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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Combining ability and heterotic effects of maize (Zea mays) lines for drought tolerance using the line × tester method ACHMAD AMZERI; SIGIT BUDI SANTOSO; FIRMANSYAH ADIPUTRA; SYAIFUL KHOIRI; KASWAN BADAMI; AHMAD SYAIFUL UMAM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260223

Abstract

Abstract. Amzeri A, Santoso SB, Adiputra F, Khoiri S, Badami K, Umam AS. 2025. Combining ability and heterotic effects of maize (Zea mays) lines for drought tolerance using the line × tester method. Biodiversitas 26: 748-760. Assembling superior varieties requires information on the combining ability and heterosis of several lines being tested to select lines that can be used as parents in assembling varieties. This research aimed to determine General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA), and heterosis of maize lines using the line x tester method on dry land. The genetic material used was 40 hybrids from crossing 20 lines with UTM08.5 and UTM09.6 testers. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 62 genotypes (20 lines, 2 testers, 40 hybrids) as treatments and was repeated three times. The research results showed that lines that have a significant negative GCA value in harvest age character and can be used as parents in assembling early maturity maize varieties are T2S-5-11, DuS-5-24, Su-S-4-2-4, Su-S-4 -1-12, Su-S-4-1-12, and Su-S-4-1-15. Lines with a large positive GCA value and can be used as parents for assembling maize varieties with high production character are T2S-5-11, Su-S-4-2-4, Su-S-4-1-12, Su-S-4-1-15, and Su-S-4-3-16. The crosses T2S-5-11 × UTM08.5, Su-S-4-2-4 × UTM 08.5, and Su-S-4-1-15 × UTM08.5 had significant negative SCA values ??for harvest age and significant positive SCA values for the production per hectare character so that the three cross combinations can be used as candidates for the formation of early maturity and high production hybrid maize varieties. The best crosses are ES-5-24 × UTM09.6, T2S-5-11 × UTM08.5, T2S-5-11 × UTM09.6, and TS-5-20 × UTM09.6. They have positive heterosis for production per hectare character and negative heterosis for harvest age character.
Assessing the nucleotide sequence diversity of COI, COII, CYTB, ND5 in several silkworm strains raised in Vietnam TRAN THI BINH NGUYEN; NGUYEN THI NHAI; LE THI XUAN; HO VIET DUC; NGUYEN DUC DUY; TRAN THI HONG HANH; NGUYEN THI NHIEN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260304

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen TTB, Nhai NT, Xuan LT, Duc HV, Duy ND, Hanh TTH, Nhien NT. 2025. Assessing the nucleotide sequence diversity of COI, COII, CYTB, ND5 in several silkworm strains raised in Vietnam. Biodiversitas 26: 1061-1068. The selection of silkworm breeds is currently a subject of great interest in Vietnam, where assessing genetic diversity plays a crucial role. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity characteristics of the COI, COII, Cytb, and ND5 loci of mtDNA in 15 parental Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) lines raised in Vietnam. This includes 10 high-yielding white cocoon strains (bivoltine) and 5 low-yielding yellow cocoon strains (multivoltine), which are well adapted to the local climate conditions in Vietnam. The research used the PCR technique with specific primer pairs, performed sequencing using the Sanger method, and processed the data with BioEdit, DnaSP, and MEGA 11 software. The nucleotide sequencing results revealed a high A+T content in all four loci, particularly at the ND5 locus, where the total A+T content reached 84.94%. The study indicated that COI, COII, and ND5 markers alone are insufficient for differentiating between strains. However, the nucleotide sequences of the COII and ND5 loci can be used to identify the 5 multivoltine yellow cocoon native strains of Vietnam. Additionally, the nucleotide sequence of the Cytb locus can be used to distinguish these 5 native silkworm strains. These results will support breeders in identifying and differentiating native Vietnamese silkworm breeds.
Impact of intermittent stream flow on water quality and structural composition of macroinvertebrates in a semi-arid region of South Africa THATO P. MATITA; ABRAHAM ADDO-BEDIAKO; WILMIEN LUUS-POWELL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251245

Abstract

Abstract. Matita TP, Addo-Bediako A, Luus-Powell W. 2024. Impact of intermittent stream flow on water quality and structural composition of macroinvertebrates in a semi-arid region of South Africa. Biodiversitas 25: 5074-5082. This study investigated the impact of varying flow regimes on water quality and the structural composition of macroinvertebrates in the Moopitse River, South Africa. Samples were collected during three distinct flow conditions: high flow, low flow, and intermittent flow. Water quality parameters were measured in situ, and water samples were collected for nutrient analysis before macroinvertebrate sampling. A total of 4,094 individuals, representing seven orders and 22 families, were recorded. The assessment, based on water quality and macroinvertebrate structure, revealed that intermittent flow (cessation of flow) negatively affected both water quality and the distribution of macroinvertebrates. There was a decline in both taxa richness and abundance in response to flow intermittency. The observed low taxa richness and abundance, particularly during high flow and intermittent regimes, align with expectations for such hydrologically extreme habitats. Compared to the perennial rivers in the Olifants River Basin, the Moopitse River is less diverse, as the intermittent environment favors generalist and stress-tolerant taxa rather than sensitive taxa. Water parameters such as turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nutrient levels were significantly higher during intermittent flow, while dissolved oxygen levels were notably lower. Overall, water quality was best during low flow, which also supported greater macroinvertebrate richness and abundance. These findings suggest that river discontinuity may lead to habitat degradation, thereby altering the structural distribution of macroinvertebrate communities. Understanding the effects of flow variation and habitat changes is crucial for environmental and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, conservation strategies should incorporate innovative approaches to mitigate the impacts of flow discontinuities and habitat degradation.
Coral diseases and compromised health prevalence in Gili-Noko Waters, Bawean Island, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; ADITYA NATA AZHARI; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; ANDIK ISDIANTO; ARIEF SETYANTO; LUTHFIL HAKIM SALIM; RIQKI YOGA APRILIANTO; MAHENDRA AHMAD MUNIF; MOHAMAD FAISAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260344

Abstract

Abstract. Asadi MA, Azhari AN, Fathah AL, Isdianto A, Setyanto A, Salim LH, Aprilianto RY, Munif MA, Faisal M. 2025. Coral diseases and compromised health prevalence in Gili-Noko Waters, Bawean Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1433-1442. Coral reefs have important ecological and economic functions. Bawean Island, Indonesia known for its natural beauty and rich marine resources, has become an important tourism destination. This research aims to understand how environmental parameters and human activities influence the prevalence of coral diseases and their impact on coral reef diversity. The measurement of coral cover used a combination of Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and transect quadrants, while field data collection for coral disease assessment used a belt transect with a size of 20x2 m. The findings showed that coral cover in Gili-Noko Waters ranged from 65.90% to 74.86%, with various types of coral diseases identified. Identified diseases include Pigmentation Response (PR), Growth Anomaly (GA), White Band Disease (WBD), Yellow Band Disease (YBD), White Patch (WP), White Syndromes (WS), Unusual Bleaching Patterns (BL), Ulcerative White Spot (UWS), Sediment Damage (SD), and Fish Bites (FB). These diseases affect the coral genera. Acropora (437 colonies), Isopora (345 colonies), Echinopora (8 colonies), Porites (160 colonies), Platygyra (12 colonies), Favia (98 colonies), Astreopora (22 colonies), and Lobophyllia (3 colonies). Stylophora (2 colonies), Millepora (13 colonies), and Fungia (7 colonies). The correlation between environmental parameters and disease prevalence shows that dissolved oxygen levels have the most significant influence. Human activities have a significant impact on the health of coral reefs, highlighting the need for effective management and ongoing conservation efforts.
Characterization and potential of L-glutaminase enzyme from symbiotic red algae Eucheuma spinosum as antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral dengue agents by in vitro HARNINGSIH KARIM; ARIEF AZIS; ANANDA RAMADANI; A. TENRIUGI DAENG PINE; ANITA ANITA; AHYAR AHMAD; MUKRIANI MUKRIANI; MUH NASRUM MASSI; ANDI DIAN PERMANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251231

Abstract

Abstract. Karim H, Azis A, Ramadani A, Pine ATD, Anita, Ahmad A, Mukriani, Massi MN, Permana AD. 2024. Characterization and potential of L-glutaminase enzyme from symbiotic red algae Eucheuma spinosum as antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral dengue agents by in vitro. Biodiversitas 25: 4939-4949. Cancer is a disease caused by the abnormal growth of body tissue cells. A new approach in cancer treatment through targeted therapy is using microbial enzymes. One enzyme that has potential for future cancer therapy is L-glutaminase. On the other hand, dengue fever is endemic in Indonesia, necessitating maximum and sustained efforts to address the dengue problem, including infection and cancer. Indonesia is an archipelagic nation, with two-thirds of its territory comprising seas, and boasts many diverse marine biota and macroalgae. One cultivated variety of marine algae is the red algae Eucheuma sp.. This study aimed to isolate the L-glutaminase enzyme produced by symbiotic Cobetia marina from red algae Eucheuma spinosum. The optimum activity of the L-glutaminase enzyme was found at pH 8 and 37°C. It was activated by metal ions Mg2+, Co2+, and Mn2+. The antibacterial activity test revealed that L-glutaminase at a concentration of 5 mg/L exhibited inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the cytotoxic test demonstrated the most substantial impact in the F1 fraction at a concentration of 160 µg/mL, with a percent inhibition value of 25.65% and an IC50 value of 64.26 µg/mL on MCF-7 cells. The anti-dengue activity of L-glutaminase in crude extract toward Vero cells indicates inhibition percentage and CC50 value of 78% and 167.15 ?g/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that the L-glutaminase enzyme fractions from symbiotic C. marina hold promise for antibacterial and anticancer uses and antiviral activity against dengue.
Botanical survey of ethnomedicines in Dayak sub-ethnic groups, Ot Danum and Tomum in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia LISWARA NENENG; NAWAN NAWAN; FRANS GROVY NAIBAHO; SUDARMAN RAHMAN; LIA SEPTYA; DESIMARIA PANJAITAN; RIA WINDI LESTARI; ARIFIN SURYA DWIPA IRSYAM; NORWAHYUNIE NORWAHYUNIE; NORAINI NORAINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260145

Abstract

Abstract. Neneng L, Nawan, Naibaho FG, Rahman S, Septya L, Panjaitan D, Lestari RW, Irsyam ASD, Norwahyunie, Noraini. 2025. Botanical survey of ethnomedicines in Dayak sub-ethnic groups, Ot Danum and Tomum in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 458-469. The rise of globalization, urbanization, and environmental changes has led to the emergence of new infectious diseases and increased Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), posing significant public health threats. This study aims to document the traditional medicinal knowledge of the Dayak Ot Danum and Tomum subtribes in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, particularly regarding their ethnobotanical remedies for treating infectious diseases. Field surveys were conducted in August 2024 across four villages, utilizing purposive and snowball sampling techniques to interview 12 key informants, including traditional healers. Semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and field observations were employed to gather information on the local use of medicinal plants. A total of 62 plant species were identified, with the highest proportions targeting bacterial infections (24 species), followed by viral (21 species), fungal (11 species), and parasitic infections (4 species), with mixed efficacy as antibacterial and antifungal (10 species) and antibacterial and antiviral (3 species). The Zingiberaceae family was the most frequently documented, a testament to the diverse and rich ethnobotanical knowledge of these communities. The findings highlight the effective use of traditional medicine in combating infections, suggesting the potential for integrating ethnobiological practices into contemporary healthcare strategies to address AMR. As indigenous populations face increasing health risks, preserving and leveraging traditional medicinal knowledge is crucial for developing sustainable approaches to health and wellness.
Environmental influence on the spatial abundance of tiger prey monitored using camera traps in Thap Lan and Pang Sida National Parks, Thailand BENCHAWAN MEEAMNART; SOMPORN PAKPIAN; JIRASAK KHONGMUEANG; PAKON KAMSUDSANG; PAANWARIS PAANSRI; PRATEEP DUENGKAE; WARONG SUKSAVATE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260350

Abstract

Abstract. Meeamnart B, Pakpian S, Khongmueang J, Kamsudsang P, Paansri P, Duengkae P, Suksavate W. 2025. Environmental influence on the spatial abundance of tiger prey monitored using camera traps in Thap Lan and Pang Sida National Parks, Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 1500-1511. The decline in prey populations within the Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex (DPKY), Thailand, has likely contributed to the local extinction of tigers, raising urgent concerns about the future of this iconic species in the region. Environmental factors play a crucial role in the fluctuations in prey densities. This study estimated the spatial density of five key tiger prey species (gaur, banteng, sambar deer, muntjac, and wild boar) using the Random Encounter and Staying Time (REST) and Royle-Nichols (RN) occupancy models. The REST model produced density estimates of 1.05±0.35, 0.01±0.11, 0.62±0.79, 1.10±0.49, and 1.46±0.38 individuals/km² for gaur, banteng, sambar deer, muntjac, and wild boar, respectively. The RN model yielded slightly higher estimates: 1.51±1.26, 0.05±0.14, 0.82±0.58, 2.62±1.25, and 3.06±1.74 individuals/km². These findings highlight the significant influence of variables like vegetation cover, proximity to human settlements, elevation, and salt licks on prey abundance and distribution, with muntjac and wild boar consistently showing higher densities than other species. This spatial modeling approach provides a novel framework for predicting animal density, which can inform conservation and management strategies for tiger prey populations in DPKY, thereby aiding in tigers' persistence within these protected areas.
Rare, Endangered, Endemic, and Protected Species (REEPS) conservation in the Cisokan, West Java, Indonesia TEGUH HUSODO; ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA; ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN; DWI RUSTAM KENDARTO; SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH; INDRI WULANDARI; SYA SYA SHANIDA; PUPUT FEBRIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251247

Abstract

Abstract. Husodo T, Megantara EN, Mutaqin AZ, Kendarto DR, Withaningsih S, Wulandari I, Shanida SS, Febrianto P. 2024. Rare, Endangered, Endemic, and Protected Species (REEPS) conservation in the Cisokan, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5094-5102. The Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) hydropower construction poses significant challenges to local biodiversity, particularly Rare, Endemic, Endangered, and Protected Species (REEPS). This study aimed to describe the distribution of REEPS threatened by the construction and analyze the trend of their presence during the development. Methods applied include sign surveys, camera trapping, and literature review across a 47-grid study area. The findings show that ten REEPS continue to occupy forest patches and corridors despite ongoing construction activities. All REEPS species were consistently recorded from 2009 to 2022, indicating that their habitat can still meet their survival needs. However, habitat fragmentation and overlapping land use due to construction threaten these species' long-term sustainability. The grid-based analysis identified nine grids as core habitats for multiple REEPS species, emphasizing the need for ongoing biodiversity management. This includes preserving critical corridors and forest patches, which are crucial for the survival of these species. Long-term monitoring ensures coexistence between wildlife and human activities, maintaining ecosystem balance while advancing the hydropower project. This study highlights the importance of integrating wildlife conservation with infrastructure development in biodiversity-rich areas.
Microhabitat preferences of vulnerable plants in the Genus Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) on the slopes of Talaga Bodas, West Java, Indonesia DIANA HERNAWATI; RITA FITRIANI; RINALDI RIZAL PUTRA; DIKI MUHAMAD CHAIDIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260402

Abstract

Abstract. Hernawati D, Fitriani R, Putra RR, Chaidir DM. 2025. Microhabitat preferences of vulnerable plants in the Genus Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) on the slopes of Talaga Bodas, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1511-1518. Saurauia is a genus of ecologically significant plants, with several species classified as vulnerable due to habitat degradation and environmental changes. Despite their conservation importance, studies on their habitat preferences remain limited, particularly in montane ecosystems. This study aims to investigate microhabitat preferences of Saurauia species on the slopes of Talaga Bodas, West Java, Indonesia, an area renowned for its rich biodiversity shaped by complex topography and montane ecosystems. This study focuses on examining essential environmental factors such as elevation, light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil pH affecting the distribution and habitat preferences of these at-risk plants. Field surveys recorded the occurrence of Saurauia species in various microhabitats, which was subsequently analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to clarify the connection between environmental factors and species distribution. Three species were identified including S. microphylla and S. bracteosa, both endemic in Java, and S. cauliflora, widespread in Java and Bali, and the IUCN Red List classifies all three species as vulnerable. According to the survey, clear microhabitat preferences were reported, including S. cauliflora which flourishes at lower elevations where light intensity is high and temperatures are warmer, S. microphylla occupies higher elevations that are cooler and more humid, while S. bracteosa shows adaptability to moderate conditions. This study provides critical insights into habitat needs, informing conservation strategies that enhance habitat diversity, ecosystem stability, and mitigate environmental pressures. Safeguarding the unique microhabitats of Talaga Bodas is essential for ensuring the long-term survival of these vulnerable plant species.
Comparative micromorphology of Costus pictus and Hellenia speciosa collected from Vietnam Thanh Triet Nguyen; Van Chen Tran; Nguyen Xuan Lam Duong; Thi Thu Hien Nguyen; Thi Nga Nguyen; Thi Thuy Quynh Tran
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260140

Abstract

Abstract. Triet NT, Chen TV, Lam DNX, Hien NTT, Nga NT, Quynh TTT. 2025. Comparative micromorphology of Costus pictus and Hellenia speciosa collected from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 26: 407-417. Costus pictus and Hellenia speciosa are two herbs belonging to the family Costaceae that have been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes and are also used as daily food. The comparative anatomical characteristics between C. pictus and H. speciosa from Vietnam have not been systematically noted. This study aimed to develop microanatomical monographs of C. pictus and H. speciosa from Vietnam. Six fresh plants each were randomly collected for use in this study. Anatomical structures of rhizomes, roots, stems, and leaves were carried out using the iodine green-carmine staining method. The anatomical structural features of plant parts were analyzed and recorded through optical microscopy. The anatomical structural features of the tested samples are similar to those of Costus species. Notably, the anatomical structure of H. speciosa rhizome is similar to its stem, but different from that of C. pictus rhizome. The microstructures of their roots and leaves easily distinguish these species from each other. Additionally, smaller unicellular trichomes were observed in C. pictus leaves, while sub-air cavities, larger unicellular stout trichomes, and peltate glandular trichomes were found in H. speciosa leaves. The present evidence highlights the main structural features for distinguishing and identifying Vietnamese C. pictus and H. speciosa.

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