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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 545   546   547   548   549 
Characterizing the chemical composition and variations of several medicinal plant leaves using 1H NMR Spectroscopy HANAN ALMAHASHEER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251234

Abstract

Abstract. Almahasheer H. 2024. Characterizing the chemical composition and variations of several medicinal plant leaves using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Biodiversitas 25: 4971-4977. This study utilizes 1H NMR spectroscopy to characterize the chemical composition of nine medicinal plant leaves, focusing on spectral intensity differences across four distinct regions based on organic functional groups. The analysis revealed that the carbohydrate region (50-110 ppm) had the highest spectral intensity at 0.655374, indicating a predominant presence of cellulose. The aliphatic region (0-50 ppm) displayed an intensity of 0.222092, while the aromatic region (110-150 ppm) was lower at 0.047311. The carboxyl region (150-200 ppm) exhibited an intensity of 0.075224, reflecting lower concentrations of carboxyl compounds. Significant variations in chemical group ratios were observed among the samples. Circaea lutetiana exhibited the highest carbohydrate ratio (0.82), while Peganum harmala showed the lowest (0.48). Aromatic ratios were notably higher in P. harmala and Crataegus sp. (0.10) compared to Cassia senna and Ficus carica (0.01). Additionally, P. harmala had the highest aliphatic ratio (0.35), while C. senna exhibited the highest carboxyl ratio (0.12). The robust application of NMR spectroscopy enhances our understanding of phytochemical diversity. It highlights the diverse chemical profiles and potential functional adaptations of the studied plants, suggesting significant implications for their medicinal applications. This research aligns with Saudi Vision 2030, a vision that we, as a scientific community, seek to boost the agricultural sector’s role in the economy while encouraging sustainable practices and biodiversity conservation. By elucidating the molecular characteristics of these plants, we provide critical insights into their ecological roles and responses to environmental changes. Ultimately, this study advances sustainable resource management and fosters innovative applications in healthcare, nutrition, and the preservation of plant biodiversity in Saudi Arabia.
Diversity, bioactivity, and phytochemistry of endophytic fungi in various organs of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) mangrove SAKINAH SALMAN AHMAD NASUTION; ELFITA ELFITA; HARY WIDJAJANTI; FERLINAHAYATI FERLINAHAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251053

Abstract

Abstract. Nasution SSA, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Ferlinahayati. 2024. Diversity, bioactivity, and phytochemistry of endophytic fungi in various organs of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) mangrove. Biodiversitas 25: 3928-3942. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb), a traditional medicinal mangrove species, grows along the coastal areas of South Sumatra. This study explores the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem, frond, and mesocarp of N. fruticans. A total of eighteen fungal isolates were identified and tested for antioxidant and antibacterial activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the disk diffusion method. Phytochemical profiles of these isolates were analyzed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the isolates, Aspergillus niger (NfBa5, NfP7, and NfBu4), present in all organs, showed consistent antioxidant and antibacterial activities with similar major compounds across these isolates. Other endophytic fungi demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities compared to the host plant, highlighting their potential as promising sources of bioactive compounds. Despite some shared compound patterns, the fungal profiles differed from those of N. fruticans, underscoring the unique bioactive potential of endophytes. This study emphasizes the diversity of endophytic fungi in N. fruticans and reveals significant differences in their biological activities and phytochemical profiles compared to the host. These findings provide foundational insights for developing medicinal compounds from N. fruticans endophytic fungi for future pharmaceutical applications.
Comparing diatom diversity over three decades in the Brantas River, Malang, East Java, Indonesia M Iqbal Najib Fahmi; Susriyati Mahanal; Siti Zubaidah; Ibrohim Ibrohim
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260547

Abstract

Abstract. Fahmi MIN, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S, Ibrohim. 2025. Comparing diatom diversity over three decades in the Brantas River, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2519-2530. Diatoms are highly sensitive to environmental changes, making them reliable bioindicators. However, there is limited research on their long-term use in the Brantas River, Malang, Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the diatom diversity of the Brantas River, over three decades. This study was conducted at five observation stations during the dry season, and the results obtained from the comparison of species richness and diatom diversity index values revealed a significant downward trend at Stations II to V from the 1990s to the 2020s. Conversely, Station I exhibited relatively stable values for species richness and diatom diversity index. The results of the comparison of the density of genera and order for three decades showed the same results, with the genera Cocconies and the order Pennales being the most common species found. A meticulous examination of the prevalent species at the Station I consistently yielded analogous results over the course of three decades (Achnanthes lanceolata, Cocconeis placentula, and Nitzschia tryblionella). In contrast, Stations II to V exhibited fluctuations in the predominant species with each successive decade of observation. Based on the values of species richness, diversity index, and predominant species, it is suspected that there is a decrease in river water quality at Stations II to V from the 1990s to the 2020s, but not at Station I. This phenomenon may have been caused by environmental pollution and anthropogenic activities at Stations II-V. In contrast, Station I showed relatively the same water quality because it was located in a conservation area with minimal anthropogenic human activity. This study is limited to assessing water quality based on diatom diversity. Further research is needed to assess the physicochemical properties of the Brantas River in Malang.
Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) responses to human impact in Sabah, Malaysia JULIUS KODOH; CARMEN ADROS; NURASYIQIN AWANG SHAIRI; NORMAH AWANG BESAR; MOHD TAJUDDIN ABDULLAH; JEPHTE SOMPUD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251123

Abstract

Abstract. Kodoh J, Adros C, Shairi NA, Besar NA, Abdullah MT, Sompud J. 2024. Sunda pangolin responses to human impact in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 4233-4243. The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822), categorized as Critically Endangered, faces significant challenges due to human-driven threats, including poaching, habitat destruction, and illegal trade. The comprehensive impact of these factors remains underexplored, especially in specific locales such as the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) campus, Malaysia. This study, conducted from June to December 2023 within the Sustainable Forest Education Research Area (SFERA@UMS), evaluated the species' response to human disturbance through camera trap surveys. The investigation focused on how proximity to human settlements and noise pollution influence the distribution and behavior of M. javanica. Results from 1,647 camera-trap nights revealed that M. javanica demonstrated a preference for areas with reduced anthropogenic interference, shown by a weak yet significant positive correlation between greater distance from human settlements and pangolin presence (rs = 0.071**, p<0.001). Additionally, mean noise levels negatively impacted visitation frequency (rs = -0.075**, p<0.001), suggesting that noise pollution disrupts natural behaviors critical for survival, such as foraging. These results align with findings that wildlife, particularly species with secretive and nocturnal habits, tend to avoid regions with substantial human activity. The uneven spatial distribution of pangolins underscores the need for conservation initiatives that mitigate the adverse effects of human encroachment and noise pollution. Recommended actions include establishing buffer zones around critical habitats, enhancing public awareness, and employing technology for continuous monitoring. Integrating conservation strategies that address habitat quality, community involvement, and technological advancements is crucial for protecting M. javanica and supporting broader biodiversity efforts. These findings contribute to understanding the localized impacts of human activities on endangered species and highlight the importance of comprehensive, multi-faceted approaches for their conservation and habitat management.
Search for fungi with potential mycoparasitic activity on causal agents of rust. Doris Judith Luna Escalona; Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales; Armando Equihua-Martínez; Tomás Martínez-Trinidad; Andrés Quezada-Salinas; Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta; Jessica Solís-Ramírez; Abigail Jardines-Martínez; Matthew King; Roberto Noguez-Hernández; Ernestina Valadez-Moctezuma
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260615

Abstract

Climate change has increased the incidence and severity of damage related to phytopathogens in agricultural and forestry production, resulting in a loss of 10-15% of the global production of major crops and adding up to hundreds of billions of dollars of additional costs across both industries (Chatterjee et al., 2016). Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for 70% to 80% of these adverse effects (Savary et al., 2019). To reduce these losses, producers have resorted to the use of chemical fungicides for disease control, which has, in turn, favored the development of chemoresistance to these compounds in phytopathogens. Therefore, searching for alternative management strategies, such as using mycoparasitic fungi, is a crucial endeavor in the global effort to protect crops from phytopathogens. In this context, our research team used white rust as the disease agent in Chrysanthemum morifolium plants at the maximum level on the severity scale, with the afflicted leaf area ranging from 56 to 88%. After three months of treatment with Trichodema asperelloides TX19, a strain native to Mexico, demonstrated a reduction of 89% of the disease signs.
Screening of Lactobacillus from Noi chicken gut as potential probiotics against poultry pathogens NGUYEN PHUONG THUY; NGUYEN NGOC TRAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251054

Abstract

Abstract. Thuy NP, Trai NN. 2024. Screening of Lactobacillus from Noi chicken gut as potential probiotics against poultry pathogens. Biodiversitas 25: 3943-3952. This research investigated the potential of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Noi chickens as probiotics for poultry health. We focused on their ability to combat major poultry pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella sp. Thirty-two distinct Lactobacillus strains were successfully cultured from the digestive tracts of Noi chickens. Colony and cell morphology were diverse, confirming the presence of various Lactobacillus species. Biochemical tests further validated their identification. Antibacterial activity screening revealed two strains, LN11 and LN19, capable of inhibiting all three target pathogens. Thirteen isolates, LN5, LN7, LN8, LN9, LN10, LN11, LN12, LN13, LN14, LN16, LN17, LN18, LN19, LN21, LN26 displayed resistance to all four tested antibiotics: chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Key probiotic traits were assessed. Nine strains showed excellent acid tolerance, crucial for surviving the stomach's harsh environment. Ten strains demonstrated high tolerance to bile salts, essential for thriving in the intestine. LN19 exhibited particularly strong activity, highlighting its potential for probiotic development. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the promising isolate LN19 as Lactobacillus farciminis LN19. This study provides valuable insights into the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains from Noi chickens. The identification of L. farciminis LN19 with strong antibacterial activity and robust probiotic characteristics suggests its promise for enhancing poultry health and combating infectious diseases.
DNA barcoding and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as golden standards of authentication in Blumea balsamifera and Ehretia microphylla products ALYSSA MARIE A. LOLA; SAM DOMINIC A. BINAG; NIÑA KATHRYN G. ALFECHE; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260325

Abstract

Abstract. Lola AMA, Binag SDA, Alfeche NKG, Alejandro GJD. 2025. DNA barcoding and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as golden standards of authentication in Blumea balsamifera and Ehretia microphylla products. Biodiversitas 26: 1258-1270. In the Philippines, the Department of Health (DOH) has included Blumea balsamifera (sambong) and Ehretia microphylla (tsaang-gubat) among the top ten medicinal plants in the country. Sambong is known for treating urinary stones, while tsaang-gubat is used for helping increase the motility of intestines. Despite their known healing effects, there remains a lack of strict implementation for the approval of these products to be commercially available. This study aimed to employ DNA barcoding and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) by creating a Standard Reference Material (SRM) for both methods. Eight blindly selected sambong herbal medicinal products (HMPs), and six blindly selected tsaang-gubat HMPs are authenticated using the stated methods. DNA barcoding reveals that samples BB4 and EMP1 are cases of substitution for the products containing Oryza glaberrima and Cymbopogon citratus, respectively. HPLC analysis also reveals that all sambong derived HMPs contain quercetin, except for samples BB2, BB4, and BMP3, whereas for the tsaang-gubat herbal products, only sample EMP1 does not contain rosmarinic acid as its active compound. Dissidence in the results indicates that both protocols should be used in coordination as standard authentication tools to promote accuracy of the results and to provide safety to all the consumers. Furthermore, DNA barcoding authenticates the actual plant material used while HPLC checks the presence of active compounds.
Physicochemical and microbiological properties of fermented milk using lactic acid bacteria isolated from dangke SETIAWAN PUTRA SYAH; ANDI NURUL MUKHLISAH; WENY DWI NINGTIYAS; MUHAMMAD IRFAN; NASRIA ANANDA; ANNISA AMALIA; TASMIN TASMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251048

Abstract

Abstract. Syah SP, Mukhlisah AN, Ningtiyas WD, Irfan M, Ananda N, Amalia A, Tasmin. 2024. Physicochemical and microbiological properties of fermented milk using lactic acid bacteria isolated from dangke. Biodiversitas 25: 3876-3883. This study aimed to investigate the effect of milk and starter culture type (commercial and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from dangke). Two strains of LAB (Lactobacillus fermentum A323L and B111K) and commercial culture were tested for physicochemical and microbiological properties in milk fermentation. The results showed that the type of culture had a significant effect (p<0.05) on pH, titratable acidity, WHC, syneresis, viscosity, and total number of LAB, while the type of milk had a significant effect (p<0.05) on almost all variables, except for protein content and L* (lightness) of fermented milk. Two strains of LAB isolate from dangke produce pH values, titratable acidity, and viscosity that were relatively good compared to commercial cultures and even tended to be better, specifically in terms of the total number of LAB from fermented milk produced. Skimmed milk produced the best-fermented milk in terms of composition, color, pH value, acidity, and viscosity, but was not very good as a medium for LAB growth due to the low number of microbes compared to the other two types, specifically UHT (Ultra High Temperature) low-fat. However, the number of LAB in skimmed milk met the quality standards for fermented milk products. In conclusion, both strains of LAB isolated from dangke could be used as starter cultures in the manufacture of fermented milk with good physicochemical and microbiological properties.
Two new records of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) for the Flora of Myanmar PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; SURAPON SAENSOUK; THAWATPHONG BOONMA; WIN PAING OO; NYI MIN HTET; CHARUN MAKNOI; BHANUBONG BONGCHEEWIN; NYI NYI HTWAY; HEIN MYAT MINN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260147

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Boonma T, Oo WP, Htet NM, Maknoi C, Bongcheewin B, Htway NN, Minn HM. 2025. Two new records of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) for the Flora of Myanmar. Biodiversitas 26: 480-489. This study reported two new records of Boesenbergia for Myanmar: Boesenbergia meghalayensis Aishwarya & M.Sabu, found in Yangon Region, and B. siphonantha (King ex Baker) M.Sabu, Prasanthk. & Škorni?k., found in Kayin State and Mon State. The study aimed to confirm the presence of these species in Myanmar through comprehensive taxonomic analysis based on morphological observations of living specimens collected from their natural habitats. Additionally, to expand the known distribution of Boesenbergia and support ongoing efforts to document the region's rich botanical diversity. Morphological characteristics were analyzed using specimens from natural habitats and compared with taxonomic literature and herbarium records. This study confirmed the presence of B. meghalayensis in Yangon Region and B. siphonantha in Kayin and Mon States as new records for Myanmar, along with verifying B. plicata in the Bago Region. These findings expand the distribution of Boesenbergia in Myanmar, providing an updated checklist and emphasizing the importance of taxonomic research for conservation and preserving the country’s plant diversity.
Identification and production of indole-3-acetic acid by bacteria isolated from eco-enzymes V. IRENE MEITINIARTI; SRI KASMIYATI; EZRA EZRA; RULLY ADI NUGROHO; AGNA S. KRAVE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260112

Abstract

Abstract. Meitiniarti VI, Kasmiyati S, Nugroho RA, Krave AS. 2025. Identification and production of indole-3-acetic acid by bacteria isolated from eco-enzymes. Biodiversitas 26: 111-117. Phytohormone-producing microorganisms are an essential component of biofertilizers. One example of a phytohormone is Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). IAA-producing microorganisms can be originated from various habitats. In this study, IAA-producing bacteria will be isolated from eco-enzyme, a liquid-fermented organic material rich in benefits and contains numerous microorganisms and IAA. The research involves processes of isolation, detection of cell and IAA production, and molecular identification. Through the processes of isolation and purification, 14 bacterial isolates were obtained. After testing their ability to produce IAA using a medium containing L-tryptophan and Salkowski's reagent, only 11 isolates were found to produce IAA. The DNA of these 11 isolates was isolated, amplified, sequenced, and identified through molecular analysis. The nucleotide sequences of these 11 bacterial isolates have been registered in the gene bank and assigned accession numbers PQ095569 to PQ095579. Based on alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis, the 11 isolates were grouped into three categories: the Bacillus group, consisting of Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Priestia megaterium, and Paenibacillus sp.; lactic acid bacteria, including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; and vibrio-shaped bacteria, including Vibrio sp. and Vibrio diazotrophicus. The Bacillus group (including Paenibacillus megaterium) could produce high levels of IAA. However, among the members of this group, P. megaterium exhibited the highest cell production capability and IAA production, with values of 2982.208 mg·L?¹ and 35.49 mg·L?¹, respectively. This high growth ability and IAA production make P. megaterium a promising candidate as an inoculum for use as a PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium).

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