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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Review: Risks and benefits of introducing double-muscled Belgian Blue cattle to Indonesia’s tropical climate GRETANIA RESIDIWATI; HABIB S. A. TUSKA; OLOAN PARLINDUNGAN; SRI W. SISWANTI; BART LEEMANS; KAREN GOOSSENS; SITI E. ROCHMI; BUDIONO BUDIONO; AGUNG BUDIYANTO; BAMBANG PURWANTARA; BONICK KARTINI LONAMEO; OSVALDO B. PASCOTTINI; GEERT OPSOMER; ANN VAN SOOM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260540

Abstract

Abstract. Residiwati G, Tuska HSA, Parlindungan O, Siswanti SW, Leemans B, Goossens K, Rochmi SE, Budiono, Budiyanto A, Purwantara B, Lonameo BK, Pascottini OB, Opsomer G, Van Soom A. 2025. Review: Risks and benefits of introducing double-muscled Belgian Blue cattle to Indonesia’s tropical climate. Biodiversitas 26: 2429-2447. To meet the growing national demand for beef, the Indonesian government has introduced the Belgian Blue (BB), a double-muscled cattle breed originating from Belgium, renowned for its exceptional carcass yield. This initiative represents the first large-scale effort to integrate a temperate taurine genotype into Indonesia’s tropical environment through the use of Embryo Transfer (ET) and Artificial Insemination (AI) technologies. The BB’s pronounced muscle hypertrophy offers considerable potential to enhance national beef productivity, with projected increases in carcass yield. This potentially underscores the benefits of introducing the BB breed in Indonesia. However, its application in tropical systems presents notable challenges. As a pure taurine breed, the BB demonstrates limited adaptability to high temperature and humidity, rendering it highly susceptible to heat stress. In addition, its muscular conformation is associated with an elevated incidence of dystocia, requiring advanced obstetric care, while its intensive nutritional requirements may pose environmental sustainability concerns. This review synthesizes empirical findings from the past decade of field implementation across six (6) Indonesian provinces and benchmarks the performance of BB cattle against local breeds. By critically examining both the opportunities and limitations of BB integration, this paper offers novel insights beyond prior literature centered on European contexts. It concludes by highlighting strategic considerations for policymakers, veterinarians, and farmers to foster a more sustainable and efficient beef production system tailored to Indonesia’s unique agro-climatic conditions.
The diversity of wild edible plants used by community living around Mount Merapi National Park, Central Java, Indonesia KHOTROTUN NIDA FARIKHA; LATHIFA PUTRI WIEDHYA SYAHRANI; LUNETTA KHALIS ALFIYAH; LUTHFIA LUTHFIA; MURNI NURWULANDARI; IRFAN ABU NAZAR; EDI JUNAEDI; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250925

Abstract

Abstract. Farikha KN, Syahrani LPW, Alfiyah LK, Luthfia, Nurwulandari M, Nazar IA, Junaedi E, Setyawan AD. 2024. The diversity of wild edible plants used by community living around Mount Merapi National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3041-3049. Mount Merapi National Park is one of the conservation areas in Indonesia that serves as habitat for various species of wild plants with ecological value and social benefits for local communities. However, the impacts of social, economic, and environmental changes have led to a decline in community interest in utilizing the presence of wild plants there. This research aims to document the diversity of wild edible plants used by local community living around Mount Merapi National Park in Kemalang Sub-district, Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection involved physical observation and semi-structured questionnaires to 58 respondents. Data analysis was carried out by classifying plants based on their local names, families, scientific names, growth forms, parts utilized, uses, and conservation status. This study documented 45 species of wild edible plants belonging to 32 families with the dominance of the Zingiberaceae family. Wild edible plants are utilized as food sources, cooking ingredients, and traditional medicine with leaves being the most commonly utilized part. Andrographis paniculata is most frequently utilized by the community. Based on the IUCN Red List, there are 20 wild edible species categorized as Least Concern, 13 species Not Evaluated, 11 species Data Deficient, and 1 species Endangered.
Bioprospecting and molecular identification of Streptomyces on karst ecosystems in the coastal area of Gorontalo, Indonesia, as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria YULIANA RETNOWATI; ABUBAKAR SIDIK KATILI; NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260721

Abstract

Abstract. Retnowati Y, Katili AS, Kandowangko NY. 2025. Bioprospecting and molecular identification of Streptomyces on karst ecosystems in the coastal area of Gorontalo, Indonesia, as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Biodiversitas 26: 3294-3301. Agricultural systems that rely on synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and monoculture farming systems contribute to declining soil fertility and affect the soil microbial community. In contrast, organic farming systems incorporate Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a potential solution. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prospecting of Streptomyces from the rhizosphere of plants in the karst ecosystem PGPR on the coastal area of Gorontalo by using a molecular approach to identify promising strains. The success of this study in isolating and identifying three promising Streptomyces strains is a testament to the robustness of this study. Soil sampling was conducted at three locations at a 15-30 cm depth. The PGPR potential of Streptomyces was determined based on phosphate-solubilizing activity, Indole acetic acid production, antagonism to the root pathogenic fungus, and tolerance to fungicide capability. This study successfully isolated three Streptomyces from Jatropha curcas rhizosphere. In line with these findings, 16S rRNA sequencing showed the affinity of the strain to the genus Streptomyces on 98.39 to 99.65% of homology, including Streptomyces sp. strain KRJc-01, Streptomyces rochei strain KRJc-02, and Streptomyces pratensis strain KRJc-03. The initial in vitro assay showed the potential ability of Streptomyces sp. in phosphate-solubilizing activity, indole acetic acid production, antagonistic against root-pathogenic fungi, and fungicide tolerance capability. Antagonistic activity against the root-pathogenic fungus of Fusarium oxysporum is supported by PKSs and NRPS gene cluster. In general, these findings suggest that Streptomyces sp. from the rhizosphere of plants in the karst ecosystem within Gorontalo has significant potential as PGPR, contributing to sustainable crop improvement.
Peat-derived Streptomyces spp. isolated from edamame rhizosphere with plant growth-promoting properties IRA ERDIANDINI; ARIS TJAHJOLEKSONO; RIKA INDRI ASTUTI; EDI HUSEN; ARIS TRI WAHYUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260132

Abstract

Abstract. Erdiandini I, Tjahjoleksono A, Astuti RI, Husen E, Wahyudi AT. 2025. Peat-derived Streptomyces spp. isolated from edamame rhizosphere with plant growth-promoting properties. Biodiversitas 26: 326-334. Peatlands, which are known for their high organic matter content, are common habitats for actinomycetes. These microorganisms have been recognized for their potential as plant growth promoters. However, there have been limited reports on peat-derived actinomycetes with plant growth-promoting properties, especially in edamame-cultivated peatlands. This study aimed to isolate and investigate plant growth-promoting actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of edamame-cultivated peatlands. The results showed that a total of 46 strains were isolated from the edamame rhizosphere during the anthesis and reproductive phase. Importantly, 36 of these strains were found to be biologically safe, as showed by the negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity test. All 36 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid in the range of 2.42 to 50.07 µg/mL. Based on the in vivo plant growth-promoting activity assay, strains RT34, AR26, AR39, and BT59 promoted the highest primary root growth of edamame sprouts. Interestingly, the acetylene reduction assay revealed that only RT34 and AR39 strains exhibited nitrogenase activity as high as that of Azotobacter sp. as a positive control. The nitrogenase activity of these strains was up to 27.42 nmol C2H4 h-1tube-1 and 28.10 nmol C2H4 h-1tube-1. Furthermore, quantitative phosphate solubilization assay showed phosphate solubilization up to 527.76 µg/mL in the range of 258.31 to 527.76 µg/mL. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, these strains were closely related to the genus Streptomyces. The finding of present results strongly indicates that these Streptomyces strains have plant growth-promoting properties and can be proposed as biostimulants to enhance edamame growth in peatlands.
Gut microbiome profile of Namalycastis sp. at Setiu wetland in Terengganu, Malaysia SHUMPEI IEHATA; SITI RABAAH HAMZAH; SITI SYAZWANI AZMI; YUSOF SHUAIB IBRAHIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260135

Abstract

Abstract. Iehata S, Hamzah SR, Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS. 2025. Gut microbiome profile of Namalycastis sp. at Setiu wetland in Terengganu, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 26: 358-367. Marine worm regulates the surrounding sediment microbial composition structure and diversity. While there are increasing reports on marine worm-related microbiome assemblage and their functional role in the ecosystem, more knowledge still needs to be reported on the gut microbiome associated with the Nypa worm (Namalycastis sp.). The present study conducted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiome community of the Nypa worm gut as well as the environmental sample (rotten Nypa and surrounding water) and analyzed potential microbial functions using functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and upset plot results revealed the obvious relationship between microbiome compositions associated with Namalycastis sp. gut and their habitat (Nypa). Similarly, some genera, such as genus Demequina, were found to be in higher abundance in Namalycastis sp. gut and Nypa. This higher abundance could indicate a symbiotic relationship or a specific adaptation to the Nypa environment. Functional predictions based on FAPROTAX indicated that Nypa worms possess higher potentials for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, aromatic compound degradation, aliphatic non-methane hydrocarbon degradation, and hydrocarbon degradation than environmental samples. The findings in this study suggested that the Nypa worm gut is a reservoir of several beneficial bacteria, such as Rhodococcus and Saccharimonadales, which create a unique microbial environment that facilitates the microbiological degradation of organic compounds. In addition, the genus Rhodococcus and candidatus Xiphinematobacter would become potential biomarkers to monitor the shifting environmental condition of mangroves.
Morphological diversity and genetic homogeneity in Spondylus squamosus from Lianga Bay, Surigao del Sur, Philippines FABIO JR. C. RUAZA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260426

Abstract

Abstract. Ruaza FC. 2025. Morphological diversity and genetic homogeneity in Spondylus squamosus (Scheiber, 1703) from Lianga Bay, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 1768-1776. This study investigates the two morphotypes of Spondylus squamosus found in the northern and southern parts of Lianga Bay, Surigao del Sur, using landmark-based geomorphometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for shell microstructures, and molecular analysis. The research aims to determine the morphological and genetic differences between the two morphotypes and assess their plasticity and potential evolutionary divergence. Geomorphometric analysis revealed distinct clusters among the morphotypes when projected onto a two-dimensional plane based on their relative warp coordinates, suggesting significant morphological plasticity in shell structure. Despite these differences in external morphology, shell microstructure analysis showed that both morphotypes share the same shell structure, characterized by a regular complex crossed lamellar outer layer composed of long rod-shaped mineral crystals stacked parallel to each other. Molecular analysis using mitochondrial 12S and 16S genes revealed a high percentage of identity, confirming that both northern and southern individuals are S. squamosus. This genetic consistency supports the conclusion that the two morphotypes belong to the same species, despite their morphological variability. The significance of these findings is underscored by their implications for biodiversity preservation and conservation strategies in Lianga Bay. Understanding the ecological dynamics and the role of S. squamosus within the ecosystem provides insights into sustainable management strategies. This study recommends further research into the environmental factors contributing to this morphological diversity, considering the adaptive significance of these differences to provide insights into the evolutionary processes shaping S. squamosus populations.
Exploration of bacteria from Setigi Lake, Gresik District, Indonesia as a candidate for industrial microalgae production SITORESMI PRABANINGTYAS; AGUNG WITJORO; ALFIA NUR LAILI; AMALIA SHITA DEVI; CHALIMATUS SA’DIYYAH; MUSHOFATUL FITRIA; ZELA LIA QOMARIA; FATCHUR ROHMAN; HERU SURYANTO; IDA MAWADAH; DITA AYU EKA SAPUTRI; WASIATUS SA’DIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260312

Abstract

Abstract. Prabaningtyas S, Witjoro A, Laili AN, Devi AS, Sa’diyyah C, Fitria M, Qomaria ZL, Rohman F, Suryanto H, Mawadah I, Saputri DAE, Sa’diyah W. 2025. Exploration of bacteria from Setigi Lake, Gresik District, Indonesia as a candidate for industrial microalgae production. Biodiversitas 26: 1135-1144. The diversity of microorganisms leads to the utilization of biological resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the community structure of microalgae and identify and assess the microbial community and bacterial potential that were collected from Lake Setigi in Gresik District, East Java, Indonesia. The field sampling was done by collecting water from 0, 50, and 100 cm depths. Microalgae were identified according to the guidebook, while the bacterial genome was isolated for metagenomic analysis. The results revealed varying taxa numbers and density of microalgae in Lake Setigi, such as 54 species at a depth of 0-10 cm (35.63 × 108 cells/mL), 42 species at a depth of 50 cm (6.12 × 108cells/mL); and 24 species at a depth of 100 cm (1.56 × 108 cells/mL). Microalgal diversity was categorized as intermediate, well-distributed, or predominant. The three most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (56%), Bacteroidetes (16%), and Actinobacteria (13%). The potential functions of the selected bacterial isolates and their species were determined based on the similarity in 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic reconstruction. Isolates IAA17 (Delftia sp.), P15 (Pseudomonas libanensis), S14 (Bacillus subtilis), and SG5 (Lysinibacillus sp.) produced IAA, phosphate solubilization, vitamin B12, and ammonium, respectively, as a result of nitrogen-fixing activity. These abilities of bacteria underline their potential roles in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem processes.
Biodiversity and carbon stock analysis in the high conservation value forest within the oil palm plantation setting in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia SITI MAIMUNAH; YOVI AVIANTO; AMIR NOVIYANTO; FADHLULLAH RAMADHANI; VALENSI KAUTSAR; YOHANA THERESIA MARIA ASTUTI; SRI GUNAWAN; JH SAMEK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270408

Abstract

Abstract. Maimunah S, Avianto Y, Noviyanto A, Ramadhani F, Kautsar V, Astuti YTM, Gunawan S, Samek J. 2026. Biodiversity and carbon stock analysis in the high conservation value forest within the oil palm plantation setting in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270408. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270408. High Conservation Value Forests (HCVFs) within oil palm landscapes play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services, including carbon storage. However, empirical evidence quantifying biodiversity-carbon co-benefits in industrial plantation contexts remains limited in Indonesia. This study assessed plant biodiversity, wildlife presence, and aboveground carbon stock in a 65-ha HCVF managed by a private enterprise in Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field surveys were conducted using an 8% sampling intensity across 13 nested plots (50 m × 80 m). Tree and seedling diversity were evaluated using Margalef, Menhinick, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and evenness indices. Carbon stock was estimated based on diameter and height measurements using the USAID-MSU Biodiversity and Carbon Potential Calculator. Wildlife presence was documented through direct and indirect field evidence. A total of 68 tree species and 26 seedling species were recorded. Shannon diversity indices indicated high diversity at the tree level (H′ = 3.31) and moderate diversity at the seedling level (H′ = 2.41), with high species evenness (E>0.70). The forest was dominated by secondary Dipterocarp species. Average aboveground carbon stock reached 191.44 tC ha⁻¹, corresponding to a total carbon reserve of 12,443.72 tC across the HCVF area. Several protected wildlife fauna, including hornbills, pangolins, and gibbons, were identified. These findings demonstrate that HCVFs embedded within oil palm concessions can simultaneously support biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation. Effective protection of such areas is therefore essential for strengthening sustainability performance and achieving conservation commitments in tropical agricultural landscapes.
High-resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery for estimating above and below-ground biomass in mangroves of Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia SIGIT BAYHU IRYANTHONY; ANINDYA WIRASATRIYA; RUDHI PRIBADI; PUJI WAHYU PURNOMO; ERIZAL MUCHTAR; MOHAMMAD BASYUNI; DIAN WIJAYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260505

Abstract

Abstract. Iryanthony SB, Wirasatriya A, Pribadi R, Purnomo PW, Muchtar E, Basyuni M, Wijayanto D. 2025. High-resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery for estimating above and below-ground biomass in mangroves of Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2065-2078. Mangrove ecosystems are essential for climate change mitigation. The blue-carbon ecosystems in Pasar Banggi, Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia, sequester carbon and reduce emissions. The Essential Ecosystem Area in Pasar Banggi, Rembang, encompasses 36 hectares along a 2.7 km stretch and can support two flights at an altitude of 120 meters Above Ground Level (AGL). This site assesses Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) methodologies for Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) using a Phantom 4 Pro Obsidian true color sensor with a resolution of 20 MP. UAV offer remarkable accuracy and resolution of 4.1 cm per pixel. This study evaluates the volume of AGB and the carbon sequestered in mangroves utilizing aerial footage obtained from UAV and accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. The study creates precise digital surface models and digital terrain models to determine the mangrove canopy elevations. The horizontal accuracy (CE90) is approximately 0.0201 m, whereas the vertical accuracy (LE90) is around 0.0249 m. The canopy heights are 1-6 m along the beach and 1-14 m further inland. Applying an allometric equation specified for Southeast and East Asia region yields an AGB ranges from 6 to 317 mg/ha. AGB is then converted into Below-Ground Biomass (BGB) through a ratio, producing total biomass as the aggregate of AGB and BGB. BGB ranges from 2 to 123 mg/ha with total biomass can attain levels of up to 440 mg/ha. In this site, Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, and R. stylosa constitute most of the total area covering biomass, 38%, 27%, and 9%, respectively, demonstrating their significance in carbon sequestration. The high accuracy of AGB estimation with root mean square error of 8.95 mg/ha demonstrates the considerable efficiency of combining UAV and GNSS technologies in improving the precision of biomass estimation for carbon stock assessments.
Effect of moon phase during tides on variation of aquatic biodiversity in a tropical coastal lake of Anak Laut Lake, Aceh, Indonesia AHMAD MUHTADI; RUSDI LEIDONALD; NUR ROHIM; MUH FIRDAUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260229

Abstract

Abstract. Muhtadi A, Leidonald R, Rohim N, Firdaus M. 2025. Effect of moon phase during tides on variation of aquatic biodiversity in a tropical coastal lake of Anak Laut Lake, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 810-823. Anak Laut Lake, Aceh, Indonesia, is a coastal lake whose water dynamics are influenced by sea tides. It serves as a vital environment for marine life in Singkil and surrounding waters, functioning as a nursery and feeding grounds for prawns and fish larvae. This study was conducted from March to April 2023 at Anak Laut Lake in Gosong Telaga Barat Village, North Singkil District, Aceh Singkil District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted on four occasions during the tidal cycle: the new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. Aquatic biota samples were collected during both high and low tides. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Minitab. The nekton in Anak Laut Lake exhibited variations in space and time during high and low tides, with 29 families and 55 species identified. Benthic organisms included 26 species, classified into four distinct classes and 23 families. The abundance of phytoplankton was higher than that of zooplankton, reaching 90.96-95.30% of the plankton community. The larvae and juveniles discovered in Anak Laut Lake predominantly consisted of fish species from marine environments that reproduce in estuaries and seas and are transported into the lake by tidal currents. Fish population and diversity were higher during high tide due to the availability of habitats and the influx of marine fish. The tidal dynamics influenced the presence, abundance, and diversity of aquatic organisms in the lake. The new and full moon phases greatly affected the dynamics of the water quality and biodiversity of the lake due to the pronounced tidal ranges produced.

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