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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 539   540   541   542   543 
Analysis of changes and criticality level of mangrove forest ecosystem as a basis for rehabilitation downstream of Poso Watershed Area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia RENDY AHMAD YANI; NAHARUDDIN NAHARUDDIN; BAU TOKNOK; ADAM MALIK; AKHBAR AKHBAR; SUDIRMAN DAENG MASSIRI; SAMSURIZAL M. SULEMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250940

Abstract

Abstract. Yani RA, Naharuddin N, Toknok B, Malik A, Akhbar A, Massiri SD, Suleman SM. 2024. Analysis of changes and criticality level of mangrove forest ecosystem as a basis for rehabilitation downstream of Poso Watershed Area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3179-3188. Effective mangrove forest management requires accurate data and information on changes and criticality levels within the ecosystem. This research aimed to assess changes and determine the criticality levels of mangroves using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a foundation for sustainable conservation and rehabilitation efforts. Multi-temporal satellite data was utilized to analyze mangrove forest cover changes between 2013 and 2023, while NDVI transformations were applied to evaluate forest vegetation density and criticality levels. The results identified five families and 11 mangrove species in the downstream Poso Watershed, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. These included Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. from the Avicenniaceae family, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume, Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob., Rhizophora apiculata Blume, Rhizophora mucronata Lam., and Rhizophora stylosa Griffith from the Rhizophoraceae family, Sonneratia alba Sm. from the Sonneratiaceae family, Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig and Xylocarpus rumphii (Kostel.) Mabb. from the Meliaceae family, and Nypa fruticans Wurmb from the Arecaceae family. The mangrove canopy density downstream of the Poso Watershed was categorized into dense (55,652 ha), moderate (56,863 ha), and rare (67,578 ha). The R. stylosa was the dominant species. The criticality assessment classified the mangrove forest as largely damaged, with a TSV1 value of 190 on a scale of 167-233. Severely damaged or very critical areas covered 35,836 ha (6.58%), damaged or critical areas encompassed 401,462 ha (73.68%), and 107,546 ha (19.74%) were classified as not damaged or not critical. The ecosystem damage was further assessed through vegetation density, with moderate density recorded at 1,259 trees/ha and rare density at 360 trees/ha. Monitoring these changes and criticality levels is essential for successful rehabilitation and demonstrates a strong commitment to sustainable conservation.
Gamma-ray irradiation alters the morphology, anatomy and agronomic characters of the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) bison cultivar in M1 generation NILAHAYATI NILAHAYATI; RD. SELVY HANDAYANI; NAZIMAH NAZIMAH; NENI NENI; DIMAS SAPUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251117

Abstract

Abstract. Nilahayati, Handayani RS, Nazimah, Neni, Saputra D. 2024. Gamma-ray irradiation alters the morphology, anatomy and agronomic characters of the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) bison cultivar in M1 generation. Biodiversitas 25: 4179-4189. Groundnut is the world's most important agricultural commodity, serving as a major source of protein and vegetable oil. Enhancing the genetic diversity of groundnuts is essential for improving yield, early maturity and environmental resistance such as drought tolerance. This study aims to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the morphological and agronomic diversity of bison groundnut cultivar in the M1 generation. Gamma irradiation was carried out at the Radiation Process Technology Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta. This research was designed using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design. The dose of gamma irradiation was 0 Gray (Gy), 100 Gy, 200 Gy, and 300 Gy, with three replications. Consequently, there were a total of 12 experimental units. We generated 600 groundnut plants in total. The observed variables included morphological diversity such as variation in leaf, stem, seed color and seed shape. The agronomic variability was recorded to the seed growth percentage, plant height, number of branches, flowering age, harvesting age, number of pods, number of empty pods, dry pod weight per plant, dry seed weight per plant, 100 seed weight per plot, dry seed weight per plot, length, width, and number of leaf stomata. The results showed that gamma irradiation treatment induced morphological and agronomic changes in the bison groundnut cultivar. Morphological changes included alterations in leaf color, pod shape, and seed coat color. Higher doses of gamma irradiation can negatively impact certain agronomic traits such as plant height and yield, beginning at 200 Gy, but at 100 Gy all parameters slightly increased. Higher dose of gamma irradiation also delayed the flowering and harvesting time. Further studies are also needed to evaluate the heritability of these traits in the M2 generation to ensure the stability of desirable traits.
Hunting for livelihoods by farmers in the lowland forests of Papua’s Bird’s Head Peninsula, Indonesia AGUSTINA YOHANA SETYARINI AROBAYA; JOHN R. M. APITULEY; AUGUST E. PATTISELANNO; GUN MARDIATMOKO; FREDDY PATTISELANNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260534

Abstract

Abstract. Arobaya AYS, Apituley JRM, Pattiselanno AE, Mardiatmoko G, Pattiselanno F. 2025. Hunting for livelihoods by farmers in the lowland forests of Papua’s Bird’s Head Peninsula, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2375-2382. Rural people in Indonesian Papua hunt on a part-time basis to supplement livelihoods. Although hunting plays an important role in local livelihood, the profile of hunters in Papua is not really well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine indigenous hunting practices across 11 villages of Tambrauw District on the lowland coast of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia. Data were collected from 1020 hunters to assess practices in supporting local livelihoods along the coast, and populated by small-scale farmers who currently produce food mainly for local consumption. Hunting was not typically the main source of revenue, because majority of hunters were employed full-time in another field, while performed alternate hunting for additional cash. The results showed that about 69% of respondents were farmers, hunting intermittently to gain extra income, with small plot holders hunting more frequently. Aims of hunting varies, with 49.02% of respondents hunting to supply market demand, 43.73% of respondents hunting for family consumption, and other estimated 7.26% reported hunting for cultural reasons and crop protection. Active hunting with spears, knives, bows, and arrows was the most common hunting practices, while hunting with guns, was the least used in the study villages. Hunting was mostly in primary forests (34.22%), with introduced species deer (37.25%) and wild pig (31.37%) being the most hunting target. Finally, hunter-farmers performed hunting to meet the requirement for an animal protein source to supply family consumption and the bushmeat market demand. Introduced species such as deer and wild pigs contribute significantly to the hunting practices in this study, because they have a higher economic value, with both meat and fat playing a crucial role in meeting the family animal protein need. Hunting patterns at the lowland coastal forests of the Bird’s Head Peninsula were similar to other tropical forest sites, to some degree had a significant impact on the hunting practices across the lowland coastal forests.
Amino acid profile and potential utilization purposes of albumin from four types of freshwater fish in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia NURFAIDAH NURFAIDAH; ANDI NOOR ASIKIN; KASMIATI KASMIATI; ANGRAENI ANGRAENI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251119

Abstract

Abstract. Nurfaidah, Asikin AN, Kasmiati, Angraeni. 2024. Amino acid profile and potential utilization purposes of albumin from four types of freshwater fish in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4199-4207. Albumin, a high-quality protein, is known for its complete amino acid profile, which is essential for numerous biological functions, including immune response and nutritional status maintenance. This study investigates the amino acid composition of albumin in four freshwater fish species commonly found in Indonesia: Cyprinus carpio, Pangasius pangasius, Channa striata, and Trichopodus trichopterus to asses their potential utilization in sustainable food resources and nutritional and health-related products. Albumin extraction was performed using homogenization and incubation techniques, followed by amino acid analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed the presence of 18 amino acids, including 9 essential and 9 non-essential amino acids. The most abundant amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, and lysine, with lysine being particularly noteworthy for its role in wound healing and protein synthesis. Significant variations in the amino acid composition were observed across the species, influenced by factors such as diet, habitat, and species-specific physiology. Pangasius pangasius exhibited the highest lysine content (12.01%), while C. carpio had the highest glutamic acid content (24.55%) of total amino acid. These findings suggest that the albumin from these freshwater fish species is a valuable source of high-quality protein, with potential applications in developing nutraceuticals, functional foods, and dietary supplements aimed at improving health and nutritional status. Importantly, the study highlights the potential of these fish species as a sustainable source of protein, contributing to food security and supporting the development of affordable, protein-rich products that can enhance public health while reducing the reliance on conventional livestock-based proteins. This study provides new insights into the amino acid composition of fish albumin from Indonesian freshwater species, contributing to the broader understanding of the nutritional value of local fish resources and their role in promoting sustainable food systems.
Fungal diversity for enhanced sugar production comparing rotting and non-rotting fungi in pretreatment of empty palm oil bunches INA MONICA FIRSTY; RATNA SETYANINGSIH; SRI SUGIWATI; ATANU KUMAR DAS; RONI MARYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260510

Abstract

Abstract. Firsty IM, Setyaningsih R, Sugiwati S, Das AK, Maryana R. 2025. Fungal diversity for enhanced sugar production comparing rotting and non-rotting fungi in pretreatment of empty palm oil bunches. Biodiversitas 26: 2117-2129. Empty Palm Oil Bunch (EPOB) is an abundant lignocellulosic biomass in Indonesia with significant potential for conversion into valuable products. This study explores various types of fungi in enhancing sugar production from EPOB. This study compared white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus) with non-white-rot fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma viride) to see the effect on lignin and cellulose content, as well as enzyme activities. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), this study optimized temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. Among the fungi, A. niger showed the best results for lignin removal (7.58 ± 1.5%) and cellulose increase (33.56 ± 0.00%). P. cinnabarinus had the highest laccase and MnP activities (9.26 and 123.81 U/mL), while A. niger produced the highest LiP activity (3276.8 U/mL). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a reduction in crystallinity in the pretreated samples. The best pretreatment conditions with A. niger were found to be 30°C, pH 5, and 7 g of EPOB, achieving the highest lignin removal (14.21 ± 0.50%). A. niger also led to the highest cellulose content (53.08%) at 25°C. Enzyme hydrolysis of A. niger-pretreated EPOB produced 1.09 g (36.30%) of reducing sugar after 48 h at 50°C. This study highlights how leveraging fungal diversity can optimize biomass pretreatment processes.
The prevalence of Rhizoctonia sp. and its impacts on growth and yields of upland paddy (Oryza sativa) planted under sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) agroforestry MUHAMMAD ALAM FIRMANSYAH; ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI HARTOYO; NURHENI WIJAYANTO; ERFIANI ERFIANI; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA; TEGUH JATI PURNAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260619

Abstract

Abstract. Firmansyah MA, Hartoyo APP, Wijayanto N, Erfiani, Jayanegara A, Purnama TJ. 2025. The prevalence of Rhizoctonia sp. and its impacts on growth and yields of upland paddy (Oryza sativa) planted under sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) agroforestry. Biodiversitas 26: 2746-2753. Agroforestry is a land management system that integrates trees and agricultural crops to optimize land use for generating socio-economic and ecosystem functions. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), a fast-growing species, can be effectively combined with upland paddy (Oryza sativa) under agroforestry system to enhance land productivity and environmental sustainability, but this system is not free from pests and diseases. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of disease caused by Rhizoctonia sp. on upland paddy and its impacts on the paddy growth and yields as well as the total biomass of sengon in an agroforestry system. The research employed a completely randomized factorial design with repeated measurements, consisting of two factors: Planting system (monoculture and agroforestry) and paddy varieties (Situpatenggang and IR64); each treatment with three replications. The findings indicated that paddy growth was broadly similar across all treatments, though the disease attack and intensity levels were pervasive and nearly uniform. The agroforestry system, particularly with a planting distance of 2 × 2 meters, increased 23.2% paddy grain weight, although it did not prevent the spread of the inoculated disease. The total sengon biomass was 16.95 Mg/ha, with a total carbon stock of 7.80 MgC/ha, highlighting the potential of agroforestry systems for carbon sequestration. These results suggest that agroforestry systems offer significant benefits for paddy yield and carbon stock; yet they require careful management of disease risks to optimize outcomes. Therefore, integrating sengon and paddy in agroforestry systems positively impacts paddy yields and contributes to environmental sustainability. These findings underscore the importance of agroforestry systems in balancing agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability despite the challenges posed by disease and shading.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan derived from slipper lobster (Thenus orientalis) RAHMAN KARNILA; BUSTARI HASAN; DIAN IRIANI; HARIFA SYAH PUTRA; MUHAMMAD FAUZI; ZULFARINA ZULFARINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251135

Abstract

Abstract. Karnila R, Hasan B, Iriani D, Putra HS, Fauzi M, Zulfarina. 2024. Preparation and characterization of chitosan derived from slipper lobster (Thenus orientalis). Biodiversitas 25: 4360-4369. Slipper lobster (Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793)) is a marine fishery commodity that can be utilized its large carapace (proportion >50%) to be converted into chitosan, but ideal, accurate and rapid characterization has not been developed in detecting chitosan and its derivatives as potential raw materials for nutraceuticals. In this study, the proportion and chemical composition of fan shrimp were analyzed, and the carapace of fan shrimp was determined for the degree of deacetylation of chitin and chitosan, then chitosan was evaluated for glycosidic chains using LCMS-MS from ESI sources. The method used was descriptive with 3 repetitions. The results showed that the largest proportion of the fan shrimp body was found in the carapace at 52.98%. The highest mineral content in the carapace is calcium at 752 mg/L and the lowest is phosphorus at 0.36 mg/L and higher than meat. The yield value of chitosan was 31.19% with a deacetylation degree of 80.15%. The glycosidic chain of chitosan has many amine groups from the structure of the compound 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Chitosamine and 2-(Aminomethyl)-N-(3-isopropyl octahydro [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyridine-6-il)-1 piperidinekar kotakamida which have high quality chitosan affinity, but there is a compound 5-Aminomethyl-2,4-Dihydro [1,2,4] Triazol-3-One Hydrochloride and N-[3-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-butyl] isoleucinamide hydrochloride which tends to be dissociated and cationized by HCl. Overall, these data suggest the glycosidic chain of slipper lobster has potential as a raw material for nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients.
Comprehensive assessment of Terebralia palustris populations in the Sayeung Calang River ecosystem, Aceh Jaya, Indonesia MUHAMMAD FAUZAN ISMA; SLAMET B. PRAYITNO; HAERUDDIN HAERUDDIN; MAX R. MUSKANANFOLA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260107

Abstract

Abstract. Isma MF, Prayitno SB, Haeruddin, Muskananfola MR. 2025. Comprehensive assessment of Terebralia palustris populations in the Sayeung Calang River ecosystem. Biodiversitas 26: 62-72. Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) a mangrove-dwelling gastropod, has a vast Indo-Pacific distribution spanning over 10,000 kilometers across diverse ecoregions. This study aimed to analyze population ecology and health conditions of T. palustris. Samples were collected from three sections of the Sayeung Calang River, Indonesia, using a 50 m line transect with 10 × 10 m plots and 1 × 1 m subplots. Density showed no significant variation (p > 0.05) with even distribution (<1). SL and SW morphometrics differed significantly (p < 0.05). Other morphometrics (SP, BWL, AW, AL, BW) showed no significant variation. The highest morphometric variation coefficient exceeded 40% (AW/SL). ST1 - ST2 and ST3 differentiation was primarily driven by SW/SL (34.31%), while ST1-ST4 and ST2 and ST3-ST4 differentiation was primarily driven by BW/SL (38.52 and 39.17%, respectively). PCA analysis identified SW/SL and SP/SL as the main morphometric characters (r = 0.44). Discriminant analysis indicated that AW/SL, AL/SL, SP/SL, and BWL/SL were most differentiated between sections. T. palustris exhibited an unimodal age distribution, suggesting disrupted health and severe competition, resulting in low adaptation (diversity coefficient: 20.44-38.04%). In conclusion, T. palustris in the area demonstrates distinct morphometric adaptations and distribution patterns, likely influenced by environmental conditions. Limited growth and adaptation capacity may result from intraspecific competition and habitat variability.
Diversity of bacterial isolates as biocontrol agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici IRWANDHI IRWANDHI; NUR PRIHATININGSIH; SILVA ABRAHAM; MUHSON ISRONI; RIZKA GITAMI SATIVA; NADIA NURANIYA KAMALUDDIN; FIQRIAH HANUM KHUMAIRAH; HARIS MAULANA; EMMA TRINURANI SOFYAN; TUALAR SIMARMATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251002

Abstract

Abstract. Irwandhi, Prihatiningsih N, Abraham S, Isroni M, Sativa RG, Kamaluddin NN, Khumairah FH, Maulana H, Sofyan ET, Simarmata T. 2024. Diversity of bacterial isolates as biocontrol agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Biodiversitas 25: 3403-3410. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a soil-borne pathogen causing fusarium wilt in tomato plants, leading to significant crop losses worldwide. The severity of this disease is likely to increase with climate change, as rising temperatures and soil salinization create more favorable conditions for the pathogen. This study focused on characterizing bacterial isolates that could become biocontrol agents resilient to climate stress and identifying them through molecular techniques. Biochemical assays assessed the bacteria's ability to fix nitrogen and produce protease enzymes, siderophores, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which are essential for antagonizing FOL. The biological efficacy of these isolates was determined through antagonism assays, followed by molecular identification of the most effective isolates. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, involving six bacterial isolates and a control group with four replications for each treatment. All six isolates demonstrated the ability to fix nitrogen and produce protease enzymes, siderophores, and HCN, successfully inhibiting the growth of FOL. Among these, isolate R18 exhibited the strongest inhibition zone (55.55%), significantly reducing the mycelium weight to 0.0417 g, and showed tolerance to both temperature and salinity stress. Through 16S rRNA sequencing molecular identification, R11 was identified as Bacillus megaterium, and R18 was identified as Bacillus albus. These results highlight the potential of these bacterial isolates, especially R18, as effective biocontrol agents for managing fusarium wilt in tomato plants under changing climate conditions.
Characterization and identification of potential cellulolytic bacteria for bio-degradation of durian shell waste in Mekong Delta, Vietnam TRUONG QUOC TAT; NGUYEN DUY KHANH; QUACH VAN CAO THI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251128

Abstract

Abstract. Tat TQ, Khanh ND, Thi QVC. 2024. Characterization and identification of potential cellulolytic bacteria for bio-degradation of durian shell waste in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 4284-4291. Microorganisms play crucial roles in the decomposition of plant biomass. This study aimed to isolate, screen, and identify potential mesophilic cellulose-degrading bacterial (CDB) strains from natural compost from durian shells (DS). Results revealed that a total of fifteen aerobic strains were isolated at 37°C, thirteen of which exhibited enzymatic degradation of cellulose, with cellulolytic index (CI) values ranging from 0.34 to 3.22. Five strains with CI values greater than 2.0 presented potential extracellular cellulase enzyme activity, with carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) at 0.18-0.31 U/mL and filter paper cellulase (FPase) at 0.03-0.19 U/mL. The DSC.03 and DSC.04 strains showed the highest CMCase and FPase activities, respectively. Subsequently, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis confirmed DSC.03 (PP851408.1) and DSC.04 (PP851410.1) isolates as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, respectively. The maximum bio-degradation percentages were 86.85% for filter paper and 48.72% for dry DS powder, which occurred in the mixed-culture treatment of the two selected strains after 15 days of incubation under shaking conditions at 150 rpm and 37°C. These findings indicate for the first time that natural durian shell compost contains potential cellulose-degrading bacterial communities with high extracellular enzyme-producing ability and active interactions with each other, which can be beneficial for the fermentation or composting of DS waste.

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