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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Vegetation diversity and carbon stock in gold mining reclamation area in Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia SYAIFUL HABIB; MAHAWAN KARUNIASA; LULUK SETYANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261009

Abstract

Abstract. Habib S, Karuniasa M, Setyaningsih L. 2025. Vegetation diversity and carbon stock in gold mining reclamation area in Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4932-4945. Global greenhouse gas emissions set a new record of 57.1 GtCO2e in 2023, an increase of 1.3 percent from 2022 levels. One of the efforts to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in the mining industry can be done by reclaiming ex-mining land through revegetation. The objective of study was to analyze vegetation diversity and carbon dioxide absorption in the reclamation area of gold mining in Pongkor, West Java Province, Indonesia. The method used for this study was quantitative observation by measuring the number of species, density, frequency and growth of vegetation to calculate diversity index (H'), vegetation biomass and its ability to absorb carbon in the post-mined area reclaimed from 2014 to 2023 covering an area of 21.6 ha. The results of the study showed that the Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H') of tree, pole, sapling and lower-level plant was in the moderate category (1<H'<3). The reclamation area of 21.56 ha was able to absorb carbon dioxide cumulatively of 3,237.98 tons or contributed 5.89% of CO2 emissions by the mining company. Reclamation in the gold mining area is able to restore the ecology of vegetation and absorb carbon dioxide emissions generated from mining activities. However, 10 years of reclamation and revegetation activities still does not offset carbon emissions resulted from the mining activities, suggesting a longer period of restoration with strong monitoring efforts to fully compensate the carbon footprint.
Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria obtained from intensive snakehead fish (Channa striata) culture ponds NGUYEN TRI YEN CHI; NGUYEN LU KHOI MINH; QUACH VAN CAO THI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260316

Abstract

Abstract. Chi NTY, Minh NLK, Thi QVC. 2025. Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria obtained from intensive snakehead fish (Channa striata) culture ponds. Biodiversitas 26: 1171-1179. Intensively farmed snakehead fish (Channa striata, hereinafter referred to as C. striata) in Vinh Long Province of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, have suffered significant harm from Aeromonas schubertii (hereinafter can be written as A. schubertii), the causative agent of visceral white spot disease. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to collect and select Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) with potential probiotic properties. The finding revealed that twenty-three LAB strains were yielded from pond water samples and fish guts. Regarding probiotic features, eleven of twenty-three LAB strains exhibited antagonistic activity against A. schubertii. Among them, strain LABB, which displayed the highest antibacterial activity, was classified as Lactiplantibacillus based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic analysis results in the investigation. After 24 hours of incubation, strain LABB was able to survive in media with a pH between 2.0 and 4.0. Strain LABB, in particular, showed the ability to withstand bile salt at contents of 0.3% and 0.5% after being inoculated for 24 and 3 hours, respectively. Besides, the findings also revealed that the strain LABB could produce extracellular enzymes such as protease, amylase, and cellulase. Additionally, this bacterial strain was susceptible to penicillin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and chloramphenicol. According to research findings, LABB may be used to manage A. schubertii, which causes visceral white spot disease in farmed snakehead fish.
Diversity and bioactivity of endophytic fungi isolated from various fruit organs of Physalis angulata BUDI EKO WAHYUDI; ELFITA ELFITA; HARY WIDJAJANTI; SALNI SALNI; ELIZA ELIZA; JULINAR JULINAR; EVA MUSIFA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260349

Abstract

Abstract. Wahyudi BE, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Salni, Eliza, Julinar, Musifa E. 2025. Diversity and bioactivity of endophytic fungi isolated from various fruit organs of Physalis angulata. Biodiversitas 26: 1485-1499. Physalis angulata plant is known by Indonesian people for its efficacy as a traditional medicine. The fruit is traditionally known as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The efficacy of this fruit can also be obtained through its endophytic fungi isolated from parts organ of namely peduncle, calyx and pericarp all these aspects. The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi from different organs of P. angulata fruit, namely peduncle, calyx and pericarp and determine the diversity, bioactivity and phytochemical content while comparing all aspects with the host. Endophytic fungi were isolated from peduncle, calyx and pericarp using sterile Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The fungi were cultured on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) for 4 weeks, then partitioned in ethyl acetate and evaporated using rotary evaporator. The host plant organs were macerated in methanol solvent and evaporated. The antioxidant activity was tested by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while the antibacterial activity tested by the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Potential compounds were analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), then Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the compounds contained in the extract. The results showed that a total of 18 fungal isolates were obtained from the plant, including 5 isolates from the peduncle (CT1-CT5), 7 isolates from the calyx (EP1-EP7), and 6 isolates from the pericarp (BP1-BP6) which were belonged to 11 genera. Aspergillus was the dominant fungus as it was obtained from the peduncle, calyx and pericarp. The overall bioactivity of endophytic fungi was better than its host. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were not comparable, some extracts had weak antibacterial but strong antioxidants. Isolate CT5-(Diaporthe sp.) was selected for LC-MS/MS analysis because it showed very strong activity. The results of present research provide information that endophytic fungi of P. angulata fruit have great potential to support medical development in the discovery of new therapeutic agents from nature.
Cytogenetic characterization of Guaiacum officinale, chromosome number and conservation management VACHIRAPORN PIKULTHONG; BAGHER JAVADI; SUTHIRA MANEECHAI; METHANEE HOMTHONG; PIYAWAN SARAKIT; CHANTANA THONGPRAPHA; PUANGPAKA UMPUNJUN; SUPAJIT SRAPHET; ALONGKLOD TANOMTONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261108

Abstract

Abstract. Pikulthong V, Javadi B, Maneechai S, Homthong M, Sarakit P, Thongprapha C, Umpunjun P, Sraphet S, Tanomtong A. 2025. Cytogenetic characterization of Guaiacum officinale, chromosome number and conservation management. Biodiversitas 26: 5468-5475. Guaiacum officinale, commonly known as lignum vitae (Kaew Chao Chom), is a tree species in the Zygophyllaceae family valued for its ecological and economic importance but threatened by overexploitation. Cytological studies of this endangered species remain scarce. This study presents the first cytogenetic analysis of G. officinale, focusing on both mitotic and meiotic processes. Root tip samples were collected between 05:00 and 12:00 to examine mitosis, while young flower buds were collected between 06:00 and 13:00 to analyze meiosis. Peak mitotic activity occurred at 10:00, although the very small chromosome size and limited spreading during slide preparation posed challenges for accurate counting. In contrast, meiotic analysis at 08:00 provided clear evidence of 12 bivalents at metaphase I, establishing a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 24. Chromosome pairing was generally regular, with occasional anomalies observed, but overall meiotic stability indicated high fertility and strong reproductive potential. These findings clarify the chromosomal behavior of G. officinale and demonstrate its diploid, cytologically stable nature. The results provide a critical baseline for understanding taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within Zygophyllaceae and offer essential guidance for conservation and sustainable management of this endangered species. These findings represent the first cytogenetic report of G. officinale in Thailand and provide baseline data for future taxonomic, genetic, and conservation studies of this threatened species.
Bat species on Timor Island, Indonesia FADLAN PRAMATANA; MHD MUHAJIR HASIBUAN; RIZKI KURNIA TOHIR; CHRISTO EDUARDUS TAE; FARIS FATHUROHMAN; IBNU MARYANTO; SIGIT WIANTORO; NANANG SUPRIATNA; I GUSTI BAGUS ADWITA ARSA; NIXON RAMMANG; ALOYSIUS MARAWALI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260205

Abstract

Abstract. Pramatana F, Hasibuan MM, Tohir RK, Tae CE, Fathurohman F, Maryanto I, Wiantoro S, Supriatna N, Arsa IGBA, Rammang N, Marawali A. 2025. Bat species on Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 564-571. Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, is one of the Lesser Sunda regions with unique biodiversity. Updating information as a database needs to be carried out to become the basis for conservation actions at the species and ecosystem levels, considering that bat species are very vulnerable to habitat destruction. This research aims to collect a checklist of bat species on Timor Island by selecting sampling locations based on the habitat's climatic conditions. The study was conducted in 10 research locations, including conservation, forest, village, and one disturbance area. Data was collected using mist nets, harp traps, and interviews with local communities. Suppose there is a record or a species that is doubtful in its identification, a specimen will be made and will then send samples to the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Indonesia. Bat research in the Timor Island area was carried out in 1979 and recorded twenty-two species of bats. However, the locations in that research are spread across the Timor Leste region. This study on Timor Island, Indonesia, recorded twenty bat species, including a new record of Dobsonia viridis in the Lesser Sunda Island region. This species was previously documented only in Celebes and Moluccas.
The bushmeat trade in traditional markets in North Sulawesi, Indonesia TILTJE ANDRETHA RANSALELEH; INDYAH WAHYUNI; MERRI DIANA ROTINSULU; MEIS JACINTA NANGOY; AGUSTINUS LOMBOAN; JANE ONIBALA; SYLVIA LAATUNG; LIDYA SIULCE KALANGI; SURYO SAPUTRO; SIGIT WIANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260442

Abstract

Abstract. Ransaleleh TA, Wahyuni I, Rotinsulu MD, Nangoy MJ, Lomboan A, Onibala J, Laatung S, Kalangi LS, Saputro S, Wiantoro S. 2025. The bushmeat trade in traditional markets in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1929-1939. The bushmeat trade, which involves harvesting wild animal meat, is causing significant changes in the ecological balance of flora and fauna, with potential implications for human health and well-being. Traditional markets in several districts and cities in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, serve as centers for the bushmeat trade. Therefore, this study aimed to inventory and map the locations of market centers for bushmeat trade, provide current data, and monitor the types of endemic wild animals that are protected but are used as food in North Sulawesi. Hence, 11 markets were surveyed, namely Dumoga, Imandi, Ibolian, Amurang, Motoling, Kawangkoan, Langowan, Beriman, Airmadidi, Bersehati, and Pinasungkulan. Direct observations were implemented in each market every month from April to September 2024. The obtained data were then identified, tabulated, analyzed, and described in a descriptive manner. The results showed that the types of traded bushmeat were wild boar, bats, white-tailed forest rats, rice field rats, Sulawesi bear cuscus, Small Sulawesi cuscus, weris birds, and rice field snakes. Two species of cuscus are endemic to Sulawesi and adjacent islands and are listed as threatened species under the IUCN Red List. Moreover, the small Sulawesi cuscus is protected under Indonesian regulations. The two species of bats identified were Acerodon celebensis and Styloctenium wallacei, both of which are endemic to Sulawesi and listed as threatened species under the IUCN. Our observation showed that bushmeat trade was. Found in all 11 traditional markets in North Sulawesi, providing endemic and non-endemic and, as well as protected species under government regulation. Further conservation interventions are needed, including law enforcement strategies, education, and public awareness about the role of wild animals in providing ecosystem services and maintaining ecological balance in the surrounding environment.
Molecular and risk-based approaches to the status of Goldbanded Jobfish Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1871) in Kupang, Indonesia DIAH PERMATA WIJAYANTI; ELIS INDRAYANTI; DWI HARYANTI; MIKE KUSUMA WIJAYANTI; ZACKY GHIFFARI ELMIR; FARIDZ RIZAL FACHRI; RANJEET BHAGOOLI; YOKO NOZAWA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260242

Abstract

Abstract. Wijayanti DP, Indrayanti E, Haryanti D, Wijayanti MK, Elmir ZG, Fachri FR, Bhagooli R, Nozawa Y. 2025. Molecular and risk-based approaches to the status of Goldbanded Jobfish Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1871) in Kupang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 928-940. Snappers are economically valuable and important fishing activities in Indonesia. However, the lack of data on the stock status contributes to the uncertainty of the sustainability of the fisheries. We employed the Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA gene to analyze the genetic diversity of the fish in combination with the Risk-Based Framework (RBF) methods of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) to assess the status of the Goldbanded jobfish (Pristipomoides multidens, Day, 1871) fishery at Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Results indicated that all specimens collected from Kupang District belong to Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1871), forming 2 clades. The clades have a low genetic distance, which likely suggests the fish are caught from the same fishing area. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction indicated potential genetic sub-divisions in the snapper population in the Timor Sea. The Risk-Based Framework approach showed the risk potency of the fishing activity has a low effect on the Goldbanded Jobfish, the baitfishes such as mackerel tuna, scads, Indian mackerel and squids, and most of the by-catch fishes. The final MSC score for the Goldbanded Jobfish fishery was 74, below the MSC £80 guide post, suggesting a medium risk potential faced by the fishery. Therefore, catch regulations, such as harvest control rules or open-close fishing should be applied to sustain the fishery.
Different effects of local and landscape factors on the population density of two fruit fly species in Indonesian apple orchards SHERLITA OCTAVINA RACHMA PUTRI; AKHMAD RIZALI; SILVI IKAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260506

Abstract

Abstract. Putri SOR, Rizali A, Ikawati S. 2025. Different effects of local and landscape factors on the population density of two fruit fly species in Indonesian apple orchards. Biodiversitas 26: 2079-2087. Apple production in Indonesia faces significant challenges due to pests, particularly fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Recently, management strategies for controlling fruit flies in apple orchards have often overlooked the influence of local and landscape-level factors. The objective of this study is to investigate how these factors affect fruit fly population densities in apple orchard. Research was conducted in nine apple orchards in East Java, Indonesia. For each orchard, the landscape was characterized by manual digitization the area within a 500 m radius from the center of the plot. To sample fruit flies, attractant traps were used along with rearing symptomatic fruits. Three species of fruit flies were identified in the apple orchards, with Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis being the most abundant. In contrast, B. umbrosa was found only in one research site. Using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis, it was determined that local factors, such as the frequency of pesticide application and canopy cover), as well as landscape factors, including class area and the number of patches of semi-natural habitats and apple orchards, influenced the population density of B. carambolae. On the other hand, B. dorsalis was only affected by a landscape factor, specifically class area of semi-natural habitats. Spatial variation of B. carambolae within the apple orchards was also influenced by a local factor (canopy cover) and a landscape factor (class area of semi-natural habitats). However, B. dorsalis was not affected by either type of factor. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding local and landscape factors to develop effective management strategies for different species of fruit flies in apple orchards.
Flowering, fruit set and breeding systems of Habenaria janellehayneana and H. rhodocheila in Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Thailand THEERA THUMMAVONSA; CHUTHAPOND MUSIMUN; SANTI WATTHANA; NOODUAN MUANGSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260716

Abstract

Abstract. Thummavonsa T, Musimun C, Watthana S, Muangsan N. 2025. Flowering, fruit set and breeding systems of Habenaria janellehayneana and H. rhodocheila in Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 3246-3251. Reproductive biology studies are important information for orchids conservation in natural habitats, especially ones which have high potential for economic use. Over-collection is a main threat of orchid species with economic value. Moreover, the reduction of the habitat and climate change may result in population decline or extinction. Fruit set data is a preliminary evaluating the population survival, valuable for population conservation. This study aimed to examine flowering, natural fruit set and breeding systems of Habenaria janellehayneana and H. rhodocheila, attractive terrestrial orchids for pot plants, in Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Phitsanulok Province, Northern Thailand to collect basic information for in situ conservation. Two studied plots, 50x50 m plots of each species, were established to investigate the flowering and fruit set. Three experiments of hand-pollination, untouched, self- and cross-pollination were performed to compare with natural pollination to determine the breeding systems. Leaf length and shoot length showed no correlation with fruit set (r<0.5), while the number of flowers per inflorescence was slightly correlated (r=0.6). This result indicates that plant size is not a factor for fruit production, but the number of flowers per inflorescence is likely to be the factor to attract the pollinator. Natural fruit set is notably high in both species as they are nectar-rewarding species. Both species exhibited genetically self-incompatibility and non-autogamous but required pollinators for successful reproduction. Habenaria janellehayneana is firstly reported on its breeding system and fruit set, exhibiting as the main traits of the genus Habenaria. Moderately high number of fruit set in both species indicated that no pollinator scarcity. Maintaining the ecosystem of their habitat is necessary for conserve these orchid populations.
Short Communication: Prediction of body weight using morphometric measurements in Creole goats from Peru MIGUEL PAREDES-CHOCCE; EMMANUEL SESSAREGO; LUCINDA TAFUR; VICTOR TEMOCHE; JORGE SALINAS; IRENE ACOSTA; JOSE RUIZ; JUANCARLOS CRUZ; FRITZ TRILLO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260710

Abstract

Abstract. Paredes-Chocce M, Sessarego E, Tafur L, Temoche V, Salinas J, Acosta I, Ruiz J, Cruz J, Trillo F. 2025. Short Communication: Prediction of body weight using morphometric measurements in Creole goats from Peru. Biodiversitas 26: 3193-3198. Goats are an important component of smallholder family farms along the coast and highlands of Peru. The weight of an animal is an important indicator of the production and economy of farmers in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models for Body Weight (BW) using Morphometric Measurements (MM) of Creole goats (Capra hircus) in Perú. BW and five MM were collected from 356 goats from the coast and highlands of Peru. Variables were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis to select the best model based on the coefficient of determination (r2), adjusted r2, Residual Standard Error (RSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using the RStudio statistical software. The highest correlation was found between BW and TG (0.76), followed by RW (0.67), and RH (0.65). The combinations of MM selected as predictors of BW by stepwise regression were TG, RH, and RW, with r2: 0.640. The selected candidate model met all established tests and, upon validation, reached an r2 of 0.66 (p<0.001), indicating that the model can adequately predict the BW of Peruvian Creole goats and serve as a practical tool to support selection programs, feeding strategies, and market decision-making in smallholder systems.

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