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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Morphological patterns of oblong slipmouth Photolateralis stercorarius populations in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia MOH. TAUHID UMAR; SHARIFUDDIN BIN ANDY OMAR; FAISAL AMIR; ANDI ALIAH HIDAYANI; ANDI PARENRENGI; ABIGAIL MARY MOORE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260418

Abstract

Abstract. Umar MT, Omar SBA, Amir F, Hidayani AA, Parenrengi A, Moore AM. 2025. Morphological patterns of oblong slipmouth Photolateralis stercorarius populations in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1675-1690. Slipmouths or ponyfishes (Leiognathidae) are important fisheries commodities in Indonesia. Morphological identification of leiognathids can be challenging, with ongoing taxonomic revisions including recent recognition of the genus Photolateralis. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare (between sites and by sex) the morphological traits of slipmouths (30 males and 30 females per site) from two sites in the Makassar Strait, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Qualitative and quantitative (morphometric and meristic) morphological traits were recorded. Statistical analyses included Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (PAST v4.17) and discriminant analysis (XLSTAT 2019.2.2.). All specimens were identified as the oblong slipmouth P. stercorarius. The analyses showed that P. stercorarius is sexually dimorphic; males displayed a bluish longitudinal line just below the body midline, and on average females were longer than males (fork length and standard length). Meristic traits did not differ significantly by sex or between sites. Both dissimilarity and discriminant function analyses showed significant differences between the sites and between males and females at each site. The results reveal morph variation in Makassar Strait P. stercorarius populations, indicating the populations at each site may belong to a demographically separated and/or genetically distinct stock. This has implications for fisheries management, as fish stocks should be managed separately, entailing the need to determine stock boundaries.
Digestive tract microbiota composition of white shrimp with symptoms of White Feces Syndrome (WFS) causing high mortality in Pasuruan, Indonesia WORO HASTUTI SATYANTINI; KARINA KRISTANTI EKARANI RAHARDJO; MUHAMAD AMIN; AKHMAD TAUFIQ MUKTI; SAPTO ANDRIYONO; INA SALWANY MD. YASIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260216

Abstract

Abstract. Satyantini WH, Rahardjo KKE, Amin M, Mukti AT, Andriyono S, Yasin ISM. 2025. Digestive tract microbiota composition of white shrimp with symptoms of White Feces Syndrome (WFS) causing high mortality in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 690-697. Disease outbreaks remain one of the leading causes of failure in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)) farming, with White Feces Syndrome (WFS) continuing to pose a significant challenge. In Pasuruan Regency, particularly in Gerongan and Kalianyar Villages, shrimp farmers have reported alarming mortality rates associated with this disease, often experiencing high shrimp death rates within a single day. This study aimed to determine the primary pathogen responsible for WFS by analyzing differences in the microbial composition between healthy and infected shrimp using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Shrimp samples were collected from two villages in Pasuruan where WFS outbreaks had been reported. In Gerongan Village, sampling was conducted at DOC 22, while in Kalianyar Village, it was carried out at DOC 51. Each village provided two shrimp samples: healthy shrimp and those showing disease symptoms. Healthy shrimp were identified by the absence of visible disease symptoms, such as pale hepatopancreas, empty digestive tracts, and floating white feces. Sampling was conducted manually between 10 AM and 12 PM to minimize stress. The shrimp were immediately placed in sterile cool boxes with ice packs, maintaining a temperature of approximately 4°C to preserve gut microbiota and prevent microbial degradation. The shrimp gut samples were analyzed to identify the microbial composition, revealing that the dominant bacteria in the guts of WFS-infected shrimp were pathogenic species, including Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio coralliilyticus. These pathogens are suspected to be the main causative agents of WFS outbreaks in the studied areas.
Ethnobotany of sacred plants and agricultural rituals among the Kanayatn Dayak in Ambawang Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia SITI USWATUN HASANAH; SYAMSWISNA SYAMSWISNA; WOLLY CANDRAMILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260631

Abstract

Abstract. Hasanah SU, Syamswisna, Candramila W. 2025. Ethnobotany of sacred plants and agricultural rituals among the Kanayatn Dayak in Ambawang Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2882-2894. The Dayak Kanayatn people in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, uphold their customs, reflecting their dependence on nature through traditional ceremonies that utilize plants, which are vital for their cultural and heritage conservation. These rituals not only have social value but also aid in biodiversity conservation through locally inherited wisdom. This research documents the use of plants in Bahuma, the traditional agricultural rituals of the Dayak Kanayatn community, conducted in Ambawang Village, Kubu Sub-district, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, to support the preservation of their traditions and ethnobotanical knowledge. The study took place from March to July 2023 across four hamlets (Tanah Kuning, Parit Sembilan, Kuala Ambawang, and Medan Sri). The study employed surveys, field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants, and documentation of plant specimens used in ceremonies. Data analysis qualitatively categorized agricultural rituals and their associated plants, organizing the information by name, classification, parts utilized, significance in rituals, and collection locations. The community preserves the Adat Bahuma agricultural ritual, comprising six key ceremonies related to rice planting and involving 24 plant species, primarily from the Araceae and Poaceae families. While reflecting their spiritual connection to rice cultivation and reliance on local plants, the Dayak Kanayatn community faces challenges in conserving declining species crucial to their cultural practices.
Morphological characterization and clustering analysis of three local jackfruit cultivars (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in Lamongan District, East Java, Indonesia LISA ROHMATUL ULLAH; PUTUT RAKHMAD PURNAMA; WISANTI WISANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260441

Abstract

Abstract. Ullah LR, Purnama PR, Wisanti. 2025. Morphological characterization and clustering analysis of three local jackfruit cultivars (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in Lamongan District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1920-1928. Lamongan District is among jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) producers in East Java, Indonesia, where three local cultivars including `Nangka Bubur`, `Nangka Kandel`, and `Nangka Salak` have been identified. This study aimed to characterize and cluster the morphology of these 3 cultivars from Lamongan. Six trees per cultivar were assessed for 41 morphological characters (32 qualitative and 9 quantitative). Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, correlation, and heatmap plots. Clustering methods successfully separated the tree cultivars. From the 41 characters, 4 uniform and least variance characters were excluded. Correlation analysis identified positively correlated characters such as spine density, fruit shape, spine diameter, falke texture, flake shape, and spine color. Based on variable importance plot, biplot PCA, and heatmap analysis, 11 diagnostic characters were identified: mesocarp thickness, spine length, pulp color at ripe stage, fruit shape, shape of spine, seed coat color, seed shape, flake texture, spine density, flake shape, and stalk attachment to fruit. The stated discoveries would provide helpful insight into the process of agricultural improvement, particularly concerning jackfruit.
Chemical profile, botanical origin, and antioxidant activity of stingless bees propolis from Konawe Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia NIKEN PUJIRAHAYU; ZAKIAH USLINAWATY; HALIMAHTUSSADDIYAH RITONGA; NURHAYATI HADJAR; DINI PRASETYA; DIRVIN DIRVIN; AHMAT GARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260545

Abstract

Abstract. Pujirahayu N, Uslinawaty Z, Ritonga H, Hadjar N, Prasetya D, Dirvin, Gari A. 2025. Chemical profile, botanical origin, and antioxidant activity of stingless bees propolis from Konawe Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2495-2507. This study aimed to determine the chemical profile, plant sources, and antioxidant activity of stingless bee propolis from Konawe Islands Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Gas Chromatography-Mas Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of propolis. The antioxidant activity of propolis ethanol extract was then tested using the DPPH method. The results showed that 2 species of stingless bees, Tetragonula aff. biroi and Tetragonula sapiens exhibited chemical compounds with similarities and differences. These compounds consisted of triterpenes and diterpenes, such as 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3?.), 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol acetate, lupenone, solanesol, norolean-12-ene, beta-amyrone, methyl commate b, ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3-ol, 4,14-dimethyl-,(3?.,4?,5?), ?-amyrenone, and tricyclo[20.8.0.0(7,16)] triacontane, 1(22),7(16)-diepoxy. Others included phenolics, such as 3-[pentadecylphenol and 5-heptylresorcinol. A comparison of GC-MS analysis of propolis extract and plant exudates showed that the botanical origin of propolis was Anacardium occidentale (cashew), Mangifera indica (mango), and Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit). Propolis ethanol extract from T. aff. biroi and T. sapiens had strong antioxidant activity with IC50 of 96.8 4±2.35 µg/mL and 49.5±0.42 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the results, the extract from two species of bees could be a potential source of antioxidant agents as medicinal ingredients and immune supplements in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Diversity and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Krueng Aceh watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia CHITRA OCTAVINA; ZAINAL A. MUCHLISIN; PURWANA SATRIYO; AMIRAH HURZAID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260208

Abstract

Abstract. Octavina C, Muchlisin ZA, Satriyo P, Hurzaid A. 2025. Diversity and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Krueng Aceh watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 601-616. Krueng Aceh, the densest watershed in Aceh Province, Indonesia, features diverse habitats with rainwater as its main source. However, agriculture, plantations, sand mining, and waste disposal have affected its aesthetics. This study examines the diversity and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Krueng Aceh. Conducted over six months (March-August 2024), it used purposive sampling at 10 stations (upstream, midstream, and downstream). Surber nets sampled upstream and midstream, while PVC pipes were used downstream. A total of 1240 benthic macroinvertebrates were identified across 3 phyla, 5 classes, 29 families, 42 genera, and 49 species. Hydropsyche angustipennis dominated hard substrates, while Tarebia granifera dominated soft substrates. Most macroinvertebrates exhibited a clustered distribution, with some showing no clear pattern. The diversity index (H') ranged from 0.99 to 3.46 (moderate to high), and the Simpson dominance index from 0.10 to 0.62 (low dominance). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) grouped the 10 stations into two similarity clusters. Overall, macroinvertebrate diversity in Krueng Aceh was relatively high, and water quality remained within acceptable standards.
Evaluating the utilization status of banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) in the Mukomuko Waters, Bengkulu, Indonesia ARIEF ERIZAL; EKO SRI WIYONO; AM AZBAS TAURUSMAN; ZULKARNAIN ZULKARNAIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260315

Abstract

Abstract. Erizal A, Wiyono ES, Taurusman AA, Zulkarnain. 2025. Evaluating the utilization status of banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) in the Mukomuko Waters, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1164-1170. Since the 1980s, the prawn resources in the Mukomuko Waters (Sumatra, Indonesia) have been subject to exploitation through shrimp mini-trawling, causing high levels of pressure due to the intensive trawling in a relatively small fishing area. It is essential to implement appropriate management measures to ensure the sustainability of the prawn resources. The objective of this study is to assess the exploitation status of banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) in order to provide the basis for sustainable prawn management. A simple random sampling technique was employed to obtain a representative sample of the prawn stock. The sampled catch of P. merguiensis in Mukomuko Waters was predominantly female. The result of the relationship between length and weight species analysis demonstrates a negative allometric growth pattern. The Gonad Maturity Level (GML) of P. merguiensis was found to be dominated by GML II and GML III categories, indicating fish catch was developing virgin and maturing. Fishing mortality (F) was found to be higher than the natural mortality (M), with an exploitation rate (E) of 0.69. The Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) was determined to be 0.20, further indicating that P. merguiensis in Mukomuko Waters is currently overexploited. Based on these findings, two management strategies are proposed: regulating the operation of shrimp mini-trawls based on the time and place of fishing activities and replacing shrimp trawls with more environmentally friendly fishing gear.
Population structure and growth patterns of Diadema setosum (Echinodermata: Diadematidae) in the coastal ecosystems of Buru Island, Maluku, Indonesia ASDAR BURHANUDDIN; SHARIFUDDIN B. ANDY OMAR; ELMI N. ZAINUDDIN; SYAFIUDDIN SYAFIUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260636

Abstract

Abstract. Burhanuddin A, Omar SBA, Zainuddin EN, Syafiuddin. 2025. Population structure and growth patterns of Diadema setosum (Echinodermata: Diadematidae) in the coastal ecosystems of Buru Island, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2936-2945. Sea urchins (Echinoidea) are an important marine resource with economic and ecological value. Species such as Diadema setosum are consumed locally as a food source and are valuable in national and international markets. However, increasing demand has led to overexploitation, resulting in population declines. This research was carried out from February to July 2023 at two coastal locations, Jikumerasa Village in Buru District and Pasir Putih Village in South Buru District, Maluku Province, Indonesia. The aim was to analyze the growth patterns and condition indices of D. setosum. The method used is the line transect method, where sampling is carried out every month on a line transect that has five plots measuring 1x1 m. Data were compiled in tabular and graphical form using Microsoft Excel, regression equations were analyzed with data analysis software on regression software. Shell or test diameters of both male and female urchins ranged from 26.94-78.28, x?: 48.03±9.3mm SD, and body weights ranged from 11.39-249.37, x?: 72.18g±40.9 SD. The sea urchins from Pasir Putih station were greater than at Jikumerasa. The length-weight relationship (LWR) of D. setosum showed negative allometric growth in value equilibrium constant (b<3, p>0.05), with b-values ranging from 2.6763 to 2.7864. The Fulton’s condition factor (Kn) values ranged from 0.46 to 1.89 for males, 0.64 to 1.91 for females, and 0.43 to 1.91 for the combined population, indicating good overall health. Although more studies are needed to elucidate the effect of environmental conditions on echinoid sex determination, instances of skewed sex ratios may serve as indication for potential detrimental processes that may prevail in the environment. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the population structure and growth dynamics of D. setosum, which is crucial for guiding selective fishing methods, conservation strategies, and sustainable fisheries management.
First documentation of mangrove-associated gastropods highlights the status of early mature stands in the mangrove ecosystem of Pramuka Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia YASMAN YASMAN; MBARA CHAM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260346

Abstract

Abstract. Yasman, Cham M. 2025. First documentation of mangrove-associated gastropods highlights the status of early mature stands in the mangrove ecosystem of Pramuka Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1453-1460. This study examined the gastropod community in the Pramuka Island mangrove ecosystem, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, focusing on species composition, ecological indices, and the influence of abiotic factors across different mangrove zones. A total of five gastropod species associated with mangroves were identified, with Cerithium coralium and Terebralia palustris being the most frequent and abundant. The presence of T. palustris, Telescopium telescopium, Nerita planospira, and C. coralium marks the first recorded occurrence of these species in the Pramuka Island mangrove ecosystem. The ecological indices revealed low diversity (H': 0.57), low evenness (E: 0.35), and high dominance (C: 0.78), thereby indicating an imbalanced gastropod community. These findings suggest that the island’s mangrove ecosystem is in the early stages of maturity in the form of a planted mangrove habitat. Abiotic parameters, including temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity, were assessed, with light intensity showing significant variation between areas inside and outside the mangrove canopy. While other abiotic factors remained relatively stable, gastropod distribution appeared to be more influenced by feeding preferences and resource availability than by differences in light intensity. These results highlight the importance of understanding the ecological dynamics of mangrove-associated gastropods and their interactions with environmental factors, providing valuable insights for future mangrove restoration and management efforts.
Characterization of essential oils and biological activities of Etlingera spp. from different agroecology in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia SELFYANA AUSTIN TEE; SYAMSU ALAM; YURIKA SASTYARINA; AGUNG WIBAWA MAHATVA YODHA; REYMON REYMON; MUH. AZDAR SETIAWAN; MUSDALIPAH MUSDALIPAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260416

Abstract

Abstract. Tee SA, Alam S, Sastyarina Y, Yodha AWM, Reymon, Setiawan MA, Musdalipah. 2025. Characterization of essential oils and biological activities of Etlingera spp. from different agroecology in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1653-1665. Genus Etlingera, a part of Zingiberaceae, shows potential due to secondary metabolites influenced by agroecological factors, enhancing its therapeutic uses. The study aimed to characterize essential oils and biological activities of Etlingera elatior, Etlingera rubroloba, and Etlingera calophrys rhizomes collected from South Konawe, Wakatobi, and Muna District. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiled the essential oils, while phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) concentrations were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, and toxicity testing was performed on shrimp larvae. The research found that multiple species grow in areas with annual rainfall ranging from 1,800-2,100 mm/year, temperatures of 23-30°C, humidity levels of 78-84%, topography of 9-72 masl, and pH of 4.9-6.5. The essential oil content includes fatty acids (20.1-42.48%), phenolic (6.28-29.52%), and terpenoid (1.24-2.39). The IC50 of antioxidant activity (ABTS) for E. elatior, E. rubroloba, and E. calophrys were 1.3 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, and 1.1 mg/mL, compared to vitamin C at 2.23 mg/mL. The DPPH assay IC50 values were 2.09 mg/mL, 2.17 mg/mL, and 2.42 mg/mL, compared to vitamin C at 2.78 mg/mL, respectively. TPC values were 113.63 mgGAE/g, 26.56 mgGAE/g and 143.00 mgGAE/g, respectively. TFC values were 62.03 mgQE/g, 21.07 mgQE/g, and 34.51 mgQE/g, respectively. Toxic LC50 values for extracts were 6.98 mg/L, 18.72 mg/L, and 120.86 mg/L compared to the positive control at 3.24 mg/L. The Structural Equation Models (SEM) approach demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of climatic and soil factors on secondary metabolites and biological activity of the genus Etlingera. In conclusion, the genus Etlingera is a promising source of antioxidants and anticancer agents. It is recommended for cultivation in suitable locations in Southeast Sulawesi, instilling hope and optimism about the future of this research.

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