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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Analyses of ecosystem productivity using field measurement and remote sensing, and microalgae diversity at Mayangan and Sendang Biru Beaches, East Java, Indonesia UMI ZAKIYAH; ALIVIA SALSABILA KUSUMA TANYA SANTOSO; ZULKISAM PRAMUDIA; TIA DWI IRAWANDANI; DISTA ERINTIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260427

Abstract

Abstract. Zakiyah U, Santoso ASKT, Pramudia Z, Irawandani TD, Erintika D. 2025. Analyses of ecosystem productivity using field measurement and remote sensing, and microalgae diversity at Mayangan and Sendang Biru Beaches, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1777-1788. This study evaluates ecosystem productivity and microalgae biodiversity at Mayangan Beach and Sendang Biru Beach, East Java, Indonesia using chlorophyll-a as an indicator, as it functions as an active metabolic component in the photosynthesis process of microalgae, the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. By integrating in-situ measurements and remote sensing via Sentinel-2 Imagery, the study assesses water quality, microalgae composition, and biodiversity indices, which mutually influence trophic balance and food chain efficiency. The abundance of microalgae reflects nutrient availability and environmental conditions, determining primary productivity and aquatic ecosystem health. Results indicate that Mayangan Beach exhibits higher chlorophyll-a concentrations due to nutrient-rich runoff, while Sendang Biru Beach maintains more stable but oligotrophic conditions. Chlorophyll-a, as a primary photosynthetic pigment, is essential for analyzing ecosystem productivity as it directly correlates with microalgae abundance. Bacillariophyta is the dominant microalgae group in both waters, highlighting its ecological role in aquatic productivity. These findings underscore the importance of integrating remote sensing with field data for effective coastal monitoring. Additionally, the study emphasizes how environmental factors such as nutrient input and hydrodynamics influence ecosystem productivity. The results provide insights for sustainable coastal management and demonstrate the potential of remote sensing technology in assessing marine ecosystem health.
Screening of antibacterial activity of Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) extracts using modified microtiter-plate resazurin assay SHARON ROSE M. TABUGO; TRICKSIE P. BALATERO; RODELYN M. DALAYAP
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260423

Abstract

Abstract. Tabugo SRM, Balatero TP, Dalayap RM. 2025. Screening of antibacterial activity of Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) extracts using modified microtiter-plate resazurin assay. Biodiversitas 26: 1735-1742. Marine organisms have emerged as promising sources for the discovery of new compounds that have medical application potential. Their ability to thrive in environments teeming with pathogenic microorganisms and predators indicates the production of unique chemical compounds with significant biological activities. This study identified and morphologically characterized Acanthaster spp. (Crown-of-Thorns, COT starfish) from various sites, including microhabitats in Iligan and Panguil Bays, and extracted polar and non-polar crude extracts for antibacterial activity screening. Samples were collected from three locations: Buruun, Iligan City; Samburon, Linamon; and Maigo, Lanao del Norte. Crude extracts were prepared using hexane (non-polar) and methanol (polar) solvents for all samples from the three sites. A modified microtiter antimicrobial assay was performed on all crude extracts, which exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a Gram-negative bacterium) and Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram-positive bacterium). The activity of HMCOT (hexane extract of samples from Maigo, Lanao del Norte) was comparable to Ciprofloxacin (positive control) based on the post-hoc test. Qualitative screening of the crude extracts for secondary metabolites revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, which are likely contributors to the observed antibacterial activity. The diversity of the chemical compounds reflects the biodiversity of the source organisms, which have evolved and adapted to their specific environments. Thus, Acanthaster spp. shows potential for medical research, though further tests are necessary to validate these findings. The results of this study served as baseline data for future research.
Habitat suitability modeling for anoa (Bubalus spp.) in Mountain Sojol Nature Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia ONGKY ONGKY; ABDUL HARIS MUSTARI; LILIK BUDI PRASETYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260340

Abstract

Abstract. Ongky, Mustari AH, Prasetyo LB. 2025. Habitat suitability modeling for anoa (Bubalus spp.) in Mountain Sojol Nature Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1395-1404. Anoa are large mammal endemic to Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, inhabiting lowland to mountainous areas. The quality, quantity, and distance of the habitat from human activities mainly influence habitat selection. Mountain Sojol Nature Reserve in Central Sulawesi is a vital refuge for this endemic species. However, Mountain Sojol Nature Reserve faces pressure from human activities, such as agriculture and hunting, which can lead to human-wildlife conflict. Spatial approaches are essential and can be used to monitor conservation areas effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to understand species' spatial distribution and habitat. The study was conducted from September to December 2023. Anoa Habitat Suitability Model (HSM) using the MaxEnt algorithm, based on anoa presence data from 2019 to 2024 and six environmental variables: elevation, land cover, forest canopy density, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and distance from agricultural fields. The habitat suitability analysis showed that approximately 40,135.83 ha (58.5%) of the total area is suitable for anoa. Among the environmental variables, elevation was the most significant contributor (36.5%), followed by distance from rivers (25.5%), distance from roads (19.3%), and distance from agricultural fields (17.7%) in modeling anoa habitat suitability in Mountain Sojol Nature Reserve. Finally, Conservation efforts are essential, especially in habitat management and stricter monitoring in areas with suitable habitat for anoa, to prevent forest conversion and poaching. Conservation education is also needed to raise public awareness of the importance of this species in the area.
Structure and composition of understory vegetation in urban forest of Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia DARMAWATI DARMAWATI; LIDIA BELINDA SILITONGA; NURSAL NURSAL; IRDA SAYUTI; IMAM MAHADI; FESKAHARNY ALAMSJAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260933

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawati, Silitonga LB, Nursal, Sayuti I, Mahadi I, Alamsjah F. 2025. Structure and composition of understory vegetation in urban forest of Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4628-4639. Urban forests play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity; however, human disturbances and the spread of invasive species pose significant challenges to the resilience of understory vegetation. This study examined the structure and composition of understory vegetation in the Pekanbaru Urban Forest in Riau Province, Indonesia and formulated strategies for sustainable management. Research was carried out from June to December 2024 across two canopy conditions Closed Canopy Forest (CCF) and Partial Canopy Forest (PCF) using ten 2×2 m plots in each site (80 m² total). The analyses encompassed species composition, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H?), Evenness Index (E), Dominance Index (D), invasive species proportion, correlation between H? and light intensity, as well as a T-test to compare H? between canopy types. Results revealed that the Poaceae family was the most dominant, with Brachiaria decumbens as the representative species. The T-test showed no significant difference in H? between CCF (2.67) and PCF (2.98), both classified as moderate. Evenness Index values were high (0.89 and 0.87), while dominance values were very low (0.08 and 0.07), indicating a relatively even distribution of species. In total, 38 species were identified, half of which (19 species) were invasive, with a higher abundance recorded in PCF. These findings suggest that canopy mosaics comprising both closed and partially open areas are essential for maintaining understory vegetation in urban forests, as they help support species diversity while limiting invasive dominance. Recommended management strategies include preserving canopy mosaics, controlling invasive species, promoting native species planting, and strengthening conservation policies through active community participation.
A comparison of integrated pest management and conventional practices on insect diversity and economic profitability of cayenne pepper cultivation MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI; SHARFINA FARHAH NAZIHA; RIZQIA NUR SALSABELA MULYONO; FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; BINTANG ARYA PRAMANA; ACHMAD FITRIADI TAUFIQURRAHMAN; BINTAR PROBO SUNARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260403

Abstract

Abstract. Hadi MS, Naziha SF, Mulyono RNS, Muhammad FN, Pramana BA, Taufiqurrahman AF, Sunarto BP. 2025. A comparison of integrated pest management and conventional practices on insect diversity and economic profitability of cayenne pepper cultivation. Biodiversitas 26: 1519-1525. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) cultivation generally relies heavily on insecticide applications. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers an effective solution to minimize insecticide use while maintaining crop productivity and sustainability. The objective of this study is to compare insect diversity and economic profitability in cayenne pepper cultivation under IPM and conventional practices. The research was conducted in Sukoharjo Village, Bancar Sub-district, Tuban District, East Java, Indonesia, and in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, from October 2023 to May 2024. Insect sampling was carried out using pan traps and pitfall traps to observe flying and ground-dwelling insects, respectively. Data analysis included diversity indices and economic calculations such as total cost, revenue, profit, break-even point, and benefit-cost (B/C) ratio. The results showed that the IPM system supported a greater number of species (20 species) and a higher total abundance of insects (298 individuals) compared to the conventional system (15 species and 240 individuals). IPM favored the presence of predatory insects such as Paederus sp., Omonadus sp., and Rynocoris sp., whereas conventional practices showed a higher abundance of herbivorous insects such as Myzus persicae and Acrididae sp.. In terms of yield, the IPM system produced 4.74 tons, greater than the 2.55 tons from the conventional system. IPM generated greater revenue and profitability compared to conventional practices. The findings suggest that IPM practices offer dual benefits, enhancing ecological sustainability by increasing predator populations while also improving economic returns for farmers.
Traditional fermented anchovy rusip demonstrates antidiabetic effects through enzyme inhibition and metabolic improvement in diabetic rats MUHAMMAD ALFID KURNIANTO; ALFINA AYU PUSPITA; SRI WINARTI; HADI MUNARKO; SALMA SHAFRINA AULIA; DINA MUSTIKA RINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260525

Abstract

Abstract. Kurnianto MA, Puspita AA, Winarti S, Munarko H, Aulia SS, Rini DM. 2025. Traditional fermented anchovy rusip demonstrates antidiabetic effects through enzyme inhibition and metabolic improvement in diabetic rats. Biodiversitas 26: 2278-2288. Rusip, a traditional fermented anchovy, is a high-protein food with potential anti-diabetic properties. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and in vitro inhibitory activity of diabetes-related enzymes of rusip fermented at different time points (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). The optimal formulation was then subjected to further in vivo study with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced rats. The results revealed increased moisture, soluble protein, TVBN, and N-amino acid and decreased protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, and pH of rusip during the 21-day fermentation time compared to the other fermentation stages. Glutamic acid and arginine, as well as Methyl-cis-10-pentadecenoate and Methyl-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoate, were the most dominant amino acids and fatty acids in rusip. The rusip showed ?-glucosidase (53.8-59.8%) and ?-amylase (40.3-46.7%) inhibitory activities at 20 mg/mL, with the lowest IC50 observed at day 14 of fermentation (30.52 mg/mL and 26.01 mg/mL). Further evaluation in STZ-NA-induced diabetes rats showed that rusip administration could reduce fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR and improve insulin levels, HOMA-B and QUICKI. Hepatoprotective (suppressing elevated AST, ALP, and ALT) and nephroprotective (decreasing urea and creatinine) effects were also observed. Rusip also improved lipid metabolism, reducing LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels and returning HDL levels to normal, thereby reducing hypercholesterolemia. These findings suggest that rusip may mitigate diabetes-related metabolic disorders, highlighting its potential as a functional food for diabetes management.
Freshwater copepods in the tributaries of the lower Mekong River Basin in Thailand KAMONWAN KOOMPOOT; SANTI WATIROYRAM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260434

Abstract

Abstract. Koompoot K, Watiroyram S. 2025. Freshwater copepods in the tributaries of the lower Mekong River Basin in Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 1846-1859. The study of copepod species diversity exclusively in the Mekong River Basin of Thailand has been sporadic, with no relevant publications for over a decade. Additionally, cyclopoid taxonomy remains a serious issue. This study investigated the species composition and distribution of copepods in three river basins of the Mekong River in Thailand: the Mekong, Songkhram, and Mun River Basins. Samples were qualitatively collected using a 60-µm plankton net during the monsoon rainy season by dragging the net from the limnetic zone to the littoral zone. A total of 47 species were identified from 480 samples collected across various waterbodies between 2020 and 2023 in seven provinces within the Mekong River Watershed, including Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Amnat Charoen, and Ubon Ratchathani. Among 27 calanoid and 20 cyclopoid species, one new cyclopoid species was named and published in prior research, and one new calanoid species is currently being prepared for the nomenclature process. Two cyclopoid copepod species were newly recorded in Thailand: Mesocyclops woutersi and Microcyclops pachyspina. We confirmed the presence of Microcyclops karvei in the country after its previous status had been uncertain. Furthermore, at least three calanoid species previously recorded in the study area: Mongolodiaptomus uenoi, Neodiaptomus songkhramensis, and Phyllodiaptomus christineae were not observed, suggesting their rarity, potential disappearance, or possible taxonomic misidentification. Similar to cyclopoid copepods, additional sampling and taxonomic study are required for confirmation. The species diversity and species list have been updated, and a brief morphological description along with taxonomic notes are provided for the two newly recorded species and one rare species of cyclopoid copepods.
Physiological and molecular characterization of copper and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PaD2 JUANDY JO; DIAN ANGELICA TRYOANITA UMBU DATTA; WAHYU IRAWATI; JONATHAN SUCIONO PURNOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260404

Abstract

Abstract. Jo J, Datta DATU, Irawati W, Purnomo JS. 2025. Physiological and molecular characterization of copper and antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PaD2. Biodiversitas 26: 1526-1536. Environmental pollution by heavy metals and antibiotics promotes the growth of co-resistant bacteria that can spread multiple resistance genes. Bioremediation using indigenous bacteria from such polluted sites is a potential solution to this problem. We recently isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PaD2 from the polluted Sukolilo River in Surabaya, Indonesia, and found it to be resistant to high copper concentrations. Therefore, we investigated the resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa PaD2 to Cu and various antibiotics using physiological and molecular approaches. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated in the presence of 4 mM CuSO?, as compared to that without Cu addition, using disk diffusion and broth macrodilution assays. The whole genome of P. aeruginosa PaD2 was sequenced to identify relevant resistance genes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PaD2 exhibits resistance to both copper and various antibiotics (e.g., cefoxitin, erythromycin or tetracycline). Interestingly, Cu exposure did not significantly alter the antibiotic resistance profiles, indicating that Cu and antibiotic resistance mechanisms were independent. Genome analysis identified genes related to efflux pumps, antibiotic inactivation, and target modification, which may explain the multidrug resistance phenotype. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa PaD2 should be further tested as a bioremediation agent for copper and antibiotic pollution.
Morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of Octopus cyanea in the Waters of Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia AHMAD PARIANSYAH; RATIH IDA ADHARINI; DINI WAHYU KARTIKA SARI; EKO HARDIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260609

Abstract

Abstract. Pariansyah A, Adharini RI, Sari DWK, Hardianto E. 2025. Morphological, morphometric, and molecular identification of Octopus cyanea in the Waters of Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2640-2652. Octopus is a high-value fishery resource abundant in the waters of Kaur District, Bengkulu Province. This study aimed to identify octopus species inhabiting Kaur waters through integrated morphological, morphometric, and molecular analyses. A total of 68 octopus specimens were collected (20 males and 48 females) with a sex ratio of 1:2.4. Field identification confirmed all specimens as Octopus cyanea, characterized by oval mantles, W-shaped funnels, and two rows of suckers per arm. Males possessed larger suckers and a hectocotylized third right arm. The body displayed brown and white coloration, false eye spots (ocelli), black stripes, white spots along he arms, and four small papillae. Molecular analysis using the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene showed a 100% match with O. cyanea sequences in GenBank, confirming species identity. Morphometric analysis revealed that females had relatively larger body ratios, particularly MW/TL, ML/MW, FuL/PA, and WD/AL. Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses demonstrated close relationship between O. cyanea from Kaur and populations from Jayapura, Buton, Wakatobi, Madagascar, India, and Japan, indicating a broad geographic distribution. These results confirm the presence of O. cyanea in Kaur waters and highlight its morphological and genetic similarity to other populations, providing a foundation for future conservation and sustainable fishery practices in the region.
Ethnobotany of wild edible plants by the community of Cijambu Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia AFDILAH ALFINANDAH; BUDI IRAWAN; JOHAN ISKANDAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260521

Abstract

Abstract. Alfinandah A, Irawan B, Iskandar J. 2025. Ethnobotany of wild edible plants by the community of Cijambu Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2235-2252. Wild plants that can be consumed have been widely utilized as food and medicine by communities in various regions in Indonesia. The utilization by the Sundanese community in West Java may differ from other regions due to variations in Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and diverse traditions. This research was conducted in Cijambu Village, Tanjungsari Sub-district, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. This study employs a mixed qualitative and quantitative method with an ethnobotanical approach. The results of this study show that 48 species, belonging to 31 families, with the most commonly found family being Asteraceae. The results of the analysis included Use Value (UV), with Bambusa vulgaris having the highest value at 0.08. Amaranthus viridis has the highest Relative Frequency Citation (RFC) value of 0.8. A total of 18 species of Wild Edible Plants (WEPs) are used as food sources, while 20 types of diseases are reported to be treated using WEP. Twelve species of WEP were specifically used for medicinal purposes, the results of the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) analysis showed the highest value of 0.2 for Blumea balsamifera. Eighteen species are used both as food and medicine, often consumed simultaneously. The most widely used part of WEP is the leaves, followed by flowers, fruits, roots, stems, shoots and bulbs. The traditional processing of WEP by the community is vegetables (angeun), salad (lalap), stir-fry (oséng), steamed (seupan, urap, botok, karédok, buntil, lompong) and herbal tea. Therefore, WEP in rural areas can play a role in supporting SDGs programs, such as ending poverty in all forms everywhere (SDGs No. 1), ending hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition as well as promoting sustainable agriculture (SDGs No. 2) and ensuring healthy lives and supporting welfare for all ages (SDGs No. 3).

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