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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 568   569   570   571   572 
Economic Valuation of a Protected Mangrove Forest in Southern Cebu, Philippines ROSE JANE C. ROSALES; LORENCE R. LIBRANZA; JADA FRANCINE Z. ROBLE; FLORY MAY B. JUCDONG; MARINELLE C. JUMAWAN; SARAH EMPEÑO; CHERRY M. FLORES; JASON DUMDUM; SYLVESTER T. CORTES; ZERRY AYN Z. RETUBADO; ANNE S. LORCA; JOSEPH JOEL N. ALMAGRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260541

Abstract

Abstract. Rosales RJC, Libranza LR, Roble JFZ, Jucdong FMB, Jumawan MC, Empeño S, Flores CM, Dumdum J, Cortes ST, Retubado ZAZ, Lorca AS, Almagro JJN. 2025. Economic valuation of a protected mangrove forest in Southern Cebu, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 1491-1502. Mangroves are important ecosystems due to their roles in coastal protection, nurseries, carbon sequestration, and other services. However, climate change, habitat destruction, and aquaculture expansions threaten these ecosystems in the Philippines. Thus, this study investigates the Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangroves in Argao, Cebu, Philippines, which is a coastal municipality with a mangrove ecosystem spanning over 130.52 hectares across eight coastal barangays, to contribute to their conservation efforts. Argao has a wide cover of mangroves and most of the locals depend on the mangrove's ecosystem services and resources. Through an in-depth semi-structured interview survey using snowball sampling, data was gathered from 406 direct users. Use values, classified into direct (such as fishing, gleaning, etc.), indirect (such as coastal protection, carbon sequestration, etc.), and optional (such as ecotourism, goat feed, etc.) benefits, were assessed in addition to non-use values which include existence and bequest values. The economic valuation strategies and analysis involved a combination of market valuation, replacement cost, travel cost, benefit transfer method, and contingent valuation. The calculated TEV of mangroves was Php 307,487,030.00 or USD 5,227,279.51 annually, with use values dominating at 98.9%. This significant economic value underscores the importance of mangroves to the local economy. While non-use values at 1.01%, it also reveals the importance of mangroves to biodiversity preservation, landscape appreciation, research, and others. The study also reports the factors affecting mangrove conservation in the area, namely coastal development, aquaculture expansion, climate change, community livelihood dependency, and insufficient local awareness. Some conservation strategies are relative to these limiting factors. The study concludes that mangroves in the area provide ecological and economic benefits, thus urging the local government units and resource users to implement conservation strategies to achieve long-term sustainability and prosperity for the local environment and the community.
Secondary metabolic analysis of three shallot cultivars on coastal peatlands in Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia SELVIA SUTRIANA; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; EDI PURWANTO; HASAN BASRI JUMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260509

Abstract

Abstract. Sutriana S, Samanhudi, Purwanto E, Jumin HB. 2025. Secondary metabolic analysis of three shallot cultivars on coastal peatlands in Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2106-2116. Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is a strategic horticultural vegetable commodity with great potential to be developed due to the various secondary metabolite content, such as flavonoid, phenol, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity, which are crucial for health. This study aimed to identify and determine the secondary metabolism values of three shallot cultivars in coastal peatlands, namely Bima Brebes, Trisula, and SS Sakato. Shallot bulbs were extracted by maceration, followed by phytochemical content filtration. The total phenol, anthocyanin, as well as flavonoid levels were assessed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while antioxidant activity was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicated that SS Sakato cultivar had the highest extract yield of 12.17%. Bima Brebes and Trisula cultivars contained flavonoid, phenol, terpenoid, and steroid phytochemical, while SS Sakato had flavonoid, phenol, and terpenoid. Moreover, Bima Brebes produced the highest total phenol and flavonoid and SS Sakato had the highest anthocyanin. The standard retention time of quercetin from three shallot cultivars ranged from 9.167 to 9.227 minutes, with an average of 9.192 minutes. Bima Brebes was also found to have the best antioxidant activity as indicated by Inhibition Concentration50 (IC50) value.
Phytoplankton community response to seasonal eutrophication in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia PUTI SRI KOMALA; TRI RETNANINGSIH SOEPROBOWATI; NOVERITA DIAN TAKARINA; LUKI SUBEHI; MARTA WOJEWODKA‑PRZYBYL; BUDHI PRIMASARI; TIVANY EDWIN; LIA ARLINA; REGINA MARDATILLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270232

Abstract

Abstract. Komala PS, Soeprobowati TR, Takarina ND, Subehi L, Wojewodka‑Przybyl M, Primasari B, Edwin T, Arlina L, Mardatillah R. 2026. Phytoplankton community response to seasonal eutrophication in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270232. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270232. The aim of this study is to analyze the seasonal trophic status of Maninjau Lake using the Comprehensive Trophic Status Index (CTSI) and to examine its spatial and temporal relationship with the phytoplankton community structure. The water and phytoplankton samples were collected from 10 sampling points in accordance with SNI 6989-57-2008 and the ecological protocol. Results show that CTSI values ranged from 62.59 to 73.28, indicating eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. The trophic sub-indices showed TSI-TP values of 53.24-82.20, TSI-TN values of 50.97-61.49, and TSI-Chl-a values of 52.98-62.07. Based on spatial analysis, the trophic status is relatively homogeneous across all sampling locations, indicating widespread nutrient loading in the lake. On the other hand, higher CTSI values during the rainy season and temporal variation of CTSI are significant. The increase in CTSI was associated with a change in phytoplankton dominance from Bacillariophyceae under eutrophic conditions to Cyanophyceae under hypereutrophic conditions, reflecting tolerance to increased nutrient concentrations. The hypereutrophic status of Maninjau Lake favored opportunistic taxa, as indicated by an increase in the dominance index and decreases in diversity and evenness. Rainfall contributes to shaping phytoplankton community dynamics, affecting the trophic status of the lake. This study highlights that integrating CTSI, phytoplankton ecological indices, and rainfall variability provides a useful framework for assessing air quality degradation and ecosystem stability in tropical lakes.
Antibacterial activity and bioactive compounds of symbiotic bacterial isolates from Polycarpa aurata in Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar, Indonesia HERWIN HERWIN; GEMINI ALAM; SARTINI SARTINI; NURHASNI HASAN; ABDUL RAHIM; HERLINA RANTE; RISFAH YULIANTI; LATIFAH RAHMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260531

Abstract

Abstract. Herwin, Alam G, Sartini, Hasan N, Rahim A, Rante H, Yulianti R, Rahman L. 2025. Antibacterial activity and bioactive compounds of symbiotic bacterial isolates from Polycarpa aurata in Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2339-2354. Polycarpa aurata is a marine organism capable of producing secondary metabolites from its symbiont microorganism and has therapeutic potential, such as antitumor and antimicrobial. P. aurata isolated from the symbiont bacteria obtained the AQ2-1 isolate, and secondary metabolites were produced through fermentation to obtain the AQ2-1 fermented ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was a bioactive compound isolated using radial chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography to obtain isolate 1 and isolate 2. Using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy, the structure of the compound showed an adenine riboside compound (isolate 1), which has a ? max of 242 nm, 10 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, 5 nitrogen atoms, 4 oxygen atoms, and molecular formula of C10H13N5O4, m/z 267, and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (isolate 2), which has a ? max of 218 nm, 24 carbon atoms, 38 hydrogen atoms, 4 oxygen atoms, and a molecular formula of C24H38O4, m/z 390. Based on an analysis of the biological activity of compounds 1 and 2 using bioautography thin-layer chromatography, these compounds were found to be active against Escherichia coli ATTC 25922, Salmonella typhi NCTC 786, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Vibrio cholerae ATCC 25175 bacteria.
Gross morphology and osteometry of the ribs of Etawah crossbred goats SUHARSONO SUHARSONO; YENI DHAMAYANTI; HANA ELIYANI; SARMANU SARMANU; LINTANG WINANTYA FIRDAUSY; SALIPUDIN TASIL MASLAMAMA; MUHAMMAD THOHAWI ELZIYAD PURNAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260419

Abstract

Abstract. Suharsono, Dhamayanti Y, Eliyani H, Sarmanu, Firdausy LW, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. 2025. Gross morphology and osteometry of the ribs of Etawah crossbred goats. Biodiversitas 26: 1691-1697. The ribs have several vital purposes, including protecting the contents of the mediastinum and thoracic cavity, moving superiorly, inferiorly, anteriorly, and posteriorly to aid in breathing, serving as a site for the origin or attachment of certain muscles, and aiding in erythropoiesis during development. However, ribs comprise the first to thirteenth bones with different areas. This study aimed to evaluate the gross anatomy and morphometry of the ribs of Etawah crossbred goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) modeling. A total of 299 ribs from 23 adult male Etawah crossbred cadavers were investigated in this study. Each rib was identified in order from the first to the thirteenth ribs. Rib evaluation was performed on the following i.e., Width of the Tubercle Costochondral (WTC), Width of the Junction Costochondral (WJC), and Length of the Costochondral (LC). Data were calculated using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) modeling. As a result, gross anatomically, all Etawah crossbred ribs were composed of the costal cartilage at the distal end and the head, neck, and tubercle at the proximal end, shaft, or body. The WTC and WJC sizes revealed an evident decrease from the first to the second rib and then a gradual decrease on the thirteenth rib. Meanwhile, the LC's size revealed a gradual increase from the first to the eighth rib and gradually decreased on the thirteenth rib. In conclusion, using the LC variable, the eighth rib was determined to be a transition location. The eighth rib may be used as a biometric orientation point in the thoracic region since it is identified as the widest bone, particularly for estimating body weight and body condition scores.
Effect of Mosaccha inoculum on fungal and yeast populations, sensory attributes, antioxidant activity, and ?-glucan content in cowpea tempeh SAMSUL RIZAL; MARIA ERNA KUSTYAWATI; SUSSI ASTUTI; DITA ARTHA RISTIANI; FATIMAH FATIMAH; LIA DAHLIANI PRATIWI; RAHMAT HIDAYAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260635

Abstract

Abstract. Rizal S, Kustyawati ME, Astuti S, Ristiani DA, Fatimah, Pratiwi LD, Hidayat R. 2025. Influence of Mosaccha inoculum on fungal and yeast populations, sensory profile, antioxidant level, and ?-glucan content of cowpea tempeh. Biodiversitas 26: 2926-2935. In addition to soybeans, cowpeas can also be used to make tempeh. Rhizopus oligosporus is the main fungus for fermentation, but the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances the product's sensory qualities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Mosaccha inoculum, which combines R. oligosporus and S. cerevisiae, on the microbial, sensory, and chemical properties of cowpea tempeh. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with six inoculum concentrations (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.5%, and a control group with 0.2% Raprima inoculum), each replicated four times. Statistical analysis was done using Bartlett and Turkey tests, followed by ANOVA and LSD at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that the concentration of Mosaccha inoculum significantly influenced both fungal and yeast counts, as well as the sensory properties of the cowpea tempeh. The optimal inoculum concentration of 1.2% produced the highest quality tempeh, with a fungal count of 8.747 CFU/g and a yeast count of 8.570 CFU/g. The best sensory attributes included a white color with fully covered mycelium, a characteristic sweet aroma, a firm and easily sliced texture, and a taste that was well-accepted by panelists. The highest-quality Mosaccha cowpea tempeh meets the Indonesian National Standards for tempeh, contains 1.065% ?-glucan, and has an antioxidant level of 60.74%. These findings suggest that Mosaccha inoculum at 1.2% is an effective starter culture for producing high-quality functional cowpea tempeh. Its application offers an alternative to soybean-based tempeh while enhancing sensory and nutritional profiles. This innovation may support tempeh diversification using locally available legumes.
Morphological and genetic variation of local loach (Nemacheilus spp.) from Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia DWI ANGGOROWATI RAHAYU; WIDOWATI BUDIJASTUTI; SUNU KUNTJORO; WINARSIH WINARSIH; ENDIK DENI NUGROHO; RENI AMBARWATI; ULFI FAIZAH; CAHYA AJENG VALENTA TRESNA SULUNG; RUSDIANTO RUSDIANTO; NOORHIDAYAH BINTI MAMAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260632

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu DA, Budijastuti W, Kuntjoro S, Winarsih, Nugroho ED, Ambarwati R, Faizah U, Sulung CAVT, Rusdianto R, Mamat NB. 2025. Morphological and genetic variation of local loach (Nemacheilus spp.) from Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2896-2907. The genus Nemacheilus is a part of the family Nemacheilidae within the order Cypriniformes, comprising several morphologically similar fish species found in East Java, Indonesia. However, species identification in Lumajang remains unavailable. This study aimed to analyze morphological and genetic diversity of local loach species from Lumajang, East Java, contributing to the existing knowledge with new records. The experiment was carried out through diagnostic identification, meristic, and morphometric analyses, using Past.403 software for correlation assessments. Pectoral fin samples were preserved in high-purity ethanol for DNA extraction, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting mitochondrial genomes, Recombinase-Activating Gene proteins 1 (RAG1), and mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) to explore phylogenetic relationships among Nemacheilidae species through maximum likelihood methods. Morphological identification showed two local loaches, Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes, 1846) and Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1846) with two variants (dominant black color and yellow color). Several morphometric parameters showed high correlations, such as TL with SL, HL with Snout Length (SnL), and Dorsal Fin Length (DFL) with Anal Fin Length (AFL). The COI locus showed high genetic variation with 126 variable sites across 489 base pairs. Meanwhile, the RAG1 gene had a lower variation with 33 variable sites across 681 base pairs, with phylogenetic analysis showing two distinct clades. This comprehensive study enhanced the understanding of morphological and genetic variation in Nemacheilus species, related to conservation efforts and sustainable aquaculture.
Metagenomic investigation of the fecal microbiota in Lakor goats of different sexes with a basic diet of field grass INSUN SANGADJI; RONY MARSYAL KUNDA; PRASETYARTI UTAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260435

Abstract

Abstract. Sangadji I, Kunda RM, Utami P. 2025. Metagenomic investigation of the fecal microbiota in Lakor goats of different sexes with a basic diet of field grass. Biodiversitas 26: 1861-1869. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in the health and productivity of ruminants, including goats. This study investigated the composition and diversity of fecal microbiota in Lakor goats of different sexes fed a basic diet of field grass using a metagenomic approach. A total of 10 samples were collected from male and female goats of 5 samples each, and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed to analyze the microbial community structure. Results revealed significant differences in microbiota composition between sexes, which may be influenced by hormonal differences, feeding behavior, and metabolic needs. This study suggests that sex influences the composition of fecal microbiota in Lakor goats. Moreover, it revealed that sex affects the diversity and composition of the microbiota, with significant differences at the family and species levels. Alpha diversity analysis showed that female goats had higher microbial diversity than male goats, with a Shannon index of 2.03 in females and 1.33 in males, indicating a more complex microbial community in females. The microbial community composition in male goats was dominated by species such as Romboutsia timonensis and Clostridium sp., whereas female goats showed a more balanced microbial distribution, with the dominance of genera such as Pradoshia, Eubacterium, and Lysinibacillus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that female goats have a more stable microbial community, supporting more efficient fiber fermentation and Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) metabolism. Proximate test results showed differences in feed nutrient content between the wet and dry seasons, with higher crude protein content in the wet season, potentially affecting feed quality and microbiota. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering sex in microbiota studies to optimize feeding strategies and health management for Lakor goats. These findings suggest that sex-specific dietary interventions and probiotic strategies could improve feed utilization, immune function, and productivity in Lakor goats.
Vegetation diversity and composition, and forage production of natural pasture in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia SEMA SEMA; JASMAL AHMARI SYAMSU; AMBO AKO; RINDUWATI RINDUWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260538

Abstract

Abstract. Sema, Syamsu JA, Ako A, Rinduwati. 2025. Vegetation diversity and composition, and forage production of natural pasture in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2410-2415. Increasing the productivity of ruminants should be supported by the availability of forage. In the context of pasture, forage availability is determined by type of vegetation and the amount of production in the area so that it can meet the needs of livestock. Research related to forage plant vegetation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, have been carried out, but more nuanced study is needed to account specific context of biophysical conditions. This study aims to determine the types of vegetation and forage production in a natural pasture in Malili Sub-district, East Luwu District, South Sulawesi. Data was collected by establishing 20 sampling plots with a size 1x1 m, totalling a sampled area of one hectare. Types of vegetation and forage production were measured using the Summed Dominance Ratio method based on frequency, density, and cover area. The result showed that the botanical composition of the sampled pasture based on Dry Weight Rank consisted of 30.00% grass, 15.00% legumes and 55.00% weeds. The pasture comprised of 21 species of grass, 7 species of legumes and 21 species of weeds with three dominant grass species were Cynodon dactylon (5.12%), Epidendrum culculatum (3.59%) and Mecardonia procumbens (3.44%). The carrying capacity of the pasture was 0.16 AU/hectare/month or equivalent to 1,75 AU/hectare/year. The results of this study indicate that the productivity of the existing pasture is relatively low and special efforts are needed to improve its quality.
Analysis of similarity and dissimilarity of combining ability and heterosis for melon (Cucumis melo) fruit characters using multi-environments HELFI EKA SAPUTRA; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; WILLY BAYUARDI SUWARNO; SOBIR SOBIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260436

Abstract

Abstract. Saputra HE, Syukur M, Suwarno WB, Sobir. 2025. Analysis of similarity and dissimilarity of combining ability and heterosis for melon (Cucumis melo) fruit characters using multi-environments. Biodiversitas 26: 1870-1880. Evaluating combining ability and heterosis simultaneously across different environments facilitates the identification of hybrids with comparative advantages for melon breeding. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the consistency of General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA), heterosis, and heterobeltiosis on the characteristics of melon fruit in three environments, namely Bengkulu, Cilegon, and Argamakmur. The method used a completely randomized block design with one factor for each environment. The full diallel population (30 F1+6 parents) was repeated thrice, leading to 108 experimental units in each environment. The results showed that the best combined GCA value was followed by the optimal GCA value in each environment, despite genetic × environment and GCA × environment interaction. The consistency of GCA was due to the additive effect role that was not influenced by the environment. The best combined SCA value was not followed by the optimal SCA value in each environment, showing inconsistency due to non-additive effect roles (dominance and epistasis), which were easily influenced by the environment. The results also showed that genetic distance affected the values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. Furthermore, crossbreeding between melon groups produced better heterosis and heterobeltiosis values than crossbreeding within the same group. Combining ability (GCA and SCA), mid-parent value, heterosis, and heterobeltiosis across multiple environments helped identify hybrids with comparative advantages for melon breeding.

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