with a desirability of 77.6%.
Evaluating browsing damage to selected taxa in a trial plantation within the Lungmanis Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia RICHARD J. MAJAPUN; VIVIANNYE PAUL; MOHD. AMINUR FAIZ SUIS; EYEN KHOO; VERONICA S. GUANIH; PANG KAT NYEN KELVIN; CHEN THAU EN; MARIA AJIK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251016

Abstract

Abstract. Majapun RJ, Paul V, Suis MAF, Khoo E, Guanih VS, Kelvin PKN, En CT, Ajik M. 2024. Evaluating browsing damage to selected taxa in a trial plantation within the Lungmanis Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3540-3554. The study assessed the impact of wildlife pests on seven tree taxa, including Acacia crassicarpa, Eucalyptus pellita, Falcataria moluccana, Khaya ivorensis, Neolamarckia cadamba, Terminalia copelandii, and Swietenia macrophylla, in trial plantations within Sabah's Lungmanis Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Browsing damage was measured for all taxa at two time points (t1 and t2) using three indices (H-Index, S-Index, and PS-Index). The study revealed that E. pellita, A. crassicarpa, and K. ivorensis resisted browsing damage. At the same time, other species, such as N. cadamba and F. moluccana, suffered significant damage, with tree height losses between 50% and 70% due to wildlife pest activity. The study recorded high damage intensity for the PS-Index in the "Shooting" category. It also showed that subplot configurations with open (D) and fenced (A) plots exhibited similar levels of "Shooting," uncovering that some wildlife pests, like Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor (Kerr, 1792)) and pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)), were not entirely deterred by fencing and repeatedly browsed their preferred taxa. Additionally, N. cadamba was more susceptible to pest defoliators following the browsing damage than other taxa. The research highlights the limitations of fencing as a mitigation measure for wildlife-induced tree damage and underscores the need for a comprehensive wildlife management approach in forest plantations. This includes understanding wildlife behavior and human impact factors beyond population density and emphasizes the importance of species selection and plot configuration in managing wildlife-induced damage.
Effects of colchicine on polyploid induction, morphology, and yield components of several Thai rice varieties SUNTAREE SURSON; SUPHASIT SITTHAPHANIT; JAKKAPAT PRACHACHIT; THARADOL JITJAK; KHUMPANAT WONGKERSON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251204

Abstract

Abstract. Surson S, Sitthaphanti S, Prachachit J, Jitjak T, Wongkerson K. 2024. Effects of colchicine on polyploid induction, morphology, and yield components of several Thai rice varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 4677-4689. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a Thai staple food and is different from foreign rice in its characteristics. By producing polyploids, rice cultivation becomes resistant to unfavorable climatic conditions and produces good yields and good tastes. Inducing polyploidy can improve Thai rice. This research aimed to induce polyploid formation in Thai rice to be used as a breeding source for improving Thai polyploid rice in the future. This study created polyploids from 10 Thai rice varieties to test colchicine's impact on morphology and yield. Colchicine-treated rice plants were tested for polyploidy at 4 months of age using flow cytometry and awn seed characteristics. The results showed that colchicine treatment and varied exposure periods at 1 month of age significantly affected germination and abnormalities in rice varieties. Variations in rice varieties and exposure times resulted in varying morphological and yield component attributes at 3 months. All colchicine-treated rice types had 5-90% awn seeds. This study reveals that rice varieties and exposure durations affect the morphology and features of yield components. Awn seeds determined rice polyploidy, which varied by variety. Blackberry has the most awn-seed plants (90%), followed by Maejo 2 (60%), and Homnaka (60%).
Reproductive biology of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in Majene Waters, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia MUHAMMAD NUR; TENRIWARE TENRIWARE; SRI UTAMI; ADIARA FIRDHITA ALAM NASYRAH; RASTI SAPRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250902

Abstract

Abstract. Nur M, Tenriware, Utami S, Nasyrah AFA, Sapri R. 2024. Reproductive biology of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in Majene Waters, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2828-2835. Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a major global fishery resource and a target species in West Sulawesi Province. Therefore, this research aimed to examine various biological factors related to skipjack tuna, including sex ratio, Gonad Maturity Stage (GMS), Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), size at first maturity, and fecundity. The primary objective was to provide essential data that supported the sustainable management of skipjack tuna in Majene Waters located in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Fish samples were collected by fishermen using purse seine fishing gear and hand lines, and landed at Fish Landing Sites Majene. This research was carried out from July 2023 to February 2024, with analysis performed at the Fisheries Department Laboratory, Universitas Sulawesi Barat. The analysis stages included measuring fish total body length with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and weighing the body weight using a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.01 g. A total of 340 skipjack tuna were sampled, consisting of 192 males and 148 females, indicating a nearly balanced sex ratio. The spawning season appeared to extend throughout the year, with a peak spawning period from November to February. This analysis result found five levels of gonad maturity, including GMS I (immature), GMS II (maturing), GMS III (mature), and GMS IV (ripe and running), as well as GMS V (spent). The size at first maturity for males skipjack tuna was 400.2 mm, ranging from 386.6-402.3 mm. Meanwhile, the size at first maturity for females varied between 396.6 and 462.3 mm, averaging 420.2 mm. The reproductive potential of skipjack tuna was relatively high, with an average fecundity ranging from 203,377-739,820 eggs.
Harnessing the metabolites from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum for the discovery of eco-friendly antifoulants WALTER BALANSA; RIYANTI RIYANTI; MARIA A. PATRAS; KIRSTEN H. BALANSA; NOVRIYANDI HANIF; FRETS J. RIEUWPASSA; MARGARET HILL; TILL F. SCHÄBERLE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260411

Abstract

Abstract. Balansa W, Riyanti, Patras MA, Balansa KH, Hanif N, Rieuwpassa FJ, Hill M, Schäberle TF. 2025. Harnessing the metabolites from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum for the discovery of eco-friendly antifoulants. Biodiversitas 26: 1590-1606. Marine biofouling remains an unresolved issue in both the maritime industry and the marine environment, demanding the discovery of new eco-friendly antifoulants. This study aimed to evaluate the antifouling potential of the marine sponge, Melophlus sarasinorum (Thiele, 1899), through metabolomic, computational, and field studies. Seven compounds were dereplicated as sarasinosides A1-A3, D, L, M, and M2 (1-7) from extracts of M. sarasinorum from Kawaluso and Mahumu Islands. Molecular docking showed robust binding affinities for 1-7 (-8.2 to -9.6 kcal/mol), rivaling acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, synoxazolidinones A (8) and C (9), commercial antifoulants medetomidine/selektope® (12) and econea® (13) (-9.2, -9.3, -9.5, -9.3 kcal/mol, respectively) as well as the antifouling agents, seanin_211 (10) (-8.9 kcal/mol) and irgarol_1505 (11) (-5.5, -6.5 kcal/mol, respectively). The strong binding affinities of 1-7 suggest possible new allosteric interactions with AChE. The ANOVA test revealed a significant difference in biofouling growth (p<0.05) between nets pre-treated with 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3 sponge powder/epoxy mixture compared to other treatments, as confirmed by a post-hoc Duncan test. Notably, toxicity studies with EPI SuiteTM indicated that 1-7 had more eco-friendly toxicological parameters (i.e., low Log Kow, Log Koc, Biotransformation Half-life, and water solubility) compared to AChE inhibitors and commercial antifouling agents (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate the antifouling activity of sarasinosides (1-7), providing insight into the design of novel, eco-friendly antifoulants that warrant further investigation into their mode of action and optimization.
Growth rate and survival of hard coral Acropora sp. in turbid waters of the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia DEDI PARENDEN; CHAIR RANI; JAMALUDDIN JOMPA; WILLEM RENEMA; JEREMIAS RUMALA TUHUMENA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250943

Abstract

Abstract. Parenden D, Rani C, Jompa J, Renema W, Tuhumena JR. 2024. Growth rate and survival of hard coral Acropora sp. in turbid waters of the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3208-3216. Coral reef recovery is often done by utilizing coral reproduction or coral transplantation. The aim of this study was to observe the rate of coral growth, coral survival in turbid waters, and its relationship to environmental parameters. The method used is spider webs with coral fragments. The results of hard coral restoration research of the genus Acropora in turbid waters using web spider transplantation media showed that the growth rate of Acropora donei Veron & Wallace, 1984 and Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) in length was faster than in width. In contrast, Acropora muricate Linnaeus, 1758 corals grew in height and width equally. The observation from the three research stations revealed the growth rate is better at station three than at other stations. Coral survival of A. donei ranged from 69-86%, A. muricata ranged from 71-77%, and A. millepora ranged from 75-83%. Environmental parameters that characterize station 1 are high nitrate and phosphate, and station 2 is temperature, power of hydrogen (pH), low salinity, and high total dissolved solid. Station 3 was characterized by low chlorophyll, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen parameters. The biplot graph revealed that it is suspected that turbidity and total suspended solid are parameters that characterize the three research stations. Based on the regression analysis results, it can be seen that the water turbidity parameter does not significantly affect coral growth with p>0.05.
Isolation and potential evaluation of organophosphate-indigenous degrading fungi from Singolangu Farmland, Magetan, Indonesia PUJIATI PUJIATI; HERTANTI HERTANTI; R. BEKTI KISWARDIANTA; FATIMAH FATIMAH; RICO RAMADHAN; NI'MATUZAHROH NI'MATUZAHROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260118

Abstract

Abstract. Pujiati, Hertanti, Kiswardianta RB, Fatimah, Ramadhan R, Ni’matuzahroh. 2025. Isolation and potential evaluation of organophosphate-indigenous degrading fungi from Singolangu Farmland, Magetan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 157-168. Pesticide use is prevalent in Indonesian agriculture, especially in vegetable farming regions like Singolangu Hamlet, Sarangan Village, Plaosan, Magetan, East Java. While pesticides effectively control pests, their overuse and misuse have caused soil contamination, health disruptions, and decreased agricultural productivity. This study examines the potential of indigenous fungi from Singolangu to remediate soil polluted by organophosphate pesticides, specifically chlorpyrifos and profenofos. Twelve indigenous mold isolates were isolated and ex-situ bioaugmentation was performed with six treatments. The levels of N, P, K, pH, and organophosphate pesticide residues were analyzed. Aspergillus flavus was the most effective in bioremediation, achieving significant results within four weeks and displaying N, P, K, pH values of 101 ppm, 99 ppm, 306 ppm, and 6, respectively. The KPSK Formula (a mixture of all Fungi KPS1 to KPS12 ) which utilized a 12-isolate consortium, also showed significant results, with N, P, K, and pH values of 57 ppm, 59 ppm, 138 ppm, and 6, respectively. The control soil had 150 ppm of chlorpyrifos and 29 ppm of profenofos left over from the pesticides, but the bioremediation treatment KPS3 lowered these levels to 97 ppm of chlorpyrifos and 5.5 ppm of profenofos. This study indicates that indigenous fungi can efficiently degrade profenofos and chlorpyrifos pesticides, either individually or in consortium.
Diversity and ethnobotany of plants used as natural dye in traditional woven by local community in Belu District, Indonesia WILHELMINA SERAN; LUDJI MICHAEL RIWU KAHO; MAMIE ELSYANA PELLONDO’U; ASTIN ELISE MAU; YUSRATUL AINI; NORMAN P. L. B. RIWU KAHO; MUHAMAD SOIMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251141

Abstract

Abstract. Seran W, Kaho LMR, Pellondo’u ME, Mau AE, Aini Y, Kaho NPLBR, Soimin M. 2024. Diversity and ethnobotany of plants used as natural dye in traditional woven by local community in Belu Regency, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4415-4424. Natural dye plants used by indigenous people for coloring woven fabrics are considered an important and unique Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), especially in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which has high biodiversity and endemicity. This study is aimed to document the diversity, conservation status and ethnobotanical knowledge of dye-producing plant species used by local community in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. We used in-depth interviews with local weavers to collect data on plants used as natural dyes and observed the processes of extracting dyes and coloring the yarn. We documented 18 plant species used as dye for traditional tenun ikat (tied woven). The coloring process includes oiling the yarn, tying, measuring, dyeing, and drying, followed by weaving process. Stems and leaves are the most used part for producing dyes (each with 39%), followed by rhizomes (11%), fruits (6%) and roots (5%). Based on conservation status, only one species is conservation concern with status of endangered, i.e., Tectona grandis L.f., which produce purple and red colors. This study is useful as a record to preserve the rich ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of plants for coloring materials in the eastern region of Indonesia, and to raise awareness of the importance of documenting and conserving traditional plant-based practices.
Investigation of streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae) as a cause of popeye and hemorrhagic disease in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam NGUYEN BAO TRUNG; TU THANH DUNG; QUACH VAN CAO THI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250924

Abstract

Abstract. Trung NB, Dung TT, Thi QVC. 2024. Investigation of streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae) as a cause of popeye and hemorrhagic disease in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 3032-3040. Streptococcus iniae, is a dangerous pathogen that causes serious harm to several aquatic animals around the world. The current study aimed to isolate, characterize, and assess the pathogenicity of the Streptococcus iniae that causes popeye and hemorrhagic diseased nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Infected tilapia showed disorienting or lethargic swimming, exophthalmia (unilateral or bilateral), corneal opacity, and hemorrhages on the body, the operculum, and the abdomen of the fish. Upon internal examination, the diseased fish were found to have a pale liver, swollen kidney, and white or yellow fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. With the use of the API 20Strep Kit, conventional techniques, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total of 16 isolates were determined to be S. iniae. They are Gram-positive bacteria, cocci or streptococci, with ?-hemolysis and small, white, opalescent colonies on BHIA medium after 24-36 hours of incubation at 28ºC. The obtained challenge tests showed that both isolates of RPBT02 and RPHG36 were highly virulent to fish, with LD50 values determined to be 2.34×104 and 1.81×104 CFU/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the two isolates of RPHG36 and RPBT02 in this study contained the virulence gene phosphoglucomutase (pgm), one of the factors that make S. iniae enhance antibiotic resistance and phagocytosis of the immune system by the host. These results of the study are important information for finding effective ways to control this bacterium in tilapia in the future.

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