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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Exploring the bacteriome of Etlingera balikpapanensis for potential biofertilizer development and conservation strategies ALMANDO GERALDI; FATIMAH FATIMAH; RICO RAMADHAN; NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH; HERY SUWITO; NABILLA HAPSARI WIJAYA; YANA ZAINADA VIRDAUS; RICA HANIM FADHILAH; ARRIZAL RAHMAN; LUKMAN RIYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260550

Abstract

Abstract. Geraldi A, Fatimah, Ramadhan R, Ni’matuzahroh, Suwito H, Wijaya NH, Virdaus YZ, Fadhilah RH, Rahman A, Riyadi L. 2025. Exploring the bacteriome of Etlingera balikpapanensis for potential biofertilizer development and conservation strategies. Biodiversitas 26: 2548-2555. Etlingera balikpapanensis, an endangered and endemic plant species from the rainforests of East Kalimantan, Indonesia, faces significant threats due to habitat loss and environmental changes. Conservation strategies for this species are limited, and there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to enhance its survival, particularly in ex-situ environments. One promising avenue is the development of biofertilizers derived from beneficial microbial communities. These Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB), which exist in both endophytic and rhizospheric environments, can improve nutrient uptake, enhance stress tolerance, and protect against pathogens. We used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial communities associated with E. balikpapanensis. We identified 1,183 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from plant tissues and soil samples. Among these, we found bacterial species known for their plant growth-promoting properties, including Pantoea dispersa and Kluyvera intermedia in plant tissues, as well as Burkholderia pyrrocinia, and Bradyrhizobium elkanii in soil samples. These potential microbes, with their proven plant growth-promoting properties, offer hope for the conservation of E. balikpapanensis. They can be used in biofertilizer formulation that could support the species' survival by improving its resilience to environmental stresses. The identification of such microbial communities offers a foundation for developing sustainable conservation practices that leverage natural symbiotic relationships. Future efforts should focus on isolating and characterizing these bacterial strains for experimental biofertilizer applications, aiming not only to enhance the growth of E. balikpapanensis, but also to aid the conservation of other endangered species within the Zingiberaceae family.
Bioactive compounds characterization of Anredera cordifolia leaf and its in silico antibacterial mechanisms against Aeromonas hydrophila MUH. SULAIMAN DADIONO; SLAMET BUDI PRAYITNO; PURNAMA SUKARDI; DESRINA DESRINA; SARJITO SARJITO; PUTUT HAR RIYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260742

Abstract

Abstract. Dadiono MS, Prayitno SB, Sukardi P, Desrina, Sarjito, Riyadi PH. 2025. Bioactive compounds characterization of Anredera cordifolia leaf and its in silico antibacterial mechanisms against Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 26: 3561-3570. Aeromonas hydrophila is a major pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture, causing severe disease outbreaks and significant economic losses. Due to rising antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Anredera cordifolia (binahong) leaf extract and evaluate their antibacterial mechanisms against A. hydrophila through an in silico approach. The compounds were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed six dominant compounds: Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), Hexanedioic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, Diisooctyl adipate, Dimethylpyrroline, Cyclohexane, and 1-Ethyl-1-methylcyclohexane. Among these, BHT demonstrated the strongest predicted antibacterial activity, with a Pa (probability of activity) of 0.789 and Pi (probability of inactivity) of 0.004. In silico docking analysis indicated that BHT effectively targets two key bacterial enzymes, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and Carbonic Anhydrase (CAH), suggesting interference in bacterial metabolism and survival. These findings indicate that A. cordifolia leaf extract, particularly BHT, holds promise as a natural antibacterial agent to control A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture. Further in vivo validation is recommended to confirm its therapeutic potential.
Assessment of phosphate-solubilizing microbes isolated from indigenous organic-biofertilizers for enhancing plant growth in acid-stressed NADIA NURANIYA KAMALUDDIN; IRWANDHI IRWANDHI; PARTIKA ARUM; YUNUS SETIAWAN; FIQRIAH HANUM KHUMAIRAH; NUR PRIHATININGSIH; TUALAR SIMARMATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260332

Abstract

Abstract. Kamaluddin NN, Irwandhi, Arum P, Setiawan Y, Khumairah FH, Prihatiningsih N, Simarmata T. 2025. Assessment of phosphate-solubilizing microbes isolated from indigenous organic-biofertilizers for enhancing plant growth in acid-stressed. Biodiversitas 26: 1325-1333. Indonesia is one of the countries that produces enormous amounts of organic waste every year, but most of this organic waste has not been appropriately managed, thereby worsening climate change. One alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and sustainable is converting organic waste into Indigenous Organic Biofertilizers (IOB). This process involves the controlled decomposition of organic waste, which is then enriched with beneficial microbes, such as Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes (PSM). PSM from IOB can be a candidate for a biofertilizer inoculant that can withstand environmental stress, especially acidity stress caused by climate change. This research aimed to screen, characterize, and assess the biochemical activity of isolates and molecularly identify PSM from IOB that are resistant to acidity stress. In this research, characterization was carried out in the form of macroscopic and microscopic observations, resistance to acidity stress, phosphate dissolution index, production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), compatibility test, and identification of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial isolates with codes F1ZN1, F2P, and F6P, while fungal isolates F4A, F5B, and F5C were the best PSM isolates. This isolate can produce IAA with a high category of around 57.28-105.94 ppm (bacteria) and a medium category of around 18.34-24.33 ppm (fungi). Apart from that, these isolates are compatible with the isolates to work synergistically. Through molecular identification of 16S rRNA sequencing, F1ZN1 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae strain Ec030, F2P was identified as E. cloacae strain UT25, and F6P was identified as E. cloacae strain ABRL064. These results highlight the potential of PSM isolates from IOB as an effective biofertilizer inoculant candidate for increasing plant growth in environmental stress (acidity) amidst climate change.
Identification of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from shrimp paste using 16S rRNA gene method and assay for MIC of their bacteriocin SUKMAWATI SUKMAWATI; METUSALACH METUSALACH; SYAHRUL SYAHRUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260728

Abstract

Abstract. Sukmawati S, Metusalach M, Syahrul S. 2025. Identification of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from shrimp paste using 16S rRNA gene method and assay for MIC of their bacteriocin. Biodiversitas 26: 3367-3377. Bacteria play a crucial role in various ecosystems, serving as key components in biogeochemical cycles and sources of bioactive compounds. Bacteriocins, a type of secondary metabolite, are antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, notable for their specificity, stability, and eco-friendliness. These compounds have significant potential in various applications, ranging from food preservation to medical use as an alternative to antibiotics. This study aims to identify bacteriocin-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp (Acetes) paste (terasi) and evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of their crude bacteriocin for its antimicrobial potential. A descriptive method was employed to characterize the bacterial species producing crude bacteriocin from shrimp paste and assess the MIC ability of potential bacteria in inhibiting indicator bacteria. The results revealed that bacteriocin-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp paste, with sample codes TRS1, TRS2, and TRS3 were identified as Bacillus tropicus strain MCCC 1A01406, Bacillus nitratireducens strain MCCC 1A00732, and Bacillus paramycoides strain MCCC 1A04098, respectively. These three bacterial isolates could produce bacteriocins. The results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test showed that at the lowest bacteriocin concentration, but with the highest minimum inhibition, sample TRS1 had an inhibition value of 2.3 mm at a concentration of 0.19%, sample TRS3 had an inhibition value of 1.0 mm at a concentration of 0.19%, and sample TRS2 had an inhibition value of 1.2 mm at a concentration of 0.78%. A total of three isolates identified as Bacillus spp. demonstrated antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.19% to 0.78%.
Integrated coastal management strategies to enhance biodiversity conservation in Karimunjawa National Park, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia SURYANTI SURYANTI; MAX RUDOLF MUSKANANFOLA; SIGIT FEBRIANTO; CHURUN A’IN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260643

Abstract

Abstract. Suryanti S, Muskananfola MR, Febrianto S, A’in C. 2025. Integrated coastal management strategies to enhance biodiversity conservation in Karimunjawa National Park, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3011-3020. The Karimunjawa National Park area in Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia, boasts various coastal resources and ecosystems, including mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs, which serve as habitats for several important organisms. Therefore, a coastal area management strategy is needed to maintain the sustainability of coastal resources. This study focuses on efforts to preserve and conserve biodiversity, especially protected biota in the Karimunjawa National Park area. This research was conducted on three islands representing each ecosystem: Kemujan Island for the mangrove area, Cemara Kecil Island for the seagrass area, and Menjangan Besar Island for the coral reef area. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The primary data used in this study comprise biota inventory data and environmental parameters collected from each island, representing each ecosystem. Data analysis employs a community structure formula to calculate uniformity, diversity, and dominance indices, as well as a SWOT analysis to inform management strategies. The results show that the diversity index (H') is moderate, the uniformity index (e) is relatively stable, and the dominance index (C) does not contain a dominant species. Environmental parameters are also still suitable for the life of biota associated with the ecosystem. The coastal management strategies that can be implemented in Karimunjawa National Park are in quadrant 1. These strategies capitalize on the area's existing strengths and leverage its opportunities.
Spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton communities in the euphotic layers of a tropical caldera lake (Lake Taal, Batangas, Philippines) YITZHAK UZI SHALOM P. INOG; CHRISTON JAIRUS M. RACOMA; JEAN-MATTHEW B. BATE; GARRY A. BENICO; DINO T. TORDESILLAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260722

Abstract

Abstract. Inog YUSP, Racoma CJM, Bate J-MB, Benico GA, Tordesillas DT. 2025. Spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton communities in the euphotic layers of a tropical caldera lake (Lake Taal, Batangas, Philippines). Biodiversitas 26: 3302-3314. Lake Taal in Batangas, Philippines, is an ecologically and economically significant protected area that supports unique biodiversity. Monsoonal patterns and trophic status play a critical role in shaping the lake, however, their effect on the phytoplankton communities in tropical lakes is poorly understood. To address this gap, a spatiotemporal assessment was conducted to examine the diversity and distribution of phytoplankton communities in the euphotic layers of Lake Taal. Water samples across euphotic layers were collected from north (aquaculture) and south (non-aquaculture) basins during three monsoonal events in 2024 (February (northeast monsoon), August (southeast monsoon), and October (intermonsoon)) at varying depths within the euphotic layer and filtered using a 20-µm plankton net. A total of 40 phytoplankton species, representing five classes, with Cyanophyceae (70.78%) dominating the entire lake in density, indicating eutrophic conditions. Phytoplankton abundance showed significant variation across monsoons and basins, while remaining statistically uniform across the euphotic layers, inferring minimal vertical stratification in density. Aquaculture areas had higher phytoplankton density than non-aquaculture areas. Furthermore, the northeast monsoon had the highest phytoplankton density dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa, a harmful algal bloom former, shifting to Cyanocatena imperfecta during the southwest to October intermonsoon period. Diversity indices revealed a moderate diversity with high dominance, and ordination methods revealed monsoon-driven events heavily impacted the phytoplankton community structure of the lake. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen are key environmental factors shaping phytoplankton community structure, influencing species succession and distribution via light penetration and photosynthesis efficiency. The findings underscore the effects of eutrophication and highlight the need for continuous monitoring and seasonally adaptive environmental management strategies in tropical eutrophic lakes.
Light intensity drives regeneration in fragmented mushroom coral Lithophyllon repanda anthocaulus and anthocyathus more than the spectra WIDIASTUTI WIDIASTUTI; NADIRA PUTRI DIWANTI; AGNESYA AGNESYA; NIKEN MAYUNI PUTRI; KADEK MIKO PURNAMA AGUSTINI; ACHMAD RAMADHAN; RIAN PRASETIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261039

Abstract

Abstract. Widiastuti, Diwanti NP, Agnesya, Putri NM, Agustini KMP, Ramadhan A, Prasetia R. 2025. Light intensity drives regeneration in fragmented mushroom coral Lithophyllon repanda anthocaulus and anthocyathus more than the spectra. Biodiversitas 26: 5258-5266. Aquaculture offers a sustainable approach to meeting the high demand in the international ornamental aquarium trade for coral species within the family Fungiidae. Fragmentation, which is the most predominant form of asexual reproduction in the family Fungiidae, helps corals to survive anthropogenic and natural threats. This study aimed to investigate the regeneration phase and time of the artificially fragmented anthocaulus (an attached stalk-like structure) and anthocyathus (a mushroom-like structure) in the mushroom coral Lithophyllon repanda under different light spectra (blue and white lights) and intensities. The anthocaulus was horizontally fragmented from its anthocyathus, which was grown under different light spectra and at various intensities (n = 9 per treatment) for 166 days in controlled aquaria. The regenerations were observed and photographed under a stereomicroscope every 2 days. The results demonstrated that, despite differences in light properties, similar regeneration phases were observed in both fragmented anthocaulus and anthocyathus. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the regeneration time to develop primary polyps on the fragmented anthocaulus and recovered anthocyathus under different light spectra; however, they significantly regenerated and recovered faster at intensities of 130-54 µmol m-2 s-1 for less than 30 days. It implies the vital role of light intensities on the production of new polyps and regeneration of fungiid corals ex situ.
Modelling habitat suitability of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) in Andongrejo Resort, Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia AGUS HIKMAT; ERVIZAL A. M. ZUHUD; EDHI SANDRA; PRIMADHIKA AL MANAR; FRISCHA DHELA WANNA PUTRI; HEKMATYAR AULIA AYUBA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260837

Abstract

Abstract. Hikmat A, Zuhud EAM, Sandra E, Al Manar P, Putri FDW, Ayuba HA. 2025. Modelling habitat suitability of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) in Andongrejo Resort, Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4077-4089. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a species of the Arecaceae family with considerable economic, social, and ecological importance. This study aimed to model the habitat suitability of sugar palm and generate a suitability map based on the relationship between known presence points and key environmental variables. Using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modelling, habitat suitability was predicted and classified based on the relationship between known occurrences and environmental variables. Seven environmental variables were found to contribute to the habitat suitability model. Among them, temperature (49.5%), altitude (29%), and distance from the river (7.7%) were identified as the most influential. The model achieved a high level of accuracy, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.942, indicating excellent predictive performance. Habitat suitability in the Andongrejo Resort, Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia, was categorized into five classes: not suitable (11.17 ha), less suitable (4,882.56 ha), quite suitable (144.28 ha), suitable (42.96 ha), and very suitable (33.64 ha). The findings show that highly suitable habitats occupy a much smaller area compared to less suitable ones, which could threaten the long-term survival of sugar palm populations in the region. Notably, areas with high habitat suitability were mainly found within the forest zone, covering approximately 29.24 ha. These findings provide spatial guidance for habitat management, including restoration and conservation planning, particularly in the forest zones where suitable habitats are concentrated.
Metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of peel extract from Citrus amblycarpa I GUSTI AYU WITA KUSUMAWATI; IDA BAGUS AGUNG YOGESWARA; HENDRI WASITO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260605

Abstract

Abstract. Kusumawati IGAW, Yogeswara IBA, Wasito H. 2025. Metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of peel extract from Citrus amblycarpa. Biodiversitas 26: 2601-2610. Citrus amblycarpa has been traditionally utilized in Balinese herbal medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study takes a unique approach to comprehensively analyzing the metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of C. amblycarpa peel extract. We obtained the extract through sequential extraction using solvents with various polarities, such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The extracted metabolites were identified using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We also quantified the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. The metabolite analysis identified phenolic compounds, flavonoids, limonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, and carboxylic acids, with hesperidin, tangeretin, and neohesperidin emerging as the predominant flavonoids contributing to antioxidant activity. The hexane fraction exhibited the highest TPC (49.19 mg GAE/g dry weight), while the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest TFC (15.44 mg QE/g dry weight). Antioxidant assays revealed significant variation among the extracts, with the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibiting the strongest radical scavenging activities and reducing power activities. These findings highlight the potential of C. amblycarpa peel as a natural source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties, suggesting its possible application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations.
Hemiparasitic features and antioxidant activity of Dendrophthoe pentandra and Scurrula atropurpurea on Diospyros rhodocalyx NONTHIWAT TAESUK; SIRITHIDA BOONPEN; KULLASATREE MANEE; PASAKORN BUNCHALEE; TEERAPORN KATISART; VACHIRAPORN PIKULTHONG; SUTHIRA MANEECHAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260548

Abstract

Abstract. Taesuk N, Boonpen S, Manee K, Bunchalee P, Katisart T, Pikulthong V, Maneechai S. 2025. Hemiparasitic features and antioxidant activity of Dendrophthoe pentandra and Scurrula atropurpurea on Diospyros rhodocalyx. Biodiversitas 26: 2531-2539. Mistletoe, a hemiparasitic plant, exhibits broad ecological adaptability, establishing parasitic relationships with a wide range of host species across diverse habitats and environmental conditions. Dendrophthoe pentandra and Scurrula atropurpurea, belonging to the family Loranthaceae, represent prominent hemiparasitic species with ecological and phytochemical significance. This study investigated the characteristics and phytochemical composition of mistletoe species growing on shared host trees. The phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS assays) of these two hemiparasitic mistletoe species were examined in relation to their common host plant, Diospyros rhodocalyx. Comparative distribution analysis revealed that D. pentandra was more widely distributed across host trees than S. atropurpurea. Morphological assessments of reproductive structures indicated that D. pentandra produced larger and more vividly colored flowers and fruits compared to S. atropurpurea. The phytochemical profiles, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of the leaf and stem extracts were investigated using different extraction solvents. Crude extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. The ethanol extract of D. pentandra stems provided the highest total phenolic content as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activities were assessed using the DPPH and ABTS assays, with the ethyl acetate extract of the stem from S. atropurpurea showing the highest antioxidant activity at IC50 values of 0.282±0.005 and 0.483±0.041 µg/mL, respectively. These findings provide insights into the ecological interactions between flower and fruit characteristics, chemical profiles, and potential bioactivities of mistletoe species.

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