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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Effect of host tree site conditions of Schima wallichii on vertical structure of epiphytic orchid community INDRA FARDHANI; YUDAI KITAGAMI; TAKESHI TORIMARU; HIROMITSU KISANUKI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260219

Abstract

Abstract. Fardhani I, Kitagami Y, Torimaru T, Kisanuki H. 2025. Effect of host tree site conditions of Schima wallichii on vertical structure of epiphytic orchid community. Biodiversitas 26: 715-722. It is crucial to recognize the conservation challenges and potential intertwined with the delicate balance of epiphytic orchid communities. Therefore, it is imperative to deepen our understanding regarding the factors influencing the ecology of epiphytic orchid community, including how orchid diversity is distributed on a host tree. To clarify the variation in vertical community structure of epiphytic orchids on a host tree species, Schima wallichii, species richness and abundance of these orchids were investigated. Epiphytic orchids occurring on each host tree were allocated to one of five vertical zones. To understand their effects on community structures, host tree site factors such as density of trees surrounding the host, and angle and direction of slope on which the host tree stood, were measured. Crown zones of S. wallichii trees accumulated more species of epiphytic orchids than the trunk zone because the crown contains many branches, to which epiphytes can attach more easily than on the trunk. Zone 3, at the bottom of the crown zone, offered the most potential for many kinds of epiphytic orchid to colonize, according to the accumulation curves of species richness against both the number of host trees and orchid abundance; this is probably because it had larger branches than the other crown zones. The vertical community structures of epiphytic orchid on S. wallichii were not clearly segregated, even between trunk and the three crown zones. Host tree angle of slope significantly drove the vertical structure of the epiphytic orchid community.
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Araucaria spp. from Taman Bunga Nusantara, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia PURWANTININGSIH SUGITA; MIRA NUR USTATI; KURNIAWANTI KURNIAWANTI; GUSTINI SYAHBIRIN; HANHAN DIANHAR; DYAH UTAMI CAHYANING RAHAYU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260113

Abstract

Abstract. Sugita P, Ustati MN, Kurniawanti, Syahbirin G, Dianhar H, Rahayu DUC. 2025. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Araucaria spp. from Taman Bunga Nusantara, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 118-126. Araucaria columnaris (AC) and Araucaria cunninghamii (ACu) are members of the Araucaria genus known for their various pharmacological activities. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical properties, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antioxidant activities of twigs from AC and ACu, using different solvents (i) acetone (A); (ii) ethanol (E); and (iii) Ethyl acetate (Ea). Quantitative measurements for TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity were conducted using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, and the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, respectively. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids in all extracts. Saponins were found exclusively in acetone extracts, while none contained alkaloids. The TPC is expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g of extract, while TFC is presented as mg of quercetin equivalent (QE) per g of extract. The TPC of AC twigs in acetone (ACA) was the highest, followed by ethanol (ACE) and ethyl acetate (ACEa). Similarly, the highest TPC was also observed in acetone (ACuA) for ACu twigs, followed by ethanol (ACuE) and ethyl acetate (ACuEa). Regarding TFC, the order for AC twigs was ACA > ACEa > ACE, while for ACu twigs, it was ACuEa > ACuE > ACuA. ACuE exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 29.57 ± 1.11 µg/mL, whereas the other extracts displayed moderate antioxidant activity. The results of this research provide preliminary data that can serve as a foundation for future studies.
Gastrointestinal microplastic abundance in relation to fish feeding guilds in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia BITTARAE F. H. SJAMSIR; TRI DEWI K. PRIBADI; GHITARINA GHITARINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270420

Abstract

Abstract. Sjamsir BFH, Pribadi TDK, Ghitarina. 2026. Gastrointestinal microplastic abundance in relation to fish feeding guilds in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270420. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270420. Microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems has emerged as a major environmental concern, particularly in regions with intense human activity. This study examined the relationship between feeding guild and gastrointestinal microplastic abundance in fish from Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia. A total of 162 fish representing 25 species, 21 families, and 11 orders were collected, of which 133 individuals from all 25 species were analyzed for gastrointestinal microplastic contamination. Microplastics were extracted using chemical digestion, identified under a stereomicroscope, and polymer composition was confirmed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). In total, 1,378 microplastic particles were detected, with an average abundance of 10.35±3.80 particles per fish. Fibers dominated the particles (57.4%), followed by fragments (35.0%), films (4.5%), beads (2.2%), and foam (0.9%). Polymer analysis identified nylon as the dominant polymer type, suggesting fishing gear as a probable source. Microplastic abundance differed significantly among feeding guilds (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05), with herbivorous species exhibiting the highest abundances, while no significant difference was observed between demersal and pelagic fish. These findings provide baseline data on microplastic contamination in fish from an intensively used tropical coastal system and suggest exposure may vary with feeding guild, with herbivorous species potentially more vulnerable to contamination associated with high-volume grazing on benthic substrates, where microplastics accumulate and adhere to biofilms.
Identification of subterranean termites and their attack characteristics on settlements in Jakarta Province, Indonesia ARINANA ARINANA; FIRMAN ARDIANSYAH; RIKI ANDIKA; DIDI TARMADI; SATIMO SATIMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260103

Abstract

Abstract. Arinana A, Ardiansyah F, Andika R, Tarmadi D, Satimo. 2025. Identification of subterranean termites and their attack characteristics on settlements in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 22-35. The increase in termite attacks on buildings in Jakarta, Indonesia coinciding with the city's construction boom, is reshaping environmental dynamics. This study aims to identify the subterranean termite species responsible for damaging residential structures and to analyze the patterns of these infestations throughout Jakarta. The research was conducted across 57 settlement sites within the city, guided by a comprehensive survey of termite-induced damage and a four-month monitoring period from September to December 2021, during which Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Larusa Adi Sumindo, Jakarta implemented a baiting system. Morphometric identification of the termites revealed at least four species associated with building infestations: Coptotermes curvignathus, C. gestroi, Macrotermes gilvus, and Microtermes insperatus. Coptotermes gestroi was the most prevalent among these, found at 39 sites. The findings indicate that termite damage was most severe in window and door frames (49.1%), while the foundation exhibited the least damage (3.5%). This research highlights not only the diversity of termite species infesting urban areas but also the specific structural components vulnerable to their attacks, including frames, foundations, floors, walls, ceilings, archives, and garden trees. These insights are crucial for developing targeted mitigation strategies and building resilience against these pervasive subterranean termites, supporting sustainable urban development in Jakarta and beyond.
The anatomy, histology, and oxidative stress level of the liver in fruit bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus) YENI DHAMAYANTI; MUHAMMAD SURYADININGRAT; AGUNG MUJIBURRAHMAN; LINTANG WINANTYA FIRDAUSY; SALIPUDIN TASIL MASLAMAMA; MUHAMMAD THOHAWI ELZIYAD PURNAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260111

Abstract

Abstract. Dhamayanti Y, Suryadiningrat M, Mujiburrahman A, Firdausy LW, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. 2025. The anatomy, histology, and oxidative stress level of the liver in fruit bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus). Biodiversitas 26: 102-110. Among the wildlife species known for propagating zoonoses is the fruit bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus). It is known that the liver organ serves as a detoxifying center in the only flying mammal. An examination of the liver's anatomy, histology, and oxidative stress level was essential to bridge the gap between earlier research and take into account the liver's critical function in bats. Seven bats—four males and three females—were enlisted to examine the liver's gross anatomy, histology, levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT). The study's findings, which highlight the unique aspects of bat liver anatomy and the absence of gender differences in enzyme levels, have significant implications for our understanding of zoonotic diseases. As a result, the liver is covered by connective tissue, which also separates the liver parenchyma into three lobes: the cranial, middle, and caudal lobes. The liver of a bat lacked an additional lobe, in contrast to most mammals. According to histology, the liver lobule's hepatocytes are grouped radially from the center and terminate in the central vein. The portal vein, bile ductules, and hepatic artery branches were all visible in the triad. Furthermore, this study found no significant differences (p<0.05) between male and female bats in terms of MDA (p = 0.463), SOD (p = 0.686), GPx (p = 0.455), and CAT (p = 0.443). As a reference for typical circumstances, this study concluded the anatomy, histology, and antioxidant enzymes of fruit bats' livers. Furthermore, fruit bats with normal liver conditions might be compared to the antioxidant enzyme profiles we reported.
Species distribution model and population dynamics of invasive alien plant Calliandra calothyrsus in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia IING NASIHIN; IMAM WIDHIONO; EMING SUDIANA; NURDIN NURDIN; NINA HERLINA; WITIYASTI IMANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251217

Abstract

Abstract. Nasihin I, Widhiono I, Sudiana E, Nurdin, Herlina N, Imaningsih W. 2024. Species distribution model and population dynamics of invasive alien plant Calliandra calothyrsus in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4806-4815. Invasive alien plants are a serious threat to conservation areas since they will threaten biodiversity by over-dominating species composition and reducing diversity. However, conservation area managers have not taken invasive alien plant management seriously. Calliandra calothyrsus is one of the invasive alien plant species that has been reported to occur in conservation areas. The purpose of this study was to develop a habitat suitability model and investigate population dynamics of C. calothyrsus in Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP), West Java Province, Indonesia. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) was used to build the model using 13 environmental predictors, including climate, physical, and soil characteristic variables. Population structure data were collected from 98 sampling plots, each measuring 10x10 m. The population dynamics and distribution of C. calothyrsus populations were analyzed using RangeShifter software with 50 years of simulation. The results showed an AUC value of >0.80, indicating the distribution model of C. calothyrsus has a high level of agreement between the model prediction and actual observation. Simulation analysis shows that the population of C. calothyrsus in GCNP will continue to increase over the next 50 years and spread throughout the park from where the occurrences of C. calothyrsus were recorded. The findings of this study suggest that managing the growth of the C. calothyrsus population from seedling to sapling is necessary, while restoring bare ground and shrub can prevent the spread of C. calothyrsus.
The potential of local Bacillus sp. BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2 as biocontrol agents against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum TRI NURHARIYATI; SALAMUN SALAMUN; AGUS SUPRIYANTO; TIMOTHY BAGASDO MATATIAS SINURAT; FIKA YULIANA; ALMANDO GERALDI; INTAN AYU PRATIWI; FARAH AISYAH NAFIDIASTRI; MAHDI IZZUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260719

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhariyati T, Salamun, Supriyanto A, Sinurat TBM, Yuliana F, Geraldi A, Pratiwi IA, Nafidiastri FA, Izzuddin M. 2025. The potential of local Bacillus sp. BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2 as biocontrol agents against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Biodiversitas 26: 3273-3280. Plant-pathogenic fungi can cause horticultural wilt disease. Some Bacillus species exhibit antifungal activity against plant pathogens. This study aimed to examine the effects of several indigenous Bacillus species on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The research was conducted experimentally using a 5x6 factorial design. The first factor was isolate variation, consisting of Bacillus subtilis BK7.1, Bacillus mojavensis EG6.4, Bacillus velezensis LSD4.2, a negative control (C-), and a positive control (C+). The second factor was incubation time (contact time) at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th days.  This study tested the antifungal activity of Bacillus isolates and controls against F. oxysporum using the pour plate method. The growth of the pathogenic fungus was measured based on the diameter of the growth area of F. oxysporum. Antagonistic testing was conducted to determine whether the three isolates could be combined in a biofungicide consortium. Antifungal activity test results revealed that all isolates (BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2) effectively inhibited the growth rate of F. oxysporum. Variations in isolate type, incubation time, and combinations significantly affected the inhibition of F. oxysporum growth. The antagonistic activity test yielded negative results. Therefore, isolates BK7.1, EG6.4, and LSD4.2 will be developed as biofungicide candidates for the biocontrol of plant-pathogenic fungi.
Enhanced growth and nutrient uptake of Pterocarpus indicus in asphalt post-mining soil media using local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi HUSNA HUSNA; FAISAL DANU TUHETERU; WIWIN RAHMAWATI NURDIN; RAMADIN RAMADIN; ASRIANTI ARIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260444

Abstract

Abstract. Husna, Tuheteru FD, Nurdin WR, Ramadin, Arif A. 2025. Enhanced growth and nutrient uptake of Pterocarpus indicus in asphalt post-mining soil media using local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Biodiversitas 26: 1956-1963. Local Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) were previously reported to be effective in increasing the growth and nutrient uptake of legume plant in various degraded soil media, such as serpentine, coal spoil, and tailings. The entire previous studies related to AMF were not conducted in asphalt post-mining soil media. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of local AMF inoculation on the growth and nutrient uptake of Pterocarpus indicus in asphalt post-mining soil media under Indonesian Mycorrhizal Association nursery conditions. A total of 7 treatments were tested in a 3-month experimental period by using seedlings of P. indicus. These included (A) control (no inoculation), as well as soil media inoculated with (B) Glomus coronatum, (C) Glomus claroideum, (D) Glomus halonatum, (E) mixed AMF (G. claroideum + G. coronatum), (F) mixed AMF (G. claroideum + G. halonatum), and (G) mixed AMF (G. coronatum + G. claroideum + G. halonatum). The parameters observed were AMF colonization percentage, nutrient content, plant growth, as well as the uptake of N, P, K, and Zn. After 3 months of experiment, the AMF colonization percentage in P. indicus ranged between 55.00% and 69.33%. G. claroideum and G. coronatum colonization showed higher plant growth in terms of height, diameter, number of leaves, and nodules, dry weight, as well as N, P, K, and Zn content at nursery conditions. P. indicus and mixed AMF consisting of G. claroideum and G. coronatum can be used for the restoration program in asphalt post-mining land in the tropics.
Exploring habitat characteristics and herpetofauna diversity in the Kamojang and Darajat Geothermal Power Plants, West Java, Indonesia ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA; TEGUH HUSODO; ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN; DWI RUSTAM KENDARTO; INDRI WULANDARI; M. PAHLA PUJIANTO; SYA SYA SHANIDA; FEMI AFRIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260122

Abstract

Abstract. Megantara EN, Husodo T, Mutaqin AZ, Kendarto DR, Wulandari I, Pujianto MP, Shanida SS, Afriyanti F. 2025. Exploring habitat characteristics and herpetofauna diversity in the Kamojang and Darajat Geothermal Power Plants, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 203-222. Considering their vital role in preserving ecological stability, herpetofauna are essential indicators of the environment's health. From 2019 to 2023, this project examines the herpetofauna's habitat and variety surrounding the Kamojang and Darajat Geothermal Power Plants, West Java, Indonesia. The study's objectives were to monitor species diversity, evaluate habitat conditions, and understand how land use changes affect these species. Data were gathered by vegetation analysis and visual and auditory encounter surveys in various land cover types, including natural forests, mixed gardens, pine plantations, shrubs, swamps, riparian, artificial gardens, craters, and replanting areas. The results identified 37 species of herpetofauna, including 18 amphibians and 19 reptiles. Vegetation analysis revealed that natural forests and riparian zones supported the highest species richness. In contrast, areas with monoculture vegetation, such as pine plantations, had lower biodiversity. Natural habitats tend to have lower temperatures and high humidity, creating ideal conditions for specialist species requiring a stable and humid environment. In contrast, artificial habitats have warmer temperatures and lower humidity, favoring generalist species, which are more adaptable to variable environmental conditions. Artificial habitats also provide diverse microhabitats, such as open areas for basking and shade from plant canopies, which favor certain reptiles and amphibians. Adapting species to these different conditions reflects the importance of maintaining a balance between natural habitats to support specialist species and artificial habitats for more flexible species. This combination of abiotic factors and habitat structure is key to the sustainability of herpetofauna diversity in both areas. Habitat quality was affected by human activities such as land conversion and agriculture, which decreased the diversity of herpetofauna and the vegetation structure. This study emphasizes the significance of habitat conservation and sustainable land management in maintaining biodiversity in geothermal areas.
Estimation of genetic parameters and path analysis in sweet-waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) ARYA WIDURA RITONGA; MUKHLISIN MUKHLISIN; SURJONO HADI SUTJAHJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260237

Abstract

Abstract. Ritonga AW, Mukhlisin, Sutjahjo SH. 2025. Estimation of genetic parameters and path analysis in sweet-waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina). Biodiversitas 26: 879-889. Waxy corn is commonly consumed as a staple food in Eastern Indonesia. The development of hybrid sweet-waxy corn is crucial for enhancing its quality and productivity. The information about genetic parameters and yield-related traits is essential in plant breeding programs to obtain high-yielding hybrids. This study aimed to determine the genetic variability, heritability, and yield-related traits in sweet-waxy corn hybrids. This research was carried out at two locations, Bogor and Lampung, from September 2023 to February 2024. Fifteen sweet-waxy corn hybrids were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The recorded data were plant height, ear height, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf length, the number of leaves, the number of kernels per row, the number of rows per ear, ear diameter, ear length, and ear weight without husk. The findings revealed that the G1, G7, and G12 hybrids demonstrated superior yield traits at both locations. All observed traits demonstrated high heritability, with the exception of stem diameter and the number of kernels per row. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were within the moderate to high, with percentages ranging from 4.15% to 16.69%. Correlation analysis suggested a positive association between ear weight without husks with the other traits. Ear diameter, ear length, and the number of kernels per row had highly positive direct effects on the ear weight without husks, while leaf width had a strong indirect effect through ear diameter (0.415). Thus, these traits may be utilized as selection criteria in corn breeding programs.

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