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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Exploring the biocontrol potential of soil bacteria isolated from North Sumatra, Indonesia, against pathogenic fungi SRI WAHYUNI; DWI SURYANTO; KIKI NURTJAHJA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260503

Abstract

Abstract. Wahyuni S, Suryanto D, Nurtjahja K. 2025. Exploring the biocontrol potential of soil bacteria isolated from North Sumatra, Indonesia, against pathogenic fungi. Biodiversitas 26: 2039-2050. The diversity of soil bacteria is very important in the ecosystem. Bacteria can function as biological control agents by exhibiting antagonistic activities and producing bioactive metabolite compounds that inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of various bacteria, test their pathogenicity, and inventory the production of metabolite compounds produced by these bacteria. Bacteria were isolated from soil sources of wood plant areas, bamboo, and agriculture in the Sibolangit area, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Various tests were carried out to obtain the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates obtained, such as macroscopic, staining, triple sugar iron, catalase, starch, gelatin, and Gram. This research showed 20 isolates that could control pathogens with the highest inhibition value, namely isolate B6 with an inhibition value on Fusarium sp. (32.42 mm) and on Colletotrichum sp. (20.72 mm). Isolate SP1 showed an inhibition value on Aspergillus niger (28.32 mm), Aspergillus flavus (25.12 mm), Fusarium sp. (23.11 mm), and Colletotrichum sp. (20.23 mm). Identification of other metabolite compounds isolates B3, T4, and SP10 were able to dissolve phosphate, with inhibition zones of 15.2 mm, 14.3 mm, and 7.1 mm; chitinase activity was produced by species B6 with an inhibition zone of 10.3 mm, and IAA hormone activity was obtained with the highest concentration of 12.86 ppm and the lowest 2.89 ppm. Of the several bacterial isolates treated, species B6 and SP1 have good potential to be developed as biological control agents. Utilizing local natural resources is very important because local soil microorganisms have adapted to the environment and have a unique potential to fight pathogens.
Exploitation history, status, and sustainability challenges of sea cucumber fisheries in the Sapuka Islands, Indonesia (Wallacea) RATNAWATI GATTA; ANDI NUR APUNG MASSISENG; AWALUDDIN AWALUDDIN; SUTRA NOBU; JAYA JAYA; SRI ENDAH PURNAMANINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260602

Abstract

Abstract. Gatta R, Massiseng ANA, Awaluddin, Nobu S, Jaya, Purnamaningtyas SE. 2025. Exploitation history, status, and sustainability challenges of sea cucumber fisheries in the Sapuka Islands, Indonesia (Wallacea). Biodiversitas 26: 2565-2575. The Sapuka Archipelago, Indonesia, located within the Wallacea Region, is known for its rich marine biodiversity, particularly its diverse sea cucumber populations. These echinoderms are highly valued in international markets due to their significant economic and export potential. However, increasing global demand has raised concerns regarding overexploitation and long-term sustainability. This study examines the historical development and current condition of sea cucumber fisheries in the region. Evidence suggests that intensive and continuous harvesting has led to notable declines in the populations of commercially valuable species. Data were obtained from fisher logbooks, focus group discussions with local communities, and trade network records. Historically, fishing practices evolved from shallow-water collection using ladung in the 1960s-1970s to deeper-water harvesting employing scuba gear from the 1980s onward. Of the 19 species currently recorded, 11 are considered high value, with six listed under CITES Appendix II. Most captured individuals fall within the 18-30 cm length range and weigh between 300-600 grams, indicating selective targeting of reproductively mature specimens. Both fishers' observations and historical data confirm a decline in species richness, from 30 to 19 species, and in annual production, from over 1,000 tons to under 100 tons within two decades. The need for sustainable management is urgent and should be a top priority for all of us to prevent further depletion. Export values are influenced by species, quality (moisture and condition), size, production volume, and the Rupiah-US Dollar exchange rate. Primary export markets include Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Malaysia.
Potential of indigenous bacteria from West Sumatra (Indonesia) as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biological soil conditioners in vitro YULENSRI YULENSRI; BENNY WARMAN; NOVERI NOVERI; FRI MAULINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260729

Abstract

Abstract. Yulensri, Warman B, Noveri, Maulina F. 2025. Potential of indigenous bacteria from West Sumatra (Indonesia) as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biological soil conditioners in vitro. Biodiversitas 26: 3378-3386. Farmers depend on chemical fertilizers to increase rice production in the lowlands. As a result, rice fields have become critical due to physical, chemical, and biological degradation caused by the continuous use of chemical fertilizers and environmental pollution from residues. The use of potential indigenous bacteria could solve the problem. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate the indigenous bacteria from the banana stump in West Sumatra and the rhizosphere of the maize plant. The isolated bacteria were identified for their potential as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biological soil conditioners. The experiment was conducted from March to May 2024 at the Plant Protection Laboratory of Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh and the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia. The variables observed were the potential of bacteria as N fixers, P solubilizing, secretion of protease, kinase, cellulase enzymes, and exopolysaccharide (EPS). The results of the molecular analysis showed that potential isolates were Azotobacter beijerinckii Lipman, 1904 and Alcaligenes faecalis C. Both bacteria showed potential as PGPR and biological soil conditioners, which positively fixed nitrogen, can solubilize phosphate, produce auxins, and secrete chitinase, cellulase, protease enzymes, and EPS.
Assessment of coral reef health and resilience in Saobi and Sapapan Islands, Kangean Archipelago, Indonesia AHMAD HANDOKO; ZAINUL HIDAYAH; DIAN SAPTARINI; DWI BUDI WIYANTO; JIHANNUMA ADIBIAH NURDINI; DEDI SETIAWAN; LUCAS DE OLIVEIRA VIEIRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260741

Abstract

Abstract. Handoko A, Hidayah Z, Saptarini D, Wiyanto DB, Nurdini JA, Setiawan D, Vieira LDO. 2025. Assessment of coral reef health and resilience in Saobi and Sapapan Islands, Kangean Archipelago, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3545-3559. Coral reef ecosystems in East Java are inadequately documented due to the lack of long-term monitoring and conservation programs, such as COREMAP, in comparison to the eastern region of Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the condition, conservation status, and resilience capacity of coral reef ecosystems on small islands. The research was conducted in the remote areas of Saobi and Sapapan Islands, situated to the east of mainland Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. The percentage of benthic cover was measured in three stations on Sapapan Island and four stations on Saobi Island using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The resilience of the coral reef ecosystem was evaluated by calculating the percentages of fleshy seaweed cover, rubble, and live coral cover. Also, the Conservation Class (CC) was determined by looking at the types of coral, which are categorized as Ruderals (r), Competitors (K), and Stress-tolerators (S) using the rKS ternary diagram. The results showed that based on the percentage of live coral cover, the benthic ecosystems of Saobi and Sapapan Islands are in moderate to excellent condition, with average live coral covers of 58.01±10.15 and 70.02±14.40, respectively. Coral lifeforms with a fairly high percentage and dominating the benthic habitat on both islands include Coral Branching (CB), Coral Massive (CM) and Coral Foliose (CF). Coral reef ecosystems in both islands showed a strong ability to recover, as shown by a high percentage of live coral cover and very little fleshy seaweed cover (3%) and coral rubble (60% or less). The rKS diagram showed that the coral reef ecosystems on Sapapan and Saobi Islands are classified as CC2 for conservation, meaning they have more than 60% Competitor-type coral (K) and over 50% live coral cover. These results suggest that the environmental conditions in the study area continue to support the coral reef growth.
Community structure of epilithic microalgae in the Upper Setail River, Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia DIANA ARFIATI; UMI ZAKIYAH; ALFI NUR RUSYDI; MUHAMMAD ZIDAN AL ATHOR; KHARISMA ORCHIDA; ZAKIYYAH NUR INAYAH; WINDA HIMATUL ULYA; AHMAD ALFA SAHAL; RIFQAH RACHMAWATI; TITIS DWI ANDHANI; RIZKY KUSMA PRATIWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260528

Abstract

Abstract. Arfiati D, Zakiyah U, Rusydi AN, Al Athor MZ, Orchida K, Inayah ZN, Ulya WH, Sahal AA, Rachmawati R, Andhani TD, Pratiwi RK. 2025. Community structure of epilithic microalgae in the Upper Setail River, Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2309-2319. Setail River is one of the freshwater ecosystems in Banyumas District, East Java, Indonesia, which contains a lot of rocky substrates. This substrate can serve as a site for epilithic microalgae to attach, which act as natural food sources for aquatic organisms and serve as a bioindicator of the aquatic environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the community structure of epilithic microalgae in the Setail River. This study was carried out from December 2023 to September 2024 using a survey method at 5 sampling points in the Upper Setail River, Banyuwangi District. Epilithic microalgae samples were taken using the quadrant transect method (5x5 cm²) and identified using the Modified Lackey Drop Micro Transect Counting Method. The identified results included 35 genera from 4 divisions of epilithic microalgae. The microalgae divisions are Bacillariophyta (27 genera), Chlorophyta (2 genera), Cyanophyta (3 genera), and Charophyta (3 genera). The abundance of epilithic microalgae is 8,169-21,240 cells/cm². The Bacillariophyta division is the most frequently found division, with a percentage ranging from 83 to 95%. Navicula is the most frequently found genus, with the highest average abundance of 6,225 cells per cm², making it a key indicator of organic pollution in waters. The diversity index ranges from 1.65-2.17 (moderate, H': 1-3), the evenness index ranges from (0.75-0.80) (e>6 high), and the dominance index ranges from 0.17-0.33 (low, C approaching 0). The Saprobic Index analysis obtained in the Setail River waters ranges from 0.60 to 1, indicating that the waters are lightly polluted (?-mesosaprobic), which suggests that only a few pollutants enter from organic and inorganic materials. The lowest saprobic value was found at station 5, indicating that further management of waste input into the river is necessary to prevent severe pollution due to organic and inorganic waste in the Setail River waters.
Estimation of vegetation cover percentage using visual on-screen classification in the Krueng Lagsa Watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI; RENI YUSNIAR; BOY RIZA JUANDA; MUHAMMAD RUSDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260905

Abstract

Abstract. Iswahyudi, Yusniar R, Juanda BR, Rusdi M. 2025. Estimation of vegetation cover percentage using visual on-screen classification in the Krueng Lagsa Watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4297-4308. The research aims to identify land cover types contributing to the degradation of the Krueng Langsa Watershed in Aceh Province, Indonesia and analyze the Vegetation Cover Percentage (VCP). The analysis used Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, including visual on-screen digitization of land cover classes based on RapidEye satellite imagery. The RapidEye imagery has a 5 m spatial resolution, allowing detailed classification of land cover types and accurate estimation of Vegetation Cover Percentage (VCP). The Indonesian Ministry of Forestry Regulation guided the study No. P.61/Menhut-II/2014, focusing on monitoring and evaluating watershed management. Based on image interpretation, 12 land cover classes were identified: primary dryland forest, secondary dryland forest, primary mangrove forest, secondary mangrove forest, open land, plantations, settlements, mixed dryland agriculture, rice fields, shrubs, fishponds, and water bodies. This classification highlights the dominance of vegetated land, which plays an important role in supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services in river basins. Conversely, 35.41% of the Krueng Langsa Watershed comprises non-vegetated land such as open land, settlements, fishponds, and water bodies. The fishpond land cover class occupies 14.00% of the total watershed area, potentially exerting additional environmental pressure if not managed sustainably. This information is essential for guiding watershed management strategies and biodiversity conservation planning. The VCP value of 64.59% suggests that permanent vegetation in the Krueng Langsa Watershed remains in good condition.
Analysis of sago starch (Metroxylon sagu) quality from various cultivars in the Yapen Islands, Papua, Indonesia SOETJIPTO MOELJONO; ENDRA GUNAWAN; SUSILO BUDI HUSODO; JULIUS D. NUGROHO; WOLFRAM Y. MOFU; ANA TAMPANG; MATHEUS BELJAI; B. M. G. SADSOEITOEBOEN; FRANCINA F. KESAULIJA; MAHMUD MAHMUD; MARTHINUS P. IWANGGIN; VIKTOR I. SIMBIAK; SUSANTI TASIK; MELISA S. WORABAI; DINA ARUNG PADANG; RADITE YOGASWARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260616

Abstract

Abstract. Moeljono S, Gunawan E, Husodo SB, Nugroho JD, Mofu WY, Tampang A, Beljai M, Sadsoeitoeboen BMG, Kesaulija FF, Mahmud, Iwanggin MP, Simbiak VI, Tasik S, Worabai MS, Padang DA, Yogaswara R. 2025. Analysis of sago starch (Metroxylon sagu) quality from various cultivars in the Yapen Islands, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2717-2725. Sago (Metroxylon sagu) is a palm plant that produces carbohydrates and possesses significant potential to support food security and industry in the Yapen Islands District, Papua. This study aimed to analyze the quality of sago starch from the various cultivars that thrive in the region. A quantitative method using a survey research design was applied, with sampling conducted in the Eastern and Western Yapen Sub-Clusters from January to March 2024. The physicochemical analysis of sago starch was carried out at the Forest Products Technology Laboratory of the University of Papua. The results indicate a diversity of sago cultivars in both areas, with the Woru and Noyn cultivars dominating Western Yapen, and Kurai and Amiri in Eastern Yapen. The starch yield varied significantly between cultivars, with the Noyn (630 kg/tree) and Huworu (264 kg/tree) cultivars recording the highest production. The physicochemical characteristics revealed a variation in moisture content (1.66-4.78%), fineness (88.98-95.12%), ash content (0.91-1.39%), and degree of acidity (1.3-5.7). The Kurai, Huworu, and Woru cultivars exhibited superior characteristics for food industry applications, while Makubong and Dami showed potential for non-food applications. The development of sago agro-business in the Yapen Islands District necessitates the selection of appropriate cultivars and the strengthening of post-harvest management systems to optimize both economic and ecological value.
Implications of population size, structure, and soil parameters for the conservation of Allochrusa gypsophiloides in Kazakhstan ASEM TASTANBEKOVA; KANAT KULYMBET; MERUYERT KURMANBAYEVA; MARIA HÖHN; MOLDIR ZHUMAGUL; OZODBEK ABDURAIMOV; GANI I. ISSAYEV; ORYNBASSAR ALSHYNBAYEV; MURAT TOKTAR; ZHASSULAN SMANOV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260504

Abstract

Abstract. Tastanbekova A, Kulymbet K, Kurmanbayeva M, Höhn M, Zhumagul M, Abduraimov O, Issayev GI, Alshynbayev O, Toktar M, Smanov Z. 2025. Implications of population size, structure, and soil parameters for the conservation of Allochrusa gypsophiloides in Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 26: 2051-2064. The study examines the distribution, population size, and ecological conditions of Allochrusa gypsophiloides in the Karatau Mountain Range, Kazakhstan. This rare species, listed in the Red Data Book, was found in four populations (P1-P4): Sayasu Gorge (P1), Kuyuk Pass (P2), and The Vicinity of Birlik (P3) and Kenestobe Villages (P4). Geobotanical research assessed species composition, plant communities, and ontogenetic structure using Uranov’s classification. Soil properties, including humus content, nutrient levels, and pH, were analyzed. The total number of A. gypsophiloides individuals across all sites was 91, with low population densities (0.15-0.29 individuals/m²). Age structure analysis revealed no senile individuals, with generative individuals predominating in two populations. Generative (g1) individuals accounted for 20.0% in P1 and 18.52%, 24.14%, and 33.34% in P2-P4, respectively. Post-generative (sub-senile) individuals were rare (0-13.34%). Despite a relatively stable age composition, low population density remains a concern. Soils across populations shared similar characteristics: low humus and nutrient content, moderately to strongly alkaline pH, and sandy loam to medium loam textures. The species' restricted distribution, low density, and specific soil requirements make it highly vulnerable to environmental changes and human activities. Conservation efforts of A. gypsophiloides should be aimed at protecting key habitats (Sayasu Gorge, Kuyuk Pass, and The Vicinity of Birlik and Kenestobe) with limited economic activity, introducing a system for long-term monitoring of the number and age structure of populations using standardized techniques, as well as assessing opportunities for reintroduction of the species to suitable sites. Further research on reproductive biology and ecological interactions is essential for ensuring the species' long-term survival in the Syrdarya Karatau Mountain Range.
Population structure of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) in Central Vietnam through morphological and genetic analyses NGUYEN TY; NGUYEN MY KIM NGAN; BUI VAN LOI; NGUYEN DUC THANH; NGUYEN XUAN HUY; TRAN VAN GIANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260537

Abstract

Abstract. Ty N, Ngan NMK, Loi BV, Thanh ND, Huy NX, Giang TV. 2025. Population structure of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) in Central Vietnam through morphological and genetic analyses. Biodiversitas 26: 2402-2409. The yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782)) is a key species found along the coastal waters of Central Vietnam, where it plays an important role in local fisheries and ecosystems. Understanding its taxonomy and population dynamics is crucial for effective management and conservation. This study aimed to investigate the morphological and genetic characteristics of A. latus populations across three regions in Central Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue, Quang Binh, and Nghe An) to enhance knowledge of the species' diversity and structure. Morphological identification was based on 11 meristic counts, which revealed distinct species-specific traits, such as a slender, laterally flattened body, comb-like scales, and yellow fins. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (mtCOI) sequences identified high genetic similarity (99.54%-100%) with references in NCBI GenBank, confirming the species identification. A total of six haplotypes were found, with Thua Thien Hue exhibiting the greatest genetic diversity, while Quang Binh showed no detectable nucleotide variation. AMOVA results indicated that 95.75% of the genetic variation occurred within populations, suggesting weak differentiation among regions (Fst = 0.04247). Neutrality tests indicated population expansion or purifying selection in Thua Thien Hue and Nghe An, while Quang Binh experienced a reduction in genetic variation. These findings offer valuable insights for the conservation and management of A. latus populations, emphasizing the need for strategies that account for both genetic connectivity and regional variability. The study also contributes to understanding the species' ecological interactions and provides a foundation for future research to monitor long-term changes in genetic diversity.
Various secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi induced by a newly modified medium and their insecticidal activities JELLY MILINIA PUSPITA SARI; SITI HERLINDA; ELFITA ELFITA; SUWANDI SUWANDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260437

Abstract

Abstract. Sari JMP, Herlinda S, Elfita, Suwandi S. 2025. Various secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi induced by a newly modified medium and their insecticidal activities. Biodiversitas 26: 1881-1890. This research aimed to identify and increase the variation of secondary metabolites of Penicillium citrinum, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae from South Sumatra and to determine their insecticidal activities. The fungi were grown on a Glucose Yeast Extract Broth (GYB) medium enriched with cricket powder and a Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. Secondary metabolite compounds from peaks in the LC-MS chromatograms of the crude extract of P. citrinum cultured in GYB medium were guanidine acetate, 8-deoxygartanin, abafungin, and 2-amino-5-carboethoxy-4-hydroxypyrimidine. Isoquinoline and leucic acid were detected in P. citrinum extracts of PDB culture. B. bassiana could produce psoralidin and L-(+)-lysine from GYB culture and adenine, guanidine acetate, ethyl carbazate, aceglutamide, and L-(+)-lysine from PDB culture. M. anisopliae could synthesize cytosine, adenine, n-aminoguanidine, azanidazole, phenol, methyl carbazate, and antiarol from GYB medium and 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propanethiol and 2-(7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione from PDB medium. P. citrinum extract from GYB culture caused the highest larval mortality (98%) of Spodoptera frugiperda. Nevertheless, the mortality was not significantly different from that induced by B. bassiana (96.67%) and M. anisopliae (97.33%) from GYB culture. Thus, the fungi cultured in the GYB medium have the potential to synthesize more secondary metabolite compounds, and they have high insecticidal activities, inducing high larval mortality.

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