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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Analysis of morphology and population dynamics of giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) at Sungsang Estuaries, South Sumatra, Indonesia MELKI MELKI; FADHILAH DZAKIYYAH ANANTA; ISNAINI ISNAINI; FITRI AGUSTRIANI; REZI APRI; HARTONI HARTONI; ELLIS NURJUALISTI NINGSIH; JENI MEIYERANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260524

Abstract

Abstract. Melki, Ananta FD, Isnaini, Agustriani F, Apri R, Hartoni, Ningsih EN, Meiyerani J. 2025. Analysis of morphology and population dynamics of giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) at Sungsang Estuaries, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2269-2277. The giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri is one of the most abundant mudskipper species, playing a vital role in the biomass of mangrove ecosystems. Mudskipper fish are also found in the Sungsang Coast, an estuary of the Musi River that is fed by river water from three provinces in Indonesia: South Sumatra, Lampung, and Bengkulu. This study aimed to analyze the morphology and population dynamics of mudskippers along with their environmental parameters in Sungsang Coastal, South Sumatra. For this study, mudskipper specimens were collected from five sampling sites along the Sungsang Coast and analyzed for morphometric characteristics, length-weight relationships, and their correlations with key environmental parameters like temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The analysis of fifty-five specimens revealed an average total length of 20.08 cm, a standard length of 17.34 cm, and an average weight of 85.4 g. The growth pattern exhibited positive allometry (b>3), suggesting that as these fish grow, their body weight increases faster than their length. Condition factor analysis indicated that the fish sampled were healthy and in good nutritional condition. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further highlighted a strong association between dissolved oxygen and pH levels with the morphometric characteristics of the mudskippers, explaining 55.47% of the variation on the F1 axis and 24.70% on the F2 axis. This robust correlation between environmental factors and morphometric characteristics underscores the reliability of our findings. These findings provide crucial insights into the ecological health of the Giant Mudskipper and its dependence on specific environmental factors in the mangrove habitat are of utmost importance.
Susceptibility of the Punctulatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) to insecticide carbamate in Papua, Indonesia LEPA SYAHRANI; ASTARI DWIRANTI; PUJI BUDI SETIA ASIH; ISMAIL EKOPRAYITNO ROZI; DENDI HADI PERMANA; ANOM BOWOLAKSONO; DIN SYAFRUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260338

Abstract

Abstract. Syahrani L, Dwiranti A, Asih PBS, Rozi IE, Permana DH, Bowolaksono A, Syafruddin D. 2025. Susceptibility of the Punctulatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) to insecticide carbamate in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1376-1383. Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) are the primary vector control tools recommended for reducing malaria transmission in endemic areas. However, the emergence and spread of pyrethroid resistance among the Anopheles punctulatus group poses a significant challenge for malaria vector control in Papua, Indonesia. While carbamate-based IRS is a potential strategy to mitigate resistance, its effectiveness within malaria control programs requires continuous monitoring. This study assessed the susceptibility of the Punctulatus group to bendiocarb (0.1%) and analyzed the underlying resistance mechanisms. Bioassays were conducted in three sub-districts of Keerom District, Papua. Additionally, biochemical assays were performed to measure the activity of detoxifying enzymes, including esterases, Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs), and acetylcholinesterase. Ace-1 fragments were amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing to detect nucleotide substitution at codon 119. Results indicated full susceptibility (100%) of the Punctulatus group to bendiocarb at all study sites. Compared to unexposed controls, bendiocarb-exposed populations exhibited significantly higher GST (p: 1.403e-06), elevated esterase activity (p: 0.247), and reduced acetylcholinesterase inhibition (p: 0.002). PCR sequencing of 29 samples confirmed that all carried the wild-type Ace-1 allele (GGG, GGC, and GGT). These findings provide crucial evidence for malaria control programs in selecting appropriate vector control products and managing insecticide resistance. Despite full susceptibility to bendiocarb, elevated detoxification enzyme activity suggests potential early-stage metabolic resistance. Further molecular studies are recommended to investigate metabolic resistance mechanisms, along with rigorous monitoring using bioassays, biochemical assays, and molecular tools to track insecticide susceptibility trends over time.
Wildlife diversity of Malagufuk Forest, Papua for sustainable ecotourism and community-based forest management YOSEP RUSLIM; Amatus Turot; Chandra Dewana Boer; Paulus Matius; Jonni Marwa; Rujehan Rujehan; Rustam Rustam; Rachmat Budiwijaya Suba; Ali Suhardiman; Rochadi Kristiningrum
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260529

Abstract

Malagufuk Forest in Southwest Papua is a biodiversity hotspot with significant ecological and economic potential for ecotourism and community-based forest management. This study aims to assess the diversity of birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles in the region and explore their implications for conservation and sustainable tourism. The research employed a combination of direct and indirect observation methods, including mist nets, camera traps, and community interviews. A total of 29 bird species from 14 families, seven mammal species from six families, and nine amphibian and reptile species were identified. Several species, including the iconic Birds-of-Paradise and cassowaries, are protected under Indonesian and international conservation regulations. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining forest cover for species richness and ecosystem stability. However, challenges such as habitat disturbance and unsustainable land use pose threats to biodiversity conservation. The study suggests that integrating conservation strategies with ecotourism development can provide economic benefits to local communities while ensuring wildlife protection. Sustainable management, community engagement, and infrastructure development are key to preserving Malagufuk's ecological integrity and promoting responsible tourism. This research supports the establishment of Malagufuk as a model for ecotourism-based conservation in Papua
Antibacterial diketopiperazines from marine sponge-associated Actinobacteria against multidrug-resistant bacteria AFINA LARASATI; SRI BUDIARTI; YULIN LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261245

Abstract

Abstract. Larasati A, Budiarti S, Lestari Y. 2025. Antibacterial diketopiperazines from marine sponge-associated Actinobacteria against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 26: 6480-6489. The global rise of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has created an urgent demand for new antibacterial agents. Marine actinomycetes, particularly those associated with marine sponges, are considered a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study explored the antibacterial potential of 12 actinobacterial isolates obtained from the marine sponge Callyspongia sp., collected from the waters of Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Among these, the isolate Cal24h exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. Based on previous 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this isolate was identified as Streptomyces tendae. Optimization of its culture conditions significantly enhanced inhibition zones against four MDR bacterial strains: 18.57±0.08 mm for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1.1, 19.70±0.09 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20.09±0.20 mm for Bacillus subtilis, and 20.54±0.31 mm for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of the ethyl acetate extract ranged from 62.5 to 125 µg/mL. Further analysis using GC-MS and LC-MS revealed the presence of diketopiperazine compounds, including Cyclo(Leu-Pro), Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), and Cyclo(Pro-Phe), all known for their antibacterial properties. Notably, this study is the first to report the use of a modified A1 medium to enhance antibacterial metabolite production in sponge-derived Streptomyces, representing a novel cultivation strategy. Cultivation in A1 medium yielded the highest extract quantity and exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity among all media tested. This study provides the first diketopiperazine production by S. tendae associated with the Indonesian sponge Callyspongia sp., thereby underscoring the untapped potential of sponge-derived actinobacteria as promising sources of antibacterial compounds against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Reef fish resilience following a significant earthquake disaster in the Nias Islands, Indonesia RISANDI DWIRAMA PUTRA; RIKOH MANOGAR SIRINGORINGO; MUHAMMAD ABRAR; NI WAYAN PURANAMASARI; DIETRIECH GEOFFREY BENGEN; NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI; BEGINER SUBHAN; LUDI PARWADANI AJI; GIYANTO GIYANTO; INDRA PUTRA ALMANAR; EFRIN ANTONIA DOLLU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260433

Abstract

Abstract. Putra RD, Siringoringo RM, Abrar M, Puranamasari NW, Bengen DG, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Aji LP, Giyanto, Almanar IP, Dollu EA. 2025. Reef fish resilience following a significant earthquake disaster in the Nias Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1836-1845. The geological upheaval of the Nias Islands, Indonesia, due to a major earthquake in 2005, resulted in lithospheric shifts, causing a sea floor uplift of approximately 1-2 meters. This uplift led to localized coral mortality, posing a threat to certain reefs and consequently impacting the composition of coral reef fishes. This study aims to explore the enduring changes in coral reef fish composition before and after the earthquake. Underwater Visual Census (UVC) transect surveys were conducted using standard SCUBA diving equipment to quantify fish abundance and biomass in benthic substrate transect locations. The reef fish assemblages categorized into corallivores (Chaetodontidae), herbivores (Acanthuridae, Scaridae, and Siganidae), and carnivores (Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, and Serranidae), were studied from eight fish families, with species identification conducted at the individual level. Analysis of corallivorous fish abundance during the pre-earthquake period (2004), earthquake event (2005), and post-earthquake recovery (2007-2010) revealed no significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis, p: 0.58). Corallivore abundance was lower in the pre-earthquake conditions, increased during the earthquake (Pairwise Wilcoxon test, p-value: 0.74), decreased in 2007 (Pairwise Wilcoxon test, p-value: 0.071) after the disturbance, but rebounded in 2008 (Pairwise Wilcoxon test, p-value: 0.23). Post the seismic event in 2005, ecological indices reflecting Shannon diversity (H’) and Uniformity Index Evenness (J) among reef fish, especially the corallivore group, consistently displayed a noticeable decline. However, recovery progress levels were exclusively regained by 2010.
New distribution record of seagrass Ruppia brevipedunculata from intertidal cultivation ponds in South Kalimantan, Indonesia DAFIUDDIN SALIM; ROHANI AMBO-RAPPE; SUPRIADI MASHORENG; NADIARTI NURDIN KADIR; MUTA HARAH ZAKARIA; WAWAN KISWARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260507

Abstract

Abstract. Salim D, Ambo-Rappe R, Mashoreng S, Kadir NN, Zakaria MH, Kiswara W. 2025. New distribution record of seagrass Ruppia brevipedunculata from intertidal cultivation ponds in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2088-2096. Ruppia seagrass has a widespread distribution across global waters. The loss of Ruppia in the water highlights the broader environmental challenges faced by coastal ecosystems due to human activities. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Ruppia brevipedunculata in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and identify it using both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Samples of Ruppia were randomly collected from cultivation ponds using linear transects of 100 meters in length. The samples were then measured to describe their morphological characteristics. For molecular identification, a total of 200 mg of fresh leaves was isolated using the Plant Genomic DNA Mini Kit and then amplified using the ITS gene sequence, followed by the PCR procedure. DNA analysis was conducted using MEGA 11 software, which involved editing, trimming, and aligning sequences with CLUSTAL W, constructing a phylogenetic tree, and calculating genetic distances. The sample of R. brevipedunculata and other Ruppia sequences were analyzed using the BLAST. The findings revealed that the morphological characteristics of the samples collected in this study closely matched those of R. brevipedunculata recorded in other regions. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that R. brevipedunculata from this study is closely related to populations from China and Rote Island, Indonesia. This study contributes valuable data on the newly identified distribution record of Ruppia in Indonesian waters and highlights the importance of preserving their habitat in coastal areas.
In vitro growth assessment of Trichoderma spp. from paddy rhizosphere on glyphosate- and fipronil- containing medium AGNES V. SIMAMORA; PETRONELLA S. NENOTEK; MAYAVIRA V. HAHULY; LILY F. ISHAQ; SRI WIDINUGRAHENI; YENNY RAJA KANA; SPERATUS C. U. PASI; ANTONIUS R. B. OLA; EVERT Y. HOSANG; BAYU R. FITRIADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260502

Abstract

Abstract. Simamora AV, Nenotek PS, Hahuly MV, Ishaq LF, Widinugraheni S, Kana YR, Pasi SCU, Ola ARB, Hosang EY, Fitriadi BR. 2025. In vitro growth assessment of Trichoderma spp. from paddy rhizosphere on glyphosate- and fipronil- containing medium. Biodiversitas 26: 2028-2038. Agricultural practices worldwide increasingly rely on synthetic pesticides to enhance crop productivity and manage pest infestations. Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, and fipronil, a broad-spectrum insecticide, are extensively applied due to their effectiveness. However, prolonged use of these agrochemicals raises significant environmental concerns, particularly soil contamination, which disrupts microbial diversity and degrades soil health. The persistence of glyphosate and fipronil in soil ecosystems challenges sustainable agriculture, necessitating the exploration of bioremediation strategies. Research on the ability of Trichoderma spp. to degrade these pesticides remains limited, highlighting the need for this study. This research aimed to (i) isolate Trichoderma spp. from paddy fields with frequent glyphosate and fipronil application; (ii) assess their growth on PDA media supplemented with glyphosate and fipronil; and (iii) evaluate their in vitro potential for pesticide degradation. Growth assessments were conducted on PDA media supplemented with glyphosate at 0 mL/L (control), 5.0 mL/L (recommended concentration), and 12.5 mL/L, and with fipronil at 0 mL/L (control), 2.0 mL/L (recommended concentration), and 4.0 mL/L. The degradation potential was evaluated using a modified dual-culture method with Fusarium oxysporum as the indicator pathogen. The results showed four Trichoderma isolates were obtained, namely T. harzianum 01, T. camerunense 02, T. harzianum 03, and Trichoderma 04. Growth analysis indicated that T. harzianum 01 had the highest colony diameter (9.0 cm) and exhibited complete resistance at recommended glyphosate and fipronil concentrations, while T. camerunense 02 was the most sensitive. Relative inhibition rate analysis confirmed that glyphosate had a stronger inhibitory effect than fipronil. Antagonism tests revealed that all isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum, with inhibition rates ranging from 70.59 to 83.96%, indicating strong biocontrol potential. These findings demonstrate the resilience of Trichoderma spp. under pesticide exposure and their capacity to inhibit phytopathogens, supporting their potential as bioremediation and biological control agents for sustainable soil management.
Effects of microclimate factors on the distribution of Araceae in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia RASYIDAH WAHAB; KARTINI SAIBEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260715

Abstract

Abstract. Wahab R, Saibeh K. 2025. Effects of microclimate factors on the distribution of Araceae in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 26: 3237-3245. The growth and distribution of plant species, such as Araceae, in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia, are influenced by the microclimatic conditions of their habitat. These microclimatic variations result from the combined effects of environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Therefore, this study examined how microclimatic factors influence the habitat preferences of Araceae in Kinabalu Park through transect sampling along major trails across seven study areas. It revealed a high diversity of Araceae, with 88 species from 17 genera identified, belonging to eight tribes. The tribe Schismatoglottideae and genus Schismatoglottis were the most represented. While, the most abundant species was Homalomena sagittifolia. Species turnover was low to moderate across the study areas, as indicated by the Jaccard similarity index (23.08-56.10%). Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that microclimatic factors significantly influenced the species distribution, with an inertia value of 84.96%. Correlation values indicated that temperature (r2: 0.8898) and relative humidity (r2: -0.8764) were the most significant factors. In conclusion, the Araceae species in Kinabalu Park exhibit strong adaptability to microclimatic variations driven by its complex topography. This observation underscores the ecological significance of microhabitats in promoting the diversity of Araceae species, highlighting the need for conservation strategies that account for these environmental interactions.
Analysis of the sustainability of productive carbon forests in Garut, West Java, Indonesia SURYA AKBAR PUTRA; DODIK RIDHO NURROCHMAT; HANDIAN PURWAWANGSA; NUGRAHA AKBAR NURROCHMAT; MUDRIKA QANITHA; FAIZAL MUTAQIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260713

Abstract

Abstract. Putra SA, Nurrochmat DR, Purwawangsa H, Nurrochmat NA, Qanitha M, Mutaqin F. 2025. Analysis of the sustainability of productive carbon forests in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3218-3226. This study discusses the sustainability of the Productive Carbon Forest (PCF) program in Garut District, West Java, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sustainability index of the PCF program. The data used in this study are primary data (expert interviews, field surveys) and secondary data (library, agency reports). This study uses Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) techniques to analyze the dimensions of sustainability, with a scale of 0 (lowest) to 2 (highest), along with Rapid Appraisal for Private Forests (RAP-PFOREST) support, to assess the level of similarity and dissimilarity for each dimension. The results showed that Halimun community forestry is in the very sustainable category with a sustainability score of 80.35%, and produces 12 sensitive attributes, while Giriawas social forestry is in the moderately sustainable category with a sustainability score of 63.94% and produces 12 sensitive attributes that affect the management of the PCF program. Based on the results of the study at the two locations of the PCF program implementation, this study concluded that there were differences in the sustainability index values ??at the two locations of the program implementation, meaning that at the Giri Purnama Alam social forestry location, there is a need to improve technical assistance for adaptive management and monitoring. We recommend involving various stakeholders to encourage them to become a strategic reference in formulating sustainable forestry policies in the future.
GC-MS profiling and molecular docking of bioactive compounds from Strychnos lucida on reproductive protein targets ST. AISYAH SIJID; HERRY SONJAYA; RATMAWATI MALAKA; HASBI HASBI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260737

Abstract

Abstract. Sijid SA, Sonjaya H, Malaka R, Hasbi H. 2025. GC-MS profiling and molecular docking of bioactive compounds from Strychnos lucida on reproductive protein targets. Biodiversitas 26: 3469-3484. Strychnos lucida, locally known as Kayu Ular (KU), is traditionally used in various regions of Indonesia, commonly used to enhance stamina and vitality, with anecdotal claims suggesting benefits related to reproductive function. This study aimed to evaluate the plant’s potential in reproductive health through phytochemical screening, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and molecular docking analysis. The extract was obtained by macerating the plant material in 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal modulatory activities. Among them, flavonoids and saponins are particularly known to improve fertility enhancement and hormonal balance. A total of 66 compounds were identified by GC-MS, with Lunacrine (52.71%) as the most abundant. Molecular docking was conducted on four dominant compounds—Lunacrine, (Z)-11-octadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid—against five reproductive-related protein targets: AMPK, SIRT1, COX-2, PPAR-?, and Dynein. Lunacrine exhibited strong binding affinities with the target receptors AMPK (-7.8 kcal/mol), SIRT1 (-8.5 kcal/mol), and COX-2 (-8.9 kcal/mol), suggesting its potential to modulate energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation—critical processes in hormonal regulation and reproductive function. These findings support the traditional use of S. lucida for reproductive health and highlight Lunacrine as a promising candidate for further phytopharmaceutical development. Follow-up in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to validate its therapeutic potential.

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