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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Morphological diversity of fish size and otolith dimension of the protandrous hermaphroditic fish Eleutheronema tetradactylum from Pattani Bay, Thailand TEUKU HARIS IQBAL; SUKREE HAJISAMAE; SOFIYUDIN MAAE; ILHAM ZULFAHMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260430

Abstract

Abstract. Iqbal TH, Hajisamae S, Maae S, Zulfahmi I. 2025. Morphological diversity of fish size and otolith dimension of the protandrous hermaphroditic fish Eleutheronema tetradactylum from Pattani Bay, Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 1807-1815. This study examines the morphological diversity of otolith dimensions across different sexes and size classes of Eleutheronema tetradactylum from Pattani Bay, Thailand. A total of 303 specimens (166 males, 137 females) were collected using monofilament gillnets from May to December 2021. Measurements of Standard Length (SL) and Body Weight (BW), Otolith Length (OL), Otolith Height (OH), and Otolith Weight (OW) were taken to the nearest size of 0.01 mm and weight of 0.001 g. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Student's t-test, and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were applied to estimate relationships and significant differences between sexes and size classes. The highest correlation was observed between SL and BW with OL in males (R2: 0.95). Significant differences were found in otolith parameters between sexes and size classes; females exhibited significantly larger otoliths than males, and the larger size of fish was also associated with significantly larger otoliths than those of smaller fish (P<0.01). These findings highlight the correlation between fish size and otolith dimensions, demonstrating otolith analysis as a useful tool for growth estimation and stock differentiation of E. tetradactylum populations.
Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive biology of the bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus in Southern Java, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ARIF RAHMAN; LEDHYANE IKA HARLYAN; ABU BAKAR SAMBAH; ARIEF SETYANTO; ALYAA FARAH QONITAH; MIFTAH WISNU PURNOMO AJI; ERLYN YULIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260601

Abstract

Abstract. Rahman MA, Harlyan LI, Sambah AB, Setyanto A, Qonitah AF, Aji MWP, Yulianti E. 2025. Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive biology of the bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus in Southern Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2557-2564. The bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus is one of two known Alopiidae species lived in Indonesian waters. This species was usually captured in southern waters of Indonesia (Indian Ocean) by various fishing gears. This study aims to investigate size structure, length-weight relationships, relative condition factor, and length at first maturity of A. superciliosus landed at Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port, Central Java, Indonesia, providing data for sustainable management. Sampling was conducted monthly over seven months, documenting fork length, body weight, and identifying sex through external examination from 484 sharks (241 males and 243 females). Results revealed a wide size range (77-256 cmFL) of samples and a balanced overall sex ratio, although monthly fluctuations were observed. Growth pattern was negative allometric with value of b: 2.871, 2.789, and 2.936 for combined sex, males, and female, respectively. Relative condition factor predominantly exceeded 1.00. The length at first maturity for males was 150.61 cm, with around 40% of sampled individuals caught prior to sexual maturity. These results underscore the vulnerability of A. superciliosus populations and highlight the urgent need for management measures such as size-limit regulations and modifications of fishing operations to reduce bycatch. Overall, this study provides crucial baseline data for policymakers, laying the groundwork for more effective conservation of bigeye thresher sharks in Indonesian waters and beyond.
Biodiversity of the ichthyofauna in the estuary area of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia ENI KAMAL; AMELIA SRIWAHYUNI LUBIS; ZAVIRA MAYZURI; RINI HERTATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260607

Abstract

Abstract. Kamal E, Lubis AS, Mayzuri Z, Hertati R. 2025. Biodiversity of the ichthyofauna in the estuary area of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2621-2630. Estuaries are transitional ecosystems between marine and terrestrial environments, characterized by high biodiversity and a crucial role in maintaining aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to identify the diversity, distribution patterns, and environmental influences on ichthyofauna in the estuaries of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Fish sampling was conducted in five estuarine sites from July to December 2024 using habitat-specific fishing gear, while water quality parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, were measured in situ. Data analysis included species identification, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Evenness Index, Simpson Dominance Index, and correlation and regression tests to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and ichthyofauna biodiversity. Results indicate varying fish distribution across sites, with Teluk Buo exhibiting the highest diversity (H': 3.27), while the Batang Arau River Estuary showed species dominance and low diversity. The highest Evenness Index was recorded in the Batang Arau and Anai River Estuaries, where the highest Simpson Dominance Index was found in the Anai River and Batang Arau estuaries, primarily dominated by Rasbora sp. (28 individuals) and Ambassis tetra (21 individuals). Fish distribution was influenced by environmental factors such as food availability, habitat complexity, water quality, and interspecies interactions. More structurally complex habitats supported higher biodiversity, while disturbances like pollution, overfishing, and habitat degradation led to species dominance and reduced biodiversity.
Comparison of carbon storage and oxygen release in various land uses in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia DICKY DICKY; SAMUEL A. PAEMBONAN; MUKRIMIN MUKRIMIN; SYAMSUDDIN MILLANG; WITNO WITNO; AHMAD RIFQI MAKKASAU; BUDI ARTY; WISNU RAMADHAN; AMAL RASYID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260620

Abstract

Abstract. Dicky D, Paembonan SA, Mukrimin M, Millang S, Witno W, Makkasau AR, Arty B, Ramadhan W, Rasyid A. 2025. Comparison of carbon storage and oxygen release in various land uses in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2754-2761. The ability of plants to absorb CO? from the atmosphere and store carbon in their biomass determines the success of climate change mitigation programs. This study compared the carbon storage capacity, CO? absorption, and oxygen release in three types of land use in North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, namely secondary natural forest, cocoa agroforestry, and oil palm plantation. The study was conducted in two stages: field activities to collect vegetation data and laboratory analysis conducted at the Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin, South Sulawesi. Tree biomass was estimated using allometric equations based on tree diameter and height, while understory and litter biomass were calculated using the dry weight and carbon content methods. The results show significant differences in carbon storage capacity among land uses. Secondary natural forest has the highest carbon storage capacity (264.45 tC ha-1), which contributes to the absorption of 969.65 tCO2 ha-1 and the release of 705.2 tO2 ha-1. High biodiversity and complex vegetation structures allow natural secondary forests to absorb more carbon through photosynthesis. Cocoa agroforestry has a carbon storage capacity of 182.43 tC ha-1, absorption of 668.90 tCO2 ha-1, and release of 486.48 tO2 ha-1. This difference is due to the simpler vegetation structure of cocoa agroforestry compared to natural secondary forest. Meanwhile, oil palm plantation has the lowest carbon storage capacity (123.92 tC ha-1), absorption of 454.38 tCO2 ha-1, and release of 330.46 tO2 ha-1. Our findings suggest that cocoa agroforestry is still superior to oil palm plantation because the presence of shade trees and cultivated plants, and monoculture system is less effective in mitigating climate change.
Key variables for sustainable mangrove ecosystem management based on Scylla spp. in Banten Bay, Indonesia ADITYA RAHMAN KINTU NIHAN; CECEP KUSMANA; MAJARIANA KRISANTI; TATANG TIRYANA; YAYA IHYA ULUMUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260543

Abstract

Abstract. Nihan ARK, Kusmana C, Krisanti M, Tiryana T, Ulumuddin YI. 2025. Key variables for sustainable mangrove ecosystem management based on Scylla spp. in Banten Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2467-2484. Mangrove forests are crucial ecosystems that significantly contribute to achieving several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). These ecosystems provide vital services, including carbon sequestration and coastal protection, and are home to species such as Scylla spp., critical for fisheries and local biodiversity. Mangroves contribute significantly to climate change mitigation by sequestering carbon at rates that exceed those of some terrestrial forests while also protecting coastal areas from erosion and severe weather phenomena. Mangrove habitats also support local economies through fisheries, wood products, and ecotourism, which align with SDGs 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). However, concerns such as overexploitation and progressive habitat destruction endanger these ecosystems. This study examines the key variables that influence the sustainable management of Scylla spp. populations in a mangrove ecosystem in Banten Bay, Indonesia. This study employed the Matrix of Crossed Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) technique to analyze the ecological, economic, social, and institutional factors influencing the management of mangrove ecosystems. The results underscore the importance of collaboration, education, community engagement, and a strong regulatory framework in securing the long-term viability of mangrove ecosystems. The study highlights that Scylla spp. has both ecological and economic significance, and sustainable management of this species can incentivize local people to participate in conservation initiatives. Linking conservation efforts to the economic benefits of Scylla spp. allows for the reconciliation of ecological integrity with community well-being. The study highlights critical areas of intervention that can be addressed to enhance coastal communities' environmental sustainability and socio-economic well-being. The study provides practical recommendations for policymakers and environmentalists to manage mangrove ecosystems sustainably.
Squalene-producing thraustochytrids isolated from mangrove habitats in the Sidoarjo District, Indonesia, and the antioxidant activity of the isolated strain NASRULLAH BAI ARIFIN; MUHAMMAD FAKHRI; ATING YUNIARTI; MUHAMMAD MUSA; ANIK MARTINAH HARIATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260446

Abstract

Abstract. Arifin NB, Fakhri M, Yuniarti A, Musa M, Hariati AM. 2025. Squalene-producing thraustochytrids isolated from mangrove habitats in the Sidoarjo District, Indonesia, and the antioxidant activity of the isolated strain. Biodiversitas 26: 1975-1982. Squalene, a polyunsaturated triterpenic hydrocarbon, is commonly used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, traditional sources such as deep-sea shark liver oil and plant-based alternatives such as the olive Olea europaea present sustainability challenges. This study aimed to isolate and characterize squalene-producing thraustochytrids from mangrove habitats in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, and evaluate their potential antioxidant activity. Isolation was performed from fallen mangrove leaves and was identified based on morphological and molecular analysis using 18S rRNA sequencing. The lipid and squalene contents were quantified through solvent extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas the antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. A total of 14 strains were successfully isolated, which showed cell morphologies including circular and/or ameboid-like shapes and the presence of tetrad cell division. Molecular analysis showed that all isolates were close to the genus Aurantiochytrium. Seven of the isolated strains exhibited high lipid contents (>35% of dry cell weight). Among these strains, AB12 produced the highest lipid content (54.77%), whereas AB14 exhibited the highest squalene yield (2.18 mg g?1 dry cell weight). Antioxidant analysis revealed that lipid extracts from AB12 displayed significant radical scavenging activity, outperforming pure squalene, thereby indicating potential synergistic effects with other bioactive compounds. These Indonesian mangrove-derived isolates represent a promising alternative for sustainable squalene production, addressing the limitations of conventional sources. This study provides novel insights into squalene-producing Aurantiochytrium strains from Indonesian mangrove forests.
Detection of antimicrobial compounds from Parmotrema tinctorum lichen from lead contaminated locations WAHYU AJI MAHARDHIKA; LISDAR IDWAN SUDIRMAN; SETYANTO TRI WAHYUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260650

Abstract

Abstract. Mahardhika WA, Sudirman LI, Wahyudi ST. 2025. Detection of antimicrobial compounds from Parmotrema tinctorum lichen from lead contaminated locations. Biodiversitas 26: 3071-3079. Parmotrema tinctorum lichen is found in various locations and can be used as a tolerant bioindicator. Based on previous research, it is known that there is a high content of lead (Pb) in the thallus of P. tinctorum found in the Mekarsari Fruit Garden. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between lead concentration and the activity of antimicrobial compounds from thallus P. tinctorum. Thallus samples were collected from a Pb-contaminated sites, followed by analysis of Pb content. The thalli were then extracted and tested for antimicrobial activity, followed by partial purification and characterization of the antimicrobial compounds. The highest Pb content was found in zone 3 in Mekarsari (MZ3), amounting to 15.64 ppm, followed by zone 2 (MZ2) with 14.72 ppm, zone 1 (MZ1) with 12.86 ppm, and at Mangrove Batu Bedhil (MBB) as a control with 3.42 ppm. The crude extract was able to inhibit all test microbes, and its activity against Propionibacterium acnes showed a significantly different result compared to its activity against the other microbes. In the dilution test of the extract up to 10? against P. acnes, the MZ3 extract still produced a clear zone, whereas the other extracts showed no activity. The results of TLC-bioautography showed that the MZ3 crude extract had an Rf value of 0.52-0.81, and MBB had an Rf value of 0.68-0.91. The antibacterial test of crude extract and preparative fractions of MZ3 and MBB was able to inhibit Bacillus subtilis G and P. acnes, however, there was a decrease in antimicrobial activity, presumably due to Pb being adsorbed onto the adsorbent during preparative TLC. Further research is needed to re-evaluate the appropriate adsorbent for purification of active compound containing lead.
First record on the freshwater shrimp and its ecology in Weh Island, Indonesia DEDI FAZRIANSYAH PUTRA; MUHAMMADAR ABDULLAH ABBAS; TONGKU NIZWAN SIREGAR; DAISY WOWOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260448

Abstract

Abstract. Putra DF, Abbas MA, Siregar TN, Wowor D. 2025. First record on the freshwater shrimp and its ecology in Weh Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1991-2001. Freshwater ecosystems are important in term of biodiversity and the balance of life cycle in tropical regions. Freshwater shrimp is an important organism in its habitat, which play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and sustaining food chains. Weh Island, located at the tip of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, is very popular for its rich marine biodiversity, but unfortunately, studies on the ecology and the diversity of freshwater fauna in this island are very limited. Therefore, this is the first comprehensive study to report the identity, morphology, diversity, and ecological aspects of the freshwater shrimp. A total of 395 individuals of freshwater shrimp were collected from five sites of three different sampling localities namely Pria Laot Stream (lotic), Aneuk Laot Lake, and Paya Seunara Lake (lentic). Three species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Macrobrachium and one species of the genus Caridina were first reported from this island, i.e., Macrobrachium lar (TL: 2.9-9.6 cm; BW: from 0.21-15.67 g), M. lanatum (TL: 3.0-4.5 cm; BW: 0.29-1.71 g), M. lanchesteri (TL: 5.0-10 cm; BW: 0.1-1.1 cm), and Caridina serratirostris (TL: 1.6-2.8 cm; BW: 0.03-0.28 g). Pria Laot River showed low levels of shrimp diversity, moderate Dominance Index, and fairly high species evenness, while Aneuk Laot and Paya Seunara Lake indicated low levels of shrimp diversity and evenness but high Dominance Index by M. lanchesteri. Although Weh Island offers a unique ecological niche for freshwater shrimp, the increasing threats from human activities, deforestation, and climate change are very real. There is a need for effective actions and prevention, which are essential for the protection of not only shrimp population but also the integrity of the entire terrestrial ecosystem. Collaborative efforts and synergy between local communities, government, and tourists are essential to implement sustainable strategies as a priceless legacy for future generations.
Regeneration status and floristic composition at pioneer stands on reclaimed ex-coal mine sites in South Sumatra, Indonesia ARIEF JUNIARTO; SURYO HARDIWINOTO; ENY FARIDAH; IRDIKA MANSUR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260735

Abstract

Abstract. Juniarto A, Hardiwinoto S, Faridah E, Mansur I. 2025. Regeneration status and floristic composition at pioneer stands on reclaimed ex-coal mine sites in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3446-3459. Understanding the role of pioneer species is crucial for optimizing post-mining reclamation and supporting biodiversity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the regeneration status and floristic composition of pioneer stands at different ages within a reclaimed coal mine site in Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. By using nested plot sampling, diversity was assessed through Important Value Index (IVI), species richness, Shannon-Wiener Index (H'), and Pielou Evenness Index (J'). The results showed regeneration patterns: Melaleuca cajuputi dominated seedling (IVI: 93.3-200.0%) and sapling stages (IVI: 141.3-200.0%) in all stands, while E. cyclocarpum dominated pole (IVI: 70.4-273.5%) and tree stages (IVI: 229.7-252.5%) in older stands. M. cajuputi supported 10 naturally regenerating species, slightly more than the 9 found in E. cyclocarpum stands. Across both stands, Acacia mangium and Pterospermum javanicum dominated sapling, pole, and tree stages, whereas Commersonia bartramia dominated exclusively in M. cajuputi stands. The community exhibits low to moderate diversity and moderate uniformity (H’: 0.57-1.34; J’: 0.46-0.69). The complementary roles of M. cajuputi in early recruitment and E. cyclocarpum in structural growth promoted ecosystem recovery. Regeneration is successful, but ecological recovery is limited by low diversity and dominance of a few species.
Isolation, identification, and enzyme optimization of proteolytic lactic acid bacteria from tuna viscera by-products YOGA DWI JATMIKO; ARLISA M. R. MUARIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260621

Abstract

Abstract. Jatmiko YD, Muarif AMR. 2025. Isolation, identification, and enzyme optimization of proteolytic lactic acid bacteria from tuna viscera by-products. Biodiversitas 26: 2762-2772. Fish processing by-products, particularly protein-rich viscera, are underutilized despite their potential to be converted into bioactive peptides using protease enzymes produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). This study aimed to isolate proteolytic LAB from tuna viscera, identify the strain with the highest proteolytic activity, and optimize the growth conditions for enhanced protease enzyme production. Proteolytic LAB were isolated from tuna viscera and screened for enzyme activity using skim milk agar and tyrosine-based assays. The isolate with the highest proteolytic activity was identified through 16S rDNA sequencing. Protease production was then optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Central Composite Design (CCD) with Design-Expert software, evaluating the effects of pH, tuna viscera concentration, and incubation time. The proteolytic potential of 12 LAB isolates from tuna viscera was obtained. The isolate of VT11 showed the highest enzyme activity of 0.55 U mL-1 among the proteolytic LAB strains. After conducting 16S rDNA sequencing, VT11 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, exhibiting 99.72% similarity. Furthermore, RSM analysis identified 24 hours of incubation at pH 5 with 15% tuna viscera as the optimal conditions for protease production by P. pentosaceus VT11.

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