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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Optimization and molecular identification of PUA-14 bacterial isolate from protease-producing mangrove waters Yorasakhi Ananta; Feskaharny Alamsjah; Anthoni Agustien
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260120

Abstract

Abstract. Ananta Y, Alamsjah F, Agustien A. 2025. Optimization and molecular identification of PUA-14 bacterial isolate from protease-producing mangrove waters. Biodiversitas 26: 190-198. Protease enzymes, the hydrolase enzymes that break down proteins into simpler molecules, are a vital component of the food, pharmaceutical, and other chemical industries. By selecting microorganisms as enzyme producers, we can meet the high demand for enzymes and promote sustainable production. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for protease production by protease-producing PUA-14 bacterial isolates from mangrove waters and to identify the isolates through biomolecular analysis. We conducted laboratory experiments to optimize protease production by varying carbon sources, nitrogen sources, trace elements, and inoculum concentrations. The optimization process employed the One Factor at A Time (OFAT) approach and the Central Composite Design (CCD) within the framework of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 13 software. Furthermore, biomolecular analyses, including DNA isolation, amplification, and sequencing, were performed to identify the bacterial isolates. The study identified the optimum conditions for protease production by the PUA-14 bacterial isolate are 0.5% lactose, 2.5% NaNO3, Zn as the trace element, and 2.5% inoculum concentration. Molecular analysis confirms the similarity of the PUA-14 bacterial isolate to Bacillus pseudomycoides strain LB-AsDX1-3. These research findings not only provide a foundation for future research but also have immediate practical implications, highlight the potential for sustainable enzyme production under optimized conditions, and support a wide range of industrial applications.
Mapping and characterization of dominant hydrolase enzymes in the digestive tract of Striped marlin (Kajikia audax Philippi, 1887) ENDANG ISMAIL; ASEP AWALUDIN PRIHANTO; SUKOSO SUKOSO; HARTATI KARTIKANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260314

Abstract

Abstract. Ismail E, Prihanto AA, Sukoso, Kartikaningsih H. 2025. Mapping and characterization of dominant hydrolase enzymes in the digestive tract of Striped marlin (Kajikia audax Philippi, 1887). Biodiversitas 26: 1156-1163. The digestive tract of Striped marlin (Kajikia audax Philippi, 1887): a fishery byproduct, contains several hydrolase subclass enzymes, such as protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, and xylanase, which have practical applications in medicine, agriculture, and various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, detergents, leather, and cosmetics. This study aimed to identify and characterize the enzymes in the digestive tract of Striped marlin. Enzymes from the hydrolase sub-class in different parts of the digestive tract, such as the stomach, pylorus, pancreas, and intestine, were analyzed separately using qualitative and quantitative methods. Each enzyme was further evaluated to determine its optimal pH and temperature. The results revealed that protease activity was the most dominant among the other enzymes. A clear zone with a diameter of >85 mm was observed on a casein substrate in the stomach and pylorus. The highest protease activity was recorded in the part of the stomach (1,044.71 U/mL): followed by the pylorus (937.21 U/mL): pancreas (492.06) U/mL, and intestine (362.21 U/mL). The optimal pH for enzyme activity was 4 in the stomach, 6 in the pylorus, 7 in the pancreas, and 10 in the intestine. The optimal enzyme activity temperature across all digestive tracts was 40?. This study provides the first comprehensive mapping of hydrolase subclass enzymes in the digestive system of Striped marlin.
Pollen species resources for Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia SAMSURIZAL M. SULEMAN; MANAP TRIANTO; DIRHAM DIRHAM; LESTARI M. P. ALIBASYAH; HAYYATUN MAWADDAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260401

Abstract

Abstract. Suleman SM, Trianto M, Dirham, Alibasyah LMP, Mawaddah H. 2025. Pollen species resources for Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1503-1510. Pollen represents the microgametophyte generation in seed plants and plays a crucial role in their life cycle. Carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp.), known for their preference for forage plants with specific aroma and visual characteristics, play a significant role in the pollination process This study aimed to identify the plants producing pollen for carpenter bees in three districts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sampling of carpenter bees was carried out using the roaming method. The pollen samples from each bee leg were prepared using the acetolysis method to clear the pollen walls. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting 200-300 pollen grains in a single slide. Xylocopa confusa collects pollen from a diverse range of plant families, including Asteraceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and others, while X. latipes relies on a more limited selection. Cocos nucifera serves as the predominant pollen source for both bee species. Additionally, X. confusa utilizes several Important Minor (IM) pollen sources, such as Desmodium adscendens, Euphorbia hirta, and Tetracera scandens, while Minor (M) pollen sources include Ageratum conyzoides, Sphagneticola trilobata, and others. Morphologically, most pollen grains are circular in polar view, with variations in equatorial shape, including prolate, subprolate, and semicircular forms. The highest pollen percentage is recorded for C. nucifera in both bee species.
Rapid assessment of a thrips outbreak on shallots in Brebes and Tegal, Central Java Province, Indonesia SHANIA ANANDA; HERMANU TRIWIDODO; RULY ANWAR; DEWI SARTIAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251240

Abstract

Abstract. Ananda S, Triwidodo H, Anwar R, Sartiami D. 2024. Rapid assessment of a thrips outbreak on shallots in Brebes and Tegal, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5024-5030. One of the high-economic-value crops extensively cultivated by farmers in Indonesia is shallots. The cultivation of shallots often faces problems from plant pests and diseases, which can decrease productivity. One of the pests infesting shallots is thrips. In September 2023, a thrips outbreak was reported in shallot fields in Brebes and Tegal Districts, Central Java Province, Indonesia, causing significant losses for farmers, with severe infestations leading to crop failure. Typically, the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the primary pest causing significant losses in shallot commodities in Brebes and Tegal. Prior to 2023, thrips were considered secondary pests and rarely caused severe damage. This research aims to investigate the history of thrips infestations based on interviews with 40 farmers, determine the pest population level using pest counts, and identify thrips to species. The research findings indicate that while farmers' knowledge about thrips still needs to improve, there is a significant potential for enhanced thrips management. The farmers’ knowledge, perspective, and actions significantly affect the thrips population in the fields. Farmers in Tegal exhibited more thorough knowledge of thrips management than those in Brebes, where thrips populations were higher. Climatic factors, such as increased temperatures and decreased rainfall, contributed to the rise in the thrips population. Farmers' adaptation strategies to cope with thrips outbreaks include increasing the frequency and dosage of pesticide spraying, early harvesting, and abandoning infested fields, which results in crop failure. The thrips species causing shallot damage in Brebes and Tegal was Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Evaluation of growth and yield potential of three varieties of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) at different planting times I MADE SATRIA DWI ARTA; MUHAMAD ACHMAD CHOZIN; ARYA WIDURA RITONGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251058

Abstract

Abstract. Arta IMSD, Chozin MA, Ritonga AW. 2024. Evaluation of growth and yield potential of three varieties of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) at different planting times. Biodiversitas 25: 3985-3994. Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a horticultural crop with high economic value. Land-use change had led to a decrease in the potential chili pepper cultivation area. One way to overcome this problem is to use intercropping, for example by planting chili peppers with maize. The purpose of this study was to determine suitable planting times and varieties for intercropping. This research was conducted with a nested design with two treatment factors. The first factor, cropping treatment, had four levels: control (chili pepper monoculture) and chili peppers planted (intercropped) at 0, 4, and 6 weeks after maize planting (MSJ). The second factor was chili variety: Bonita, Shadiva and Lobita. The sowing, soil preparation, planting, maintenance, and harvesting methods were the same for each treatment. The results of this study indicate that the 0 MSJ cropping treatment significantly increases plant height, particularly for the Shadiva variety. The Bonita variety was most productive in the 4 MSJ cropping treatment. In contrast, the control exhibited a higher incidence of geminivirus (Geminiviridae) at the same planting time. The optimal selection of planting time, in conjunction with the most suitable varieties, can enhance productivity and suppress the spread of plant diseases.
Unveiling the occurrence of vulnerable Sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) in Bangka based on morphological and molecular evidence FITRI S. VALEN; NOORHIDAYAH B. MAMAT; JOSIE SOUTH; FELIPE P. OTTONI; LUCAS O. VIEIRA; AHMAD S. KAMARUDIN; AHMAD Y. AFANDI; VERYL HASAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251153

Abstract

Abstract. Valen FS, Mamat NB, South J, Ottoni FP, Vieira LO, Kamarudin AS, Afandi AY, Hasan V. 2024. Unveiling the occurrence of vulnerable Sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) in Bangka based on morphological and molecular evidence. Biodiversitas 25: 4543-4550. Glyptothorax robustus Boeseman 1966 is a vulnerable catfish species that is known to be distributed across Java and Sumatra. The objective of this research is to document, for the first time, the presence of G. robustus in Bangka, Indonesia, and to update the species' geographic distribution. This discovery of a freshwater fish in a new location significantly contributes to the understanding of its biogeography. A purpose-sampling approach was employed to collect the specimens. The species were identified morphologically and molecularly through DNA barcoding. On 20 January 2023, five G. robustus specimens were collected from the Bumang River in Bangka Island using fish traps. The occurrence of G. robustus at this location represents the most northerly record of this species and extends its known geographic range. Additionally, this new site is approximately 200 km north of the nearest known location on Sumatra Island and 300 km north of the nearest known location in Java. This record expands the documented distribution range of G. robustus and enhances our understanding of this species. Furthermore, an updated record of the G. robustus DNA sequence from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is presented. This sequence constitutes the first DNA barcode for Indonesia and has the potential to support future studies in biogeographical and ichthyological research. The DNA sequence was registered in NCBI GenBank under the accession code OR144414. This DNA barcode can serve as a standard for identifying G. robustus and will support future DNA and biotechnology-based studies.
Effectiveness of micro-nanobubble aeration and phytoremediation in treating filtered palm oil mill effluent on bacteria diversity and water properties RIA KARNO; ENDANG ARISOESILANINGSIH; IRFAN MUSTAFA; DIAN SISWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251133

Abstract

Abstract. Karno R, Arisoesilaningsih E, Mustafa I, Siswanto D. 2024. Effectiveness of micro-nanobubble aeration and phytoremediation in treating filtered palm oil mill effluent on bacteria diversity and water properties. Biodiversitas 25: 4340-4349. Palm oil waste treatment has gained much significance in recent years, as the palm oil industry has been on the rise. In addition, the biological removal of open treatment ponds and the subsequent activity of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, have been given special consideration. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoremediation (Phyt) and micro-nanobubble (MnB) aeration technologies on the improvement of physicochemical properties of filtered palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE). The effect of the technologies on bacteria density and composition using a laboratory-scale reactor with 24-hour incubation was also explored. Metagenomic analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and traditional methods, such as Total Plate Count (TPC) was used to evaluate bacteria density and composition. Physicochemical analyses were then conducted using an Indonesian standard method (SNI). The results showed that the MnB+Phyt reactor was more effective in reducing waste pollutants and meeting waste standards than control, MnB, or Phyt reactors after 24 hours. In addition, TPC counts showed that the highest bacteria density occurred at the 6-hour mark in the MnB+Phyt, Phyt, or MnB reactors compared to the control. Despite variations in bacteria composition among reactors, the dominant phylum and family were Pseudomonadota, Comamonadaceae, Zoogloeaceae, and Alcaligenaceae. The results also showed that MnB treatment significantly increased alpha diversity and altered genera composition. In conclusion, MnB aeration and phytoremediation technologies effectively reduced filtered POMSE pollutants with a removal percentage ranging from 28.37% to 56.69% under 24-hour treatment.
Effect of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10 and mannan-oligosaccharide on the intestine health of rat infected with Salmonella Typhimurium RAHAYU WULAN; RIKA INDRI ASTUTI; YAYA RUKAYADI; SRI ESTUNINGSIH; ANJA MERYANDINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260133

Abstract

Abstract. Wulan R, Astuti RI, Rukayadi Y, Estuningsih S, Meryandini A. 2025. Effect of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10 and mannan-oligosaccharide on the intestine health of rat infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Biodiversitas 26: 335-344. Recent evidence suggests that probiotic yeast is efficacious against bacterial infections. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the live yeast probiotic Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10, Mannan-Oligosaccharide (MOS), and their combination on the growth performance and intestinal health of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (ST). Two groups were studied: one without ST infection, including P. kudriavzevii 2P10 (PRO), MOS, and their combination (PMOS), and one with ST infection, including CONTROL.ST, PRO.ST, MOS.ST, and PMOS.ST. A diet of 108 CFU/mL PRO and 5% MOS was administered orally for 15 days, followed by a challenge with 108 CFU/mL ST in the ST group. After three days of challenge, the parameters were observed. The findings of this research are that ST infection in rats can cause colonization of ST in the ileum, causing a decrease in white blood cells, necrosis of epithelial cells, and an increased villous-to-crypt ratio (VCR) as a response to inflammation. The administration of PRO, MOS, and their combinations prevents inflammation, as proven by the absence of necrosis and epithelial desquamation. PRO, MOS, and their combinations stimulate intestinal health by increasing villus height, width, and VCR. MOS was found to be the best for increasing lactic acid bacteria. During ST infection, P. kudriavzevii 2P10 can coagulate with ST in the ileum, with this yeast-bacteria binding mechanism allowing free Salmonella Typhimurium cells to bind more to P. kudriavzevii 2P10 cells than to intestinal epithelial cells so that bacterial infection can be prevented. In conclusion, P. kudriavzevii 2P10 administration was the best for stimulating growth performance and intestinal health and preventing severe ST infection in male SD rats, offering promising avenues for further research and potential practical applications in human and animal nutrition and health.
Native, endemic, and threatened flora species in a swamp forest in Tagum City, Philippines: Implications for species and habitat conservation AARON FROILAN M. RAGANAS; LIEF ERIKSON D. GAMALO; JOSELITO B. CHAVEZ JR; ALEYLA E. DE CADIZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260318

Abstract

Abstract. Raganas AFM, Gamalo LED, Chavez Jr JB, De Cadiz AE. 2025. Native, endemic, and threatened flora species in a swamp forest in Tagum City, Philippines: Implications for species and habitat conservation. Biodiversitas 26: 1189-1201. Endemic and threatened plants are among the most susceptible species, and are considered the most effective surrogates for identifying and evaluating conservation priority areas. This study aimed to provide critical information regarding native, endemic, and threatened flora species within the swampy beach forest ecosystem of Hijo, Tagum City, Davao Del Norte, Philippines. A plant survey was conducted using plots along a series of 100 m transect lines within the forest, where all plants were identified, and their distribution and conservation status were assessed. The study focused on native and endemic species, with vegetation analyses examining their influence on forest community structure. The survey identified 117 native and 28 endemic species across 55 families and 116 genera from 239 vascular plant species recorded. Among these, nine species were classified as threatened. Saribus rotundifolius had the highest importance value reflecting its dominance and strong ecological influence within the forest. Threats such as saltwater intrusion and flooding during wet season can potentially endanger regenerating plants. A conservation strategy framework has been developed using ex situ and in situ methods to effectively protect the ecosystem. Furthermore, this study addresses gaps in the insufficient data on beach flora species across the country.
Characterization of phytochemicals of Clitorea ternatea and the potention as neuroprotectant to prevent Alzheimer's disease WILDA BUNGA TINA SANJAYA; DEWI RATIH TIRTOSARI; RINI WIDAYANTI; DWI ARIS AGUNG NUGRAHANINGSIH; GOLDA RANI SARAGIH; HEVI WIHADMADYATAMI; DWI LILIEK KUSINDARTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260706

Abstract

Abstract. Sanjaya WBT, Tirtosari DR, Widayanti R, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Saragih GR, Wihadmadyatami H, Kusindarta DL. 2025. Characterization of phytochemicals of Clitorea ternatea and the potention as neuroprotectant to prevent Alzheimer's disease. Biodiversitas 26: 3144-3159. Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae), known by most as butterfly pea, is a significant medicinal plant recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential. The ethanolic extract of C. ternatea blume has shown promising neuroprotective effects, particularly in enhancing memory and reducing behavioural impairments. This plant, especially the section of roots and leaves, is recognized in traditional medicine and has been studied for its potential in treating neurodegenerative conditions. Meanwhile, there's still a lack of information for the therapeutic activities of its blume. Consequently, it is necessary to characterize the phytochemical compound of C. ternatea blume ethanolic extract to determine the neuroprotective potential. The phytochemical compounds were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), in silico molecular docking, and proliferation evaluation using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on TMT-induced neurotoxicity Pheochromocytoma rat cell (PC-12). The result presented total phenol (12.28%b/b), total tannin (10.39%b/b), total flavonoid (4.54%b/b), total saponin (1.2%b/b), total steroids (8,019.81 µg/mL), total alkaloids (617.9 µg/mL), 33 active phytochemical constituents with palmitic acid composition reaching 17%, strong appearance displays in many functional groups including hydroxy compound, unsaturated/aromatic compound, saturated aliphatic (alkene/alkyl), skeletal C-C vibrations, and ether compound, in silico molecular docking shows that palmitic acid inhibits the accumulation of ?-amyloid, and C. ternatea reaches the optimum dose-dependent level of PC-12 cell proliferation at 31.25 µg/mL. Based on the results, C. ternatea ethanolic extract has significant potential as a neuroprotectant.

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