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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Occurement assessment of helminth parasites in Euthynnus affinis from Banten, Indonesia FORCEP RIO INDARYANTO; MOHAMMAD MUKHLIS KAMAL; NURLISA A. BUTET; RIDWAN AFFANDI; RISA TIURIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251235

Abstract

Abstract. Indaryanto FR, Kamal MK, Butet NA, Affandi R, Tiuria R. 2024. Occurement assessment of helminth parasites in Euthynnus affinis from Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4978-4985. As an economically valuable fish, Euthynnus affinis requires regular surveillance and assessment of the prevalence of helminth parasitic infestation in Banten waters, Indonesia. In the districts of Cituis-Tangerang (North Banten), Labuan-Pandeglang (West Banten), and Binuangeun-Lebak (South Banten) in the waters of Banten, E. affinis were collected in November 2023 to January 2024. Seven species of helminth parasitic were identified to infect E. affinis in Banten: Anisakis typica (intensity 1.17; prevalence 14.65%), Tentacularia sp. (intensity 1; prevalence 0.64%), Dinurus sp. (intensity 17.75; prevalence 7.64%), Didymozoid sp. (intensity 2.25; Prevalence 7.64%), Rhadinorhynchus sp. (intensity 24.86; prevalence 87.90%), and Acanthocephalus sp. (intensity 24.86; prevalence 87.90%) are the seven species of helminth parasitic that infect E. affinis in Banten. The overall prevalence of helminth parasitic infection was categorized as moderately prevalence (89.17%) with a moderate intensity (27.32). Despite severe infestations of distinct helminth parasitic species, the mean condition factor (K) values for parasitized and non-parasitized fish did not differ appreciably. Positive allometric growth was observed in both parasitized and non-parasitic fish. Helminth parasitic infection exceeding 80 individuals/fish significantly affects the Gonado Somatic Index (GSI). Fish measuring 25-30 cm in total length were found to be susceptible to helminth parasitic infection; however, there was no correlation between fish length and parasite abundance (r2 = 0.0223). Males had a higher infection rate compared to female fish. There was no statistically significant difference in the abundance of parasites across the three locations. The host's diet was found to affect the parasitic infection. The greatest diversity of parasite species was discovered in Labuan, West Banten.
Observation of Scleractinian juveniles' composition, distribution, and density in shallow waters of Kondang Merak Beach, Southern Malang, East Java, Indonesia ROSDIANTO ROSDIANTO; OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI; ANWAN RAHMAT ARDIANSYAH; M. AZUREA BAHRI LUTHFI; ANDIK ISDIANTO; DESY SETYONINGRUM; ARIEF SETYANTO; LISA NUR HIDAYAH; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; BERLANIA MAHARDIKA PUTRI; NOVAR KURNIA WARDANA; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250839

Abstract

Abstract. Rosdianto, Luthfi OM, Ardiansyah AR, Luthfi MAB, Isdianto A, Setyoningrum D, Setyanto A, Hidayah LN, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Wardana NK, Supriyadi. 2024. Observation of Scleractinian juveniles' composition, distribution, and density in shallow waters of Kondang Merak Beach, Southern Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2663-2668. Kondang Merak Waters, a habitat for various hard corals that grow in flat areas of intertidal reefs, serve as a crucial location for understanding the influence of juvenile corals on the dynamics of coral communities in shallow waters. The research was conducted in 2020 in Kondang Merak, which studied the composition and abundance of young corals on natural substrates on shallow reef flats and reef slopes. Quadrant transects measuring 1x1 m were deliberately placed to observe coral juveniles at two research stations. Quadrant transects are placed along a 100-meter line transect. Visible juvenile corals are counted and identified at the genus or species level. The six types of coral juveniles identified are Favites flexuosa, Goniastrea favulus, Goniastrea aspera, Porites lobata, Montipora digitata and Montipora foliosa. The overall density of juveniles is low, ranging from 0.01-0.08 colonies m-2, with the highest density belonging to F. flexuosa and the lowest belonging to M. foliosa. The six species found showed a clustered distribution pattern, except for two species, namely Goniastrea aspera and M. foliosa, which showed a uniform distribution pattern. Coral juveniles have specific strategies depending on biology and environmental factors. This study revealed the distribution and composition of coral juveniles in intertidal areas as representative of dynamic ecosystems in coastal areas.
Water quality and phytoplankton structure and functional classification in Tadlac Lake, Philippines MARY SHEENALYN P. RODIL; CLARISSE BANAAG; ELIJAH JAYRALD T. VELASCO; ERWIN P. ELAZEGUI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250851

Abstract

Abstract. Rodil MSP, Banaag C, Velasco EJT, Elazegui EP. 2024. Water quality and phytoplankton structure and functional classification in Tadlac Lake, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 2769-2782. Following the ban on aquaculture enforced from December 1999 to February 2000, the local government of Tadlac Lake, Philippines, is currently developing ecotourism projects in the lake. This necessitates the assessment of water quality and phytoplankton to ensure the sustainability of the lake, supporting both ecological preservation and visitor satisfaction. This present study unveils the current ecological condition of Tadlac Lake, while advancing knowledge of phytoplankton's responses to different environmental conditions and adaptation mechanisms through their functional classifications. Our study revealed that except for phosphate during the dry period, water quality parameters adhered to the standards for class C waters. Phytoplankton species are grouped into Phaeophyta, Cyanobacteria, and Chlorophyta. Bacillariophyceae was the most dominant class with 15 species. The persistent presence of Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Synedra affinis, Synedra tabulata, Achnanthes lanceolata, Navicula placentula, Neidium affine, Synechocystis aquatilis, Oscillatoria limosa, and Chlorococcum humicola indicate that the lake's recovery from past deterioration remains incomplete. Shannon-Weiner and Pielou evenness index suggested that the lake exhibits a state of light pollution. The Wilcoxon signed rank test reveals significant seasonal variations in environmental factors, including temperature, total dissolved solids, salinity, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphates, and total coliform counts, which directly impact the structure and functional classification of phytoplankton communities. Spearman correlation coefficients and canonical correspondence analysis further establish significant correlations between individual phytoplankton species and these environmental parameters, providing additional evidence. The results emphasize the need for seasonally tailored environmental management strategies.
Antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. against Fusarium sp. on intensive farmed striped catfish in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam QUACH VAN CAO THI; THANH TRAN; TRUONG QUOC TAT; TAN PHAT CHAU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250832

Abstract

Abstract. Thi QVC, Tran T, Tat TQ, Chau TP. 2024. Antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. against Fusarium sp. on intensive farmed striped catfish in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 2602-2611. Fungal diseases often appear and cause significant losses in aquaculture in Vietnam and many other countries around the world. Therefore, the study's objective was to identify and assess Bacillus's inhibitory action against Fusarium sp., which causes swollen swim bladder disease in striped catfish, in order to minimize the usage of antibiotics, which may be harmful to both human health and the environment. As a result, 34 strains of Bacillus were obtained from samples of sludge, pond water, and the intestines of intensively farmed Pangasius in Vinh Long Province of the Mekong Delta. Inhibitory activity of the fungal spores of isolated Bacillus isolates was performed using the diffusion well method. The findings revealed that twenty out of thirty-four bacterial strains exhibited spore inhibitory activity after 3 days of incubation at 30°C. Among them, six out of twenty bacterial strains had the strongest spore inhibitory activity, with inhibition diameters ranging from 15-23 mm. Additionally, six bacterial strains with strong spore inhibitory activity also secreted extracellular enzymes such as amylase, chitinase, cellulase, and protease. Sequencing results showed that strain BC11 had a 99.37% similarity to the reference Bacillus on GenBank. The findings of the study serve as the foundation for additional research into the production of probiotics to manage pathogenic fungus in striped catfish, which could provide a different approach to lowering the need for antibiotics in the future.
The potential of cold plasma technology for weed control in the pre-growth and post-growth phases ANWAR BUKHORI; DWI GUNTORO; SUDRADJAT SUDRADJAT; ANTO TRI SUGIARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251024

Abstract

Abstract. Bukhori A, Guntoro D, Sudradjat, Sugiarto AT. 2024. The potential of cold plasma technology for weed control in the pre-growth and post-growth phases. Biodiversitas 25: 3628-3636. Efforts to reduce the use of herbicides can be made by using cold plasma technology. This technology produces heat energy through the emission of UV plasma light, generated by electrical energy. This research investigates the potential of various cold plasma treatments to inhibit germination, inhibit the growth of weed seeds in soil media, and suppress weed growth. The study was conducted at the Ecotoxicology Laboratory and Seed Propagation Laboratory, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia, from March to September 2023. Three types of weeds used were Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson, Cyperus rotundus L., and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Three experiments were designed for this study. The first experiment tested cold plasma on weed seeds, the analysis was conducted using a single-factor completely randomized designed with varying doses of cold plasma and four replications. The second experiment tested cold plasma technology in soil media, the analysis was conducted using a single-factor completely randomized designed with various doses of cold plasma and seven replications. The third experiment tested cold plasma on the growth of each weed, the analysis was conducted using a single-factor randomized block design with various doses of cold plasma and four replications. The research shows that the application of cold plasma at a dose of 14 kV for 85 seconds can inhibit germination and weed growth in soil media of each type of weed A. gangetica, C. rotundus, and E. indica.
DNA barcoding of medaka fish Oryzias marmoratus in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi, Indonesia REZKI ASYA NUR; ANDI PARENRENGI; TUTY ARISURYANTI; HELMY WIDYASTUTI; IRMA ANDRIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251026

Abstract

Abstract. Nur RA, Parenrengi A, Arisuryanti T, Widyastuti H, Andriani I. 2024. DNA barcoding of medaka fish Oryzias marmoratus in Lake Towuti, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3645-3652. Oryzias marmoratus (Aurich, 1935), an endemic species of Lake Towuti, the second-largest lake in Indonesia, is facing a critical situation. Its population in nature is near threatened, as per the IUCN, necessitating immediate molecular studies such as DNA barcoding techniques. These studies are crucial to prevent a decline in the population of O. marmoratus. DNA barcoding is not just a tool for identification, monitoring, and protection but a call for genetic conservation. Therefore, the research was intended to identify the genetic variation of medaka fish. O. marmoratus was collected in Lake Towuti, and for DNA barcoding using primers, the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Medaka fish samples (n=8) were collected from fishermen. DNA was extracted, and nucleotides were sequenced using sequencing provider 1st Base. The sequences of DNA were analyzed using Bioedit, BLAST-N, Mega11, DnaSP, and Network programs to obtain a consensus sequence, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, phylogenetic, and haplotype network. The result showed that in the BLAST-N analysis, eight samples were closely related to O. marmoratus (LC154797.1) (AP005981.1) (94,42-99,84% in similarity). Genetic variation indicated a high value with a detailed 0.983 haplotype diversity, 0.026 a low nucleotide diversity, and six haplotypes; genetic distance with an average of 0.025 and 0.079. Phylogenetic analysis established five clades. Information on intraspecies genetic variation of O. marmoratus in terms of genetics, especially in Lake Towuti, is needed for genetic conservation and as an animal model of biology and molecular studies.
Spatial modeling of the use probability for Pig-nosed turtles (Carettochelys insculpta) in South Papua, Indonesia PURNAMA GRAHA; MIRZA D. KUSRINI; SYARTINILIA SYARTINILIA; RICHARD GATOT NUGROHO TRIANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250947

Abstract

Abstract. Graha P, Kusrini MD, Wijaya S, Triantoro RGN. 2024. Spatial modeling of the use probability for Pig-nosed turtles (Carettochelys insculpta) in South Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3246-3253. The uncontrolled use of natural resources can threaten species' survival and negatively impact ecosystems, potentially affecting the economy and its service to humans. One species that requires attention is the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay, 1886), the sole surviving member of the Carettochelyidae family and is only found in rivers of southern New Guinea and the northern regions of Australia. Pig-nosed turtles have been harvested intensively in Papua for their eggs and are considered vulnerable based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list assessment. Developing a spatial distribution model to determine the probability of use of C. insculpta priority areas is crucial to safeguard the essential areas necessary for its life cycle. This research utilized the Ecological Niche Modeling at The Metaland EcologyLab to assess use probability and identify potential conservation risks. Results of the probability of use model analysis in South Papua Province revealed that the region with the highest use probability of C. insculpta is Boven Digoel District, accounting for a significant land area of 496,019.61 hectares. In comparison, moderate use was noted in Asmat District, encompassing 921,830.76 hectares, whereas low use was recorded in the same regency, covering 695,466.10 hectares. The use probability was influenced by multiple factors, with the most significant contributions stemming from the occurrence of water (41%), distance from the settlement (21%), distance from road (14%), land cover (13%), river density (6%), and slope (5%).
Comparative investigation of biological indices and biochemical compounds of reproductive indicators in male and female Pangasius nasutus DONALD TORSABO; GABRIEL AROME ATAGUBA; BENEDICT TERKULA IBER; NOORDIYANA MAT NOORDIN; NURIZZATI IDRIS; IVAN CHONG CHU KOH; MUHAMMAD YAZED ABDUH; RUMEAIDA MAT PIAH; AMBOK BOLONG ABOL-MUNAFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250932

Abstract

Abstract. Torsabo D, Ataguba GA, Iber BT, Noordin NM, Idris N, Koh ICC, Abduh MY, Piah RM, Abol-Munafi AB. 2024. Comparative investigation of biological indices and biochemical compounds of reproductive indicators in male and female Pangasius nasutus. Biodiversitas 25: 3105-3115. Pangasius nasutus (Bleeker, 1863) is an emerging freshwater aquaculture species with known difficulties in the aspect of reproduction in captivity. This study examined biological, biochemical, and fatty acid profiles of P. nasutus obtained from cage culture systems in Pahang, Malaysia as indicators of sexual maturity. A total of 73 samples (43 females and 30 males) of fish were used to collect data on biological indices, biochemical composition, and fatty acid percentages. Otolith growth marks were examined and counted under a microscope for age determination. The results showed a female to male sex ratio of 1.5:1 and the age structure skewed towards three years old fish. The Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) was significantly high for females and with a significantly low difference in the Coelomic Fat Index (CFI) in comparison with the males. Protein and lipid were found to be highest in the testes of males and the liver of females respectively. Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) significantly differ between males and females in the liver and gonads, in addition to highest Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) also recorded in the gonads of 3 years fish. The current study reveals that P. nasutus reaches sexual maturity at a minimum age of 3 years, with an average body weight of 1099.27±21.5 g and an average total length of 48.36±0.45 cm. Significant differences between fatty acid groups highlight the need for lipid nutrition in the broodstock of P. nasutus for the supply of adequate energy and essential fatty acids for their gonad development.
Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizophora mucronata in Savu Sea Marine National Park, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia IHWAN IHWAN; ESTRI LARAS ARUMINGTYAS; CATUR RETNANINGDYAH; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251148

Abstract

Abstract. Ihwan, Arumningtyas EL, Retnaningdyah C, Hakim L. 2024. Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizophora mucronata in Savu Sea Marine National Park, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4498-4506. Mangroves, a crucial coastal ecosystem, play a crucial role in marine biodiversity and shoreline protection. This study investigates the phylogenetic patterns and haplotype analysis of Rhizophora mucronate, a key mangrove species, in the biodiverse Savu Sea Marine National Park within the Coral Triangle. We collected 30 R. mucronata samples from 15 mangrove populations in the park, including Sumba Island, Sabu Island, Rote Island, and Timor Island. The Maximum Likelihood-based phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed distinct genetic clusters, segregating populations into two primary clades: Indo-West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic East Pacific (AEP). Populations from the Sumba, Rote, Semau, Timor, and Sabu Islands primarily aligned with the IWP clade, while some samples exhibited unexpected clustering patterns, indicating potential unique genetic lineages. Notably, populations from Hambapraing and Tesabela showed closer genetic affinity to AEP and the outgroup species, respectively. Our subsequent haplotype analysis further unveiled a complex network of sequence-dependent populations, with notable haplotypes, such as Haplotype 2, showing widespread distribution across Sabu, Sumba, Rote, and Timor, and Haplotype 13 linking populations from Singapore, China, India, USA, Kenya, and Seychelles. These findings not only underscore the complexity of genetics but also highlight the importance of considering distinctive genetic patterns to unravel evolutionary relationships, thereby providing a solid foundation for future research and conservation initiatives.
Harmfulness of insects of the Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii) in Kazakhstan GULZHANAT TANABEKOVA; ASHAT TURSYNKULOV; ROMAN JASHENKO; LU ZHAOZHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250939

Abstract

Abstract. Tanabekova G, Tursynkulov A, Jashenko R, Zhaozhi L. 2024. Harmfulness of insects of the Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii) in Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 25: 3168-3178. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of harmfulness of insects commonly found in Sievers apple trees (Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem.) and to identify entomopathogenic nematodes in soil samples from apple orchards. In this regard, the insect pests of the Sievers apple tree are divided into six main complexes according to the degree of harmfulness of insects. The food specialization and feeding relationships of insects are extremely important in plant protection. In many cases, the development of pest control measures is impossible without an accurate accounting of their host plants and various pest populations. During the research, the Iley Alatau and Zhetysu Alatau were compared in terms of the occurrence of species and the number of species damaging the Sievers apple tree. According to our data, there are more than a hundred insects on the Sievers apple tree in these areas, of which only a few species are of operational importance: Cyd?a (Laspeyres?a) pomonella L?nnaeus, 1758; Arch?ps rosana Linnaeus, 1758; Archips crataegana Hübner, 1799; Yponomeuta mal?nellus Zeller, 1838; Yponomeuta padellus L?nnaeus, 1758; Graphol?ta molesta Busck, 1916; Aph?s pom? De Geer, 1773; Lep?dosaphes ulm? L?nnaeus, 1758; Haplothr?ps reuter? ?arny, 1907; Dasyneura mal? K?effer, 1904; St?gmella malella Sta?nton, 1854. Their damage is episodic and is confined to the periods of mass reproduction of these species. Additionally, soil samples from apple orchards in the foothill zone were analyzed for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. The study revealed the presence of nematodes of the genus Steinernema, suggesting potential for developing biological control strategies against insect pests in Sievers apple orchards.

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