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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Ornamental plants in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia MUHD. NUR SANGADJI; AMAR AKBAR ALI; AMILA FARWIZAH TIWATU; ZAHWA ARZETI BILBINA; REGITA CAHYANI; MUH. ARDIAN SATRIO NUGRAHA; PANJI ANOM RAMAWANGSA; FATHURRAHMAN FATHURRAHMAN; ZAINUDDIN BASRI; RAMADANIL PITOPANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260603

Abstract

Abstract. Sangadji MN, Ali AA, Tiwatu AF, Bilbina ZA, Cahyani R, Nugraha MAS, Ramawangsa PA, Fathurrahman, Basri Z, Pitopang R. 2025. Ornamental Plants in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2576-2588. This research project investigating ornamental plant species in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, was conducted from May to September 2024. Furthermore, the main purpose was to document the diversity of ornamental plants in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. A botanical exploration strategy was used to observe and inventory ornamental plants in 8 districts directly. The collection and photography of all samples were conducted, followed by the identification at the Laboratory of Plant Biosystematics, Faculty of Sciences, and the Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Universitas Tadulako, Palu. Supplementary information, such as the local name, botanical name, family, and plant habitus (life form), was recorded, and then the labeled samples were deposited at CEB. The results showed a total of 264 species of ornamental plants distributed among 76 families, 197 genera, and 4 fern species, as well as 1 gymnosperm. The Euphorbiaceae family was the most extensively farmed, followed by the Arecaceae and Araceae families, with 18, 16, and 15 species, respectively. Among the 264 detected species of ornamental plants, three species were categorized under the vulnerable category of conservation status, including Adonidia merrillii palm (Arecaceae), Diospyros celebica (Ebenaceae), and Santalum album (Santalaceae). This research found that several ornamental plants were classified as Invasive Alien Plant Species (IAPS).
Phytochemical and proximate analysis of wild plants from the Gaza Strip, Palestine MOHAMAD MAHMOUD ABOU AUDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260307

Abstract

Abstract. Abou Auda MM. 2025. Phytochemical and proximate analysis of wild plants from the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Biodiversitas 26: 1085-1094. This study focused on the proximate analysis and nutritional evaluation of some mineral elements in different parts of fifteen plants collected from various locations in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The parameters analyzed include total carbohydrates, crude fiber, moisture content, ash content, total protein, and total lipids, as well as the nutritional value. The study found significant differences in the chemical composition among the plants. The highest calculated nutritive value was for the Polygonum equisetiforme stem (410.01 Kcal/100g), while the lowest was for the Silybum marianum leaf (286.75 Kcal/100g). The findings revealed that the investigated plants might serve as valuable sources of many significant macro-nutrients, such as N, P, and K. The N concentration was highest in the Sinapis arvensis leaf (2.6%) and lowest in the Polygonum equisetiforme stem (0.44%). The P concentration was highest in Centaurea iberica leaf (0.3%) and lowest in P. equisetiforme leaf (0.18%). The K concentration was highest in the S. arvensis flower (4.33%) and lowest in the P. equisetiforme stem (1.4%). The findings revealed that these plants could serve as nutritional supplements and therapeutic aids as they are rich in essential nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and fibers. Additionally, their significant mineral contents that make them beneficial for addressing malnutrition and supporting livestock growth.
Variability of agronomic characters and seed quality of 12 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes ADITYA KUSUMAWARDANA; SATRIYAS ILYAS; ABDUL QADIR; TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; SOERANTO HUMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260210

Abstract

Abstract. Kusumawardana A, Ilyas S, Qadir A, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Human S. 2025. Variability of agronomic characters and seed quality of 12 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes. Biodiversitas 26: 628-635. Sorghum is a nutrient-rich food crop, an alternative commodity to substitute rice and other cereal crops, and can be grown on dry land; thus, it is important for food diversification to support food security and sustainable agriculture development in Indonesia. Utilization of high-quality seeds of superior varieties will improve sorghum productivity and quality. This study aimed to characterize the performance of 12 sorghum genotypes and identify potential lines for developing superior varieties. The planting materials used were nine BRIN sorghum lines (GHP-2, GHP-16, CTY-43, GH-1, GH-7, GH-9, G-5, G-7, G-8) and three national varieties (Bioguma 1, Pahat, Samurai 2). This research was conducted from June to October 2024 at the Institut Pertanian Bogor Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor, and Seed Quality Testing Development Center for Food Crops and Horticulture, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The experimental design was a single-factor (genotypes) randomized complete block design with four replications. Seeds were planted in plots of 1x2.8 m with a spacing of 70x20 cm. Observations were made on agronomic characters and seed quality. The characters of plant height, 1000-seed weight, flowering age, and seed weight per plot significantly differed among genotypes. GH-9 line showed the highest productivity (2467.61 g seeds per plot) and 1000-seed weight (33.7 g). Of the 12 genotypes tested, the flowering ages ranged from 57 to 65 days after planting, with the fastest flowering age (57 days) on the CTY-43 line. Plant height measurements showed the lowest plant height (123.4 cm) on GHP-16, while the highest was GH-7 (228.9 cm).
Malacofauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) community structure in a protected landscape of Tabunan Forest, Cebu City, Philippines RAAMAH ROSALES; LEA COLITA; ZERRY AYN RETUBADO; JOED CABALLERO; EDGARDO LILLO; ARCHIEBALD BALTAZAR MALAKI; RENISSA QUIÑONES; EMMA SACAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260608

Abstract

Abstract. Rosales R, Colita L, Retubado ZA, Caballero J, Lillo E, Malaki AB, Quiñones R, Sacan E. 2025. Malacofauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda) community structure in a protected landscape of Tabunan Forest, Cebu City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 2631-2639. Malacofauna play a crucial role in sustaining the ecological health of forest ecosystems. They serve as an essential food source for other organisms and play a key role in nutrient cycling. This study aimed to establish an inventory of terrestrial snails in a protected landscape of Tabunan Forest, Cebu Island, Philippines. A two-person team conducted sampling on three permanent plots. The study listed 57 individuals represented by 11 species belonging to nine genera and eight families. Seven families belong to the air-breathing pulmonate group, Order Stylommatophora: Helicinidae, Chronidae, Bradybaenidae, Achatinidae, Trochomorphidae, Zoonitidae, and Camaenidae. One family belongs to the prosobranch group, Order Caenogastopoda: Cyclophoridae. The most abundant were Geophorus acutus and Geophorus agglutinans. Ryssota oweniana has the widest geographical distribution with 100% constancy rate with recorded occurrence in all plots. Seven out of 11 species were recorded only in one plot while two species were recorded in two plots. The result showed a highly restricted distribution of the land snail species in the protected landscape. The limited geographic distribution can adversely affect the reproduction capacity and population growth of the land snail species. The low population density may also indicate that the forest is undergoing environmental pressure either from human activities or climatic change. It is recommended that future studies be conducted to monitor the status of the land snail population within the protected landscape.
Assessing the potential of alternative energy from mangrove species in Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia ENDANG HILMI; FITRI WINTARTI; MUKHTAR EFFENDI; MOH HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA; RAHAB RAHAB; NORMAN ARIE PRAYOGO; TEUKU JUNAIDI; HENDRAYANA HENDRAYANA; TRI NUR CAHYO; ROSE DEWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260627

Abstract

Abstract. Hilmi E, Wintarti F, Effendi M, Sastranegara MH, Rahab, Prayogo NA, Junaidi T, Hendrayana, Cahyo TN, Dewi R. 2025. Assessing the potential of alternative energy from mangrove species in Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2832-2842. Mangroves have the potential to be developed for alternative energy to support the utilization of non-renewable energy because mangrove species have high carbon content, high caloric value, and high bulk density. This research aimed to analyze the potential of mangrove species as alternative energy resource to reduce non-renewable energy using the analysis of carbon percentage, caloric value, and fuel fumes. This research used destructive approach and laboratory analysis to analyze energy properties of mangrove species in Segara Anakan, Cilacap District, Central Java, Indonesia. The energy properties included percentage of fixed carbon (%), percentage of charcoal (%), wood density (gr/cm3), fuel fumes (ppm), total Sulphur (%), caloric energy value (cal/gr) and class of energy using SNI (Indonesian National Standards) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) systems. This study also analyzed relationship between carbon percentage and energy properties. Mangroves in Segara Anakan contained biomass between 341.90-493.93 ton/ha with carbon percentage between 50.8-63.2% (average 59.1%), fuel fumes between 512.3-640.0 ppm (average 589.0 ppm) and caloric energy value between 6235-7230 cal/gr (average 6796.3 cal/gr). Lanscape scale analysis revealed that Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Ceriops tagal had the highest potential to produce alternative energy as a substitute for non-renewable energy. These species are recommended for mangrove rehabilitation and reforestation if aiming to generate renewable energy resource.
Morphological selection of teak (Tectona grandis) clones resistant to mistletoe infestation ZAINAL MUTTAQIN; FEBI NURILMALA NUH; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAIN SIREGAR; ARIS WIBOWO; SRI RAHAYU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261002

Abstract

Abstract. Muttaqin Z, Nuh FN, Siregar IZ, Wibowo A, Rahayu S. 2025. Morphological selection of teak (Tectona grandis) clones resistant to mistletoe infestation. Biodiversitas 26: 4851-4864. Until now, study about the teak clones of Jati Plus Perhutani (JPP) resistance to mistletoe, which is very rarely of it in both Indonesia and other regions. The purpose of this study focuses on selecting teak clones with resistance to mistletoe by analyzing their morphological characters. In the study location at East Java, Indonesia, both the Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) plot in Padangan, the JPP plot and the Seed Production Stand (SPS) plot in KPH Ngawi, the sample plot design follows the modified EFForTS/CRC990 guidelines. By contrast, the JPP plot utilizes the "tree pair method," where one stripe plot is free of mistletoe, whereas a paired stripe contains mistletoe. The parameters observed in related to the morphology of teak clones include 52 characters. Data analysis used the MVSP software, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the significance of each morphological character based on the Eigenvalue and the percentage of variance of PCA. The phenogram results for CSO Padangan revealed five clusters have mixed both mistletoe-free and mistletoe-affected trees. The JPP plot exhibited two clusters with one cluster clearly consisted of teak trees without mistletoe. The SPS plot also displayed two clusters of only one cluster distinctly contained teak trees without mistletoe relatively. The key resistant teak clones identified were four morphological descriptors found mainly in the JPP plot showed a positive correlation: total height, number of branches, the leaf vein corners, the leaf base shape, the base of stem groove. Conversely, six characters exhibited a negative correlation: branch free height, petiole length, bark thickness, inner stem color, upper surface of the leaf, leaf flesh. Furthermore, it will be needed to test similarity some morphological descriptors significantly from the result of this study compare with of them of plants of tissue culture that taken of shoots superior teak clone.
Characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from strawberry rhizosphere and their potency to increase seedling growth FEBBY FITRIYANI; REGINAWANTI HINDERSAH; RINA DEVNITA; SYARIFUL MUBAROK; MASAKAZU NAKAYAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260445

Abstract

Abstract. Fitriyani F, Hindersah R, Devnita R, Mubarok S, Nakayama M. 2025. Characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from strawberry rhizosphere and their potency to increase seedling growth. Biodiversitas 26: 1964-1974. Nitrogen is vital for plant metabolism and strawberry production. Many farmers heavily rely on inorganic fertilizers to meet their nitrogen requirements, which can have adverse environmental impacts. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria (NFB) offer an alternative nitrogen source for sustainable strawberry cultivation. This study aimed to isolate and characterize NFB from potted soil and evaluate their potential to enhance strawberry growth and development. NFB was isolated using nitrogen-free media and characterized based on colony and cell morphology, biochemical properties, and growth-promoting abilities. A total of 21 NFB isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere and bulk soil of six-month-old potted strawberries. The isolates were predominantly Gram-negative and exhibited capsule formation. Eleven isolates underwent detailed biochemical characterization, and three were found to fix nitrogen, produce phytohormones, and synthesize exopolysaccharides. Among these, P. megaterium IA-7 exhibited the highest production of nitrogen (4.23 ?mol mL-1g-1h-1), IAA (31.29 ?g mL-1) and gibberellin (21.73 ?g mL-1), while P. aeruginosa 4A-5 demonstrated superior EPS (4.6 g L-1), and cytokinin production (1.47 ?g mL-1). The in-planta experiment revealed that a 1% inoculant significantly increased leaf number (32.5%) and crown diameter (42.44%) compared to the control treatment. These results underscore that the NFB isolated from the strawberry rhizosphere and bulk soil have promising potential as biofertilizers, offering sustainable alternatives to chemical fertilizers that reduce environmental impact and support eco-friendly farming.
Short Communication: Mangrove area and mangrove carbon stock in the coastal city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia WIRA DHARMA; ANGGI PRATIWI; SAIDA RASNOVI; DALIL SUTEKAD; ROSMADI FAUZI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260410

Abstract

Abstract. Dharma W, Pratiwi A, Rasnovi S, Sutekad D, Fauzi R. 2025. Short Communication: Mangrove area and mangrove carbon stock in the coastal city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1582-1589. Climate change or global warming refers to the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to the greenhouse effect, with CO2 being one of the primary contributors. This has caused global temperatures to rise, significantly altering weather patterns, melting polar ice caps, and rising sea levels, which impacts the environment and public health. To mitigate carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, it is essential to enhance carbon absorption by utilizing mangrove vegetation. This study aims to assess the extent of mangrove areas in four sub-districts of Banda Aceh City and determine the associated mangrove carbon stocks. The research method employed the ArcGIS 10.8 software using Sentinel-2A satellite imagery (surface reflectance), accessed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, to calculate mangrove areas and carbon stocks. The results indicate that the Kuta Raja Sub-district has the largest mangrove area of 93.7531 ha, followed by Syiah Kuala (75.4098 ha), Kuta Alam (50.6548 ha), and Meuraxa (41.9272 ha). Regarding mangrove carbon stocks, the Kuta Alam Sub-district exhibits the highest carbon stock value in high-density class, ranging from 15.99 to 40.78 t C ha-1, followed by Kuta Raja (18.50-38.97 t C ha-1), Meuraxa (11.07-34.00 t C ha-1) and Syiah Kuala (9.71-28.43 t C ha-1).
Diversity, abundance, and ecological roles of insect pollinators in red guava flowers (Psidium guajava) in East Java, Indonesia BUDI PURWANTININGSIH; AMIN SETYO LEKSONO; BAGYO YANUWIYADI; ZULFAIDAH PENATA GAMA; SAIFUL ARIF ABDULLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260320

Abstract

Abstract. Purwantiningsih B, Leksono AS, Yanuwiyadi B, Gama ZP, Abdullah SA. 2025. Diversity, abundance, and ecological roles of insect pollinators in red guava flowers (Psidium guajava) in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1211-1219. Red guava (Psidium guajava) is a high-value crop with relatively easy cultivation requirements. However, the decline in pollinating insects is a global issue that has led to reduced guava productivity and harvest yields. This study aimed to analyze the abundance, richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance of insects visiting red guava flowers, as well as to visually examine their visitation patterns across five locations in East Java, Indonesia: Pademonegoro, Tlekung, Oro-Oro Ombo, Junrejo, and Mulyoagung, and assess the ecological roles. A total of 3432 individual insects from 17 families and five orders were identified, with pollinators dominating in all locations. Junrejo exhibited the highest abundance (29.11%) but low diversity (0.78), whereas Pademonegoro had the highest diversity (1.80) with moderate abundance. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in insect composition between locations (p>0.05), although PCA analysis indicated variations in insect characteristics at certain sites. Insect activity was influenced by flowering periods, temperature, and light intensity, with peak activity varying across locations. These findings underscore the critical role of pollinators, particularly the Apidae family, in red guava pollination, highlighting their significant contribution. The study also highlights the diverse adaptations of insect communities to their local environments, providing insights into sustainable agroecosystem management through pollinator conservation.
Ethnomedicine study of medicinal plants as malaria treatments in Moi Tribe, Southwest Papua, Indonesia ANISA TRI HUTAMI; WIWIED EKASARI; MARCELLINO RUDYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260311

Abstract

Abstract. Hutami AT, Ekasari W, Rudyanto M. 2025. Ethnomedicine study of medicinal plants as malaria treatments in Moi Tribe, Southwest Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1124-1134. Moi Tribe is the indigenous tribe in Sorong District and Raja Ampat of the Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia, that still holds onto their traditional value, including maintaining their health. Living in the eastern part of Indonesia, where malaria is still prevalent, the Moi Tribe still use the traditional method to treat their illness using medicinal herbs according to the knowledge that has been passed down from their ancestor. Ethnomedicine is a study of the perception and conception of a local tribe in order to understand health, or a study to investigate the traditional medical system of a tribal community. The purpose of this study was to gain information on the use of natural products by the Moi Tribe community in Kampung Malaumkarta, Sorong District to treat malaria. The qualitative research method was employed, with in-depth interviews, purposive, and snowball sampling. The inclusion and exclusion criteria qualified 30 people as informants. The study's results indicate that, depending on the route of administration, 10 single concoctions are administered orally, while two plants are administered topically. Based on the number of citations, the most widely used traditional antimalaria plants are the stems of tali kuning (Arcangelisia flava) with 0.96 RFC (Relative Frequency of Citation) index, papaya leaf (Carica papaya) with 0.7 RFC, and leaf of Orthosiphon aristatus with 0.26 RFC. The most common mode of preparation of the herbal medicines is to boil them in two glasses of water, strain them, and drink the decoction. They usually consume a glass of the concoction twice a day until the condition improves, which typically takes two days. The topical treatments include the use of itchy leaves (Laportea decumana) that are rubbed onto the body part that feels sore, leaf of Premna serratifolia is rubbed on the forehead to relieve headaches. Most of the plants that are used by the tribe have been shown to have various pharmacological effects.

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