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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Species diversity of brackish water fishes and their associated endoparasites from the Tamala Fish Sanctuary of Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines ALLYSSA MARIE A. CALDERON; LADY JANE G. MORILLA; LEONARDO A. ESTAÑO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251210

Abstract

Abstract. Calderon AMA, Morilla LJG, Estaño LA. 2024. Species diversity of brackish water fishes and their associated endoparasites from the Tamala Fish Sanctuary of Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 4745-4755. Fish plays a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem and is integral to human nutrition and food security. The survey of brackish water fishes and its associated endoparasites in Tamala Fish Sanctuary, Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines, was carried out in August 2023 in three coastal barangays of Taguitic, Margos, and Lapinig. A total of 174 individuals belonging to 5 families were collected, comprising six species: Chanos chanos, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Glossogobius giuris, Mugil cephalus, and Ambassis nalua. Among the recorded species, M. cephalus harbors the highest abundance (35.63%) and can be found in all three sites, while O. mossambicus is the least abundant (2.87%) and is restricted to only one site. Endoparasites in these fish species, comprising nematode, trematode metacercariae, and Acanthogyrus sp., were also recovered in this study. The prevalence of infection is reported to be highest in Barangay Taguitic (42.86%), followed by Margos (25.45%) and Lapinig (10.48%). Among the species, C. chanos (35.71%) recorded the highest infection rate, followed by G. giuris (29.73%), O. niloticus (26.09%), and M. cephalus (1.61%). In contrast, two species, O. mossambicus and A. nalua, were not infected with endoparasites. Adult species (24.74%) also exhibit the highest prevalence rate compared to juveniles (9.09%). In terms of intensity, Lapinig (7.64±0.23) has the highest value in the site, followed by Margos (1.5±0.10), then Taguitic (1.4±0.17). With regards to species, G. giuris harbors the highest mean intensity (7.82±0.62), followed by C. chanos (1.6±0.17), O. niloticus (1.42±0.10), and M. cephalus (1±0.02). Furthermore, adult fish species (4.33±0.25) exhibit higher mean intensity than juveniles (1.41±0.04). The mean intensity per site, species, and age were significant (p<0.05). Endoparasites in these brackish water fish hosts are an excellent biological indicator in aquatic ecosystems. This study provides baseline data for further investigation on fish species diversity and its endoparasites in the area.
Diversity and utilization of plants in kelekak agroforestry in Air Mesu Village, Central Bangka District, Indonesia AGUS HIKMAT; ERVIZAL A. M. ZUHUD; PRIMADHIKA AL MANAR; RADIL WILYAN; IKRAM KURNIA MUNGGARAN; SYAMSUL HIDAYAT; ROBIKA ROBIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260309

Abstract

Abstract. Hikmat A, Zuhud EAM, Al-Manar P, Wilyan R, Munggaran IK, Hidayat S, Robika. 2025. Diversity and utilization of plants in kelekak agroforestry in Air Mesu Village, Central Bangka District, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1105-1113. Kelekak is a traditional agroforestry system practiced in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia which holds important ecological, economic and socio-cultural roles. Despite its importance, the existence of kelekak in these islands is increasingly pressured by land use changes due to the conversion to oil palm plantation and tin mines. This research aims to identify plant species found in kelekak agroforestry in Air Mesu Village, Central Bangka District and their utilization based on ethnobotanical information. The research was conducted using the interview method to 30 selected respondents. This study documented 87 plant species from 45 families found in kelekak with various types of use including for food, medicine, building materials, and firewood. The majority of plants are utilized to produce food, highlighting the importance of kelekak in sustaining local food security. Five plant species are identified to have a high Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), namely durian (Durio zibethinus), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), coconut (Cocos nucifera), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and cempedak (Artocarpus integer). The existence of kelekak is very important in supporting various needs of local community in Air Mesu Village.
Identification and characterization of corn plants for downy mildew resistance in North Sumatra, Indonesia DIANA SOFIA HANAFIAH; SYAMSAFITRI SYAMSAFITRI; MARIATI MARIATI; CHAIRANI HANUM; MUHDI MUHDI; GALI RAKASIWI; M. HAFAZH ABDURRAHMAN; M. AMIN NUR; DINA SAHTIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260511

Abstract

Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Syamsafitri, Mariati, Hanum C, Muhdi, Rakasiwi G, Abdurrahman MH, Nur MA, Sahtika D. 2025. Identification and characterization of corn plants for downy mildew resistance in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2130-2138. The collection of germplasm determines the success of variety assembly. The genetic material contained in the germplasm has a strategic meaning in the assembly or improvement of varieties. This study aims to identify the kinship between morphological characteristics of individual corn plants. This study was conducted in Karo and Dairi Districts, North Sumatra, Indonesia from July-August 2024. Identification and plant characterization are carried out to preserve germplasm, which is the initial stage in breeding activities, especially in local germplasm. Characterization was carried out on corn genotypes in several villages in two districts in North Sumatra. The survey method used plant descriptors from the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV) guide with a purposive method for determining the location and sampling technique. A total of 26 corn plant cultivars were studied. The result showed that based on the cluster method (grouping) of morphological characteristics, 3 groups were formed. The differences include stem color, leaf angle and ear tip shape. The closest cultivars are cultivars 14 and 16 from Kuta Tengah Village, Siempat Nempu Hulu Sub-district. The results of the characterization and identification of corn plants did not find any downy mildew attacks in Karo and Dairi Districts. The implication of this research is information on the diversity of corn germplasm and for the next stage the utilization of germplasm for corn plant breeding programs in North Sumatra.
Medicinal plants used for menstrual regulators and pain relievers in Tumiang Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia RUQIAH GANDA PUTRI PANJAITAN; KHAIRUNNISA KHAIRUNNISA; TITIN TITIN; DIAN AKBARINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251216

Abstract

Abstract. Panjaitan RGP, Khairunnisa, Titin, Akbarini D. 2024. Medicinal plants used for menstrual regulators and pain relievers in Tumiang Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4796-4805. The use of medicinal plants for traditional treatment is a common practice in various rural areas in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to create an inventory of medicinal plants used as menstrual regulators and pain relievers by the community in Tumiang Village, Samalantan Sub-district, Bengkayang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative method with triangulation techniques, and data collection was conducted with interviews, observations, and documentation by involving 11 informants. The results showed that a total of 15 plants were used as menstrual regulators and pain relievers by the community of Tumiang Village. These included korongan (Ricinus communis), marampayo (Croton hirtus), kakompo (Limnophila rugosa), sarat saribu (Lygodium microphyllum), antidur (Phyllanthus urinaria), ganda rusa (Phaleria macrocarpa), ahiak (Zingiber officinale), cakur (Kaempferia galanga), unyit (Curcuma longa), tamulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), matsoe (Perilla frutescens), karaoke (Piper betle), kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus), asam jawa (Tamarindus indica), and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa). In addition, 2 plants, namely pinang (Areca catechu) and saring kuyang (Zingiber purpureum), were specifically used only as menstrual pain relievers. The results of the study highlight the unique role of the Zingiberaceae family is the most commonly utilized, with leaves being the most frequently used plant part, and the most prevalent processing method being boiling. This research underscores the significance of these plants in the health of the local community and their potential for further scientific exploration.
Drought resistance testing of several local rice genotypes based on morphological and molecular markers LAILA NAZIRAH; JAMILAH JAMILAH; HALIM AKBAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260319

Abstract

Abstract. Nazirah L, Jamilah, Akbar H. 2025. Drought resistance testing of several local rice genotypes based on morphological and molecular markers. Biodiversitas 26: 1202-1210. Drought is a major challenge in rice cultivation, leading to reduced productivity. Therefore, it is essential to develop drought-resistant rice varieties. This study aimed to assess rice genotypes' morphological and molecular characteristics to identify potential parental lines with drought-resistant traits. The experiment was conducted across two seasons under optimal and minimal watering, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Seven genotypes were evaluated (i) Unsyiah Cakep (UC77); (ii) Unsyiah Seumeulu (US20); (iii) Cot Bada (CBD08, CBD04); (iv) Sigunca (SG02); (v) Sigupai (UA12); and (vi) Rajasa. Molecular analysis utilized SSR markers RM38, RM6130, and RM5423. The results revealed a significant genotype-by-environment interaction (p<0.01) for yield traits. Optimal watering enhanced productivity compared to minimal watering in both seasons. Productivity correlated positively with the number of productive tillers, panicle length, and filled grains in both environments. Under optimal watering, it was also correlated with 1000-grain weight, whereas under minimal watering, it correlated with total grain number. Heritability values ranged from moderate to high. MGIDI-based selection identified UC77, SG02, and UA12 as promising genotypes. GGE biplot analysis indicated UC77 was best suited for the rainy season, while SG02, UA12, and CBD08 performed well under minimal watering in the dry season. Based on molecular analysis, RM38 and RM6130 were highly informative for distinguishing between the tested genotypes. A dendrogram presented genotypes UA12 and UC77which exhibited the lowest genetic similarity, showing potential for breeding high-yielding and drought-tolerant rice varieties.
Assessing the climatic impacts on abundance of Mansonia annulifera, Ma. indiana, and Ma. uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Thailand ARINA ABDULLOH; TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA; SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251209

Abstract

Abstract. Abdulloh A, Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2024. Assessing the climatic impacts on abundance of Mansonia annulifera, Ma. indiana, and Ma. uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4736-4744. Mansonia mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors for transmitting filarial nematodes, including Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti, which cause lymphatic filariasis in humans. In this study, we used a Poisson regression model to evaluate the impact of climatic variables atmospheric pressure, rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed on the abundance of three Mansonia mosquito species, including Ma. annulifera, Ma. indiana, and Ma. uniformis in Central Thailand. Over the period from November 2021 to October 2022, we collected the mosquitoes in three villages: Rua Village, Wat Khok Ket Village, and Khlong Bang Kae Village using BG-Pro CDC-style traps equipped with dry ice, BG-lure, and an ultraviolet light system, operating from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM for three consecutive days each month. Our analysis revealed significant associations between several climatic factors and mosquito abundance. For Ma. annulifera, each unit increase in temperature and relative humidity significantly increased mosquito abundance by 83.2% and 16.2%, respectively (p<0.05). In contrast, increases in wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall correspondingly decreased abundance by 57.6%, 10.3%, and 0.7% (p<0.05). For Ma. indiana, rises in temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall notably increased mosquito counts by 119.3%, 30.1%, and 0.6%, respectively (p<0.05). Conversely, an increase in wind speed led to a significant reduction of 43.2% (p<0.05). In the case of Ma. uniformis, temperature, and rainfall positively influenced mosquito abundance by 114.5% and 0.7%, respectively (p<0.05), while a rise in relative humidity resulted in a 3% reduction (p<0.05). These findings have significant practical implications, providing crucial insights into predicting future shifts in mosquito populations in response to climatic changes, thereby empowering the surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases in this region.
Morphology and phytochemical potential of Vaccinium varingiifolium in Mount Lawu, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia EFRI ROZIATY; SANTHYAMI SANTHYAMI; PUTRI AGUSTINA; IMA ARYANI; MUHAMMAD ASYAM FATHIN; SALSA ANIDA RAHMANIA; MUHAMMAD YAHYA NUR SHOLIHIN; DAWUD FA'I SALSABILLA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260712

Abstract

Abstract. Roziaty E, Santhyami, Agustina P, Aryani I, Fathin MA, Rahmania SA, Sholihin MYN, Salsabilla DF. 2025. Morphology and phytochemical potential of Vaccinium varingiifolium in Mount Lawu, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3209-3217. Vaccinium varingiifolium, commonly known as Cantigi, is a subalpine shrub endemic to high-altitude ecosystems above 2,000 meters. Mount Lawu, located in Central Java, Indonesia, represents one of its key habitats. Despite its ecological relevance, the species remains underexplored, particularly in terms of its morphological and phytochemical traits. This study aimed to characterize the morphological features and phytochemical composition of V. varingiifolium to understand its adaptive strategies and ecological role better. A combination of qualitative and quantitative exploratory approaches was employed, using purposive sampling. Morphological assessments, including microscopic examinations, were conducted on stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Phytochemical screening using spectrophotometry targeted secondary metabolites, while ecological observations assessed environmental factors influencing adaptation. Morphological characterization of V. varingiifolium in Lawu Mountains revealed that young leaves are purplish-red, turning green with increased tissue density upon maturation. Stems are brown, globular, and lignified. Flowers are purplish-red, bell-shaped (campanulate), and axillary in position. Fruits are oval (5-6 mm in diameter), transitioning from green to black as they ripen. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins, compounds known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. The plant thrives at elevations of 2,900-3,100 meters, where higher temperatures facilitate rapid regeneration. These findings provide important insights into the morphological adaptations and chemical defenses of V. varingiifolium, supporting conservation initiatives and enriching our understanding of plant survival mechanisms in subalpine environments, particularly in the context of climate change.
Association and distribution patterns of nipah (Nypa fruticans) in a degraded protected mangrove forest SYAIFUL EDDY; NORIL MILANTARA; ANDI ARIF SETIAWAN; MIRNA TAUFIK; DEWI ROSANTI; SHAREN ANALIA DWINA PUTRI; RAHMAWATI RAHMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251151

Abstract

Abstract. Eddy S, Milantara N, Setiawan AA, Taufik M, Rosanti D, Putri SAD, Rahmawati. 2024. Association and distribution patterns of nipah (Nypa fruticans) in a degraded protected mangrove forest. Biodiversitas 25: 4525-4534. The invasion of nipah (Nypa fruticans) serves as an indicator of mangrove forest degradation that has occurred globally, impacting biodiversity. Therefore, understanding the population dynamics of nipah is essential for controlling its growth. This study aims to classify land cover types in the Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF), analyze the association of nipah with other plants, and examine its distribution patterns. We employed a descriptive research method, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for land cover change analysis, alongside field surveys to collect data on plant species associated with nipah. Drone photography was used to document nipah populations across various land cover types. Our findings revealed four land cover types in ATPF: primary forest, secondary forest, open area (shrub), and plantation, with 29 plant species associated with nipah. Nipah has spread across various land cover types through multiple mechanisms. We estimate that nipah will dominate nearly all degraded areas of ATPF and hinder the succession process if restoration efforts are not implemented promptly. However, with the right strategies, there is hope for successful restoration. This research contributes to understanding nipah's population dynamics, the implications of its dominance, and strategies for controlling its growth. In addition, this study is more widely useful for information on mangrove ecosystem management, ecological risk assessment, ecosystem restoration efforts, and conservation policy development.
Dynamics of vegetation diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-coal mining revegetation land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Indonesia WELLY HERMAN; ISKANDAR ISKANDAR; SRI WILARSO BUDI; HERU BAGUS PULUNGGONO; NORIL MILANTARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251201

Abstract

Abstract. Herman W, Iskandar, Budi SW, Pulunggono HB, Kurniati, Milantara N. 2024. Dynamics of vegetation diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in post-coal mining revegetation land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4627-4641. Post-coal mining causes significant changes in vegetation, soil, and landscape, necessitating reclamation to increase land area through revegetation activities as per government policy. Revegetation is expected to accelerate the recovery of ecosystem functions and reduce the impact of coal mining activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the dynamics of vegetation diversity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on post-coal mining revegetation land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Vegetation samples were obtained using the purposive sampling method, and AMF analysis was carried out using the wet-sieving decanting method. The results showed an increase in vegetation diversity along with the increasing age of the revegetation plants. The highest control of plant species was Acacia mangium with INP values ??ranging from 100-300%. Vegetation diversity and vegetation dominance index were positively correlated with spore density with correlation coefficient values ??of 0.083 and 0.029. However, the relationship between diversity and vegetation dominance index in influencing spore density had a small effect; the highest spore density was found in revegetation in 2006, with a total of 555 spores per 25 g of soil-1. It can be concluded that natural succession land materials and revegetation in post-coal mining land up to 32 years of age can improve vegetation growth but still cannot match natural forests, both in terms of the number of species growing and the level of vegetation diversity achieved. However, it is important to note that this study has limitations, such as the focus on a specific region and the need for further research to understand the long-term effects of revegetation.
Growth and mortality model of Caesio cuning in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia PRANATA CANDRA PERDANA PUTRA; SETYO TRI WAHYUDI; ABU BAKAR SAMBAH; AIDA SARTIMBUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251121

Abstract

Abstract. Putra PCP, Wahyudi ST, Sambah AB, Sartimbul A. 2024. Growth and mortality model of Caesio cuning in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4215-4222. Global climate change causes an increase in sea surface temperatures and changes in current patterns, which implies the occurrence of marine deoxidation, which has an impact on fish reproduction and growth and coupled with high levels of exploitation, which causes a decrease in fisheries productivity in the Karimunjawa National Park Area, one of which is yellowtail (Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791)). This study aims to analyze yellowtail growth and mortality model with a biology approach. Samples were collected from as many as 900 individuals during the Northwest and Southeast monsoon season. Data were analyzed using the von Bertalanffy growth model with FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II. The results show a significant relationship between the Northwest and Southeast monsoon seasons where growth is negative allometric because b<3 with r2 values ??in each season of 0.85 and 0.89, the growth model obtained (Lt = 389.6[1 - e0.22-(t0+0.37)]) with total mortality of 2.02, where fishing mortality (F) 1.69 and natural mortality (M) 0.33 and produces an exploitation level (E) of 0.84 which indicates that yellowtail has been fully exploited as indicated by the value of E>0.5. The highest recruitment pattern occurs in the Southeast monsoon season (July), amounting to 19.46%. This means that sustainable management is needed to maintain the stock of yellowtail resources in the Karimunjawa National Park Area.

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