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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Seasonal influence on wing phenotypic plasticity in Mansonia indiana (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Thailand-Myanmar border TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA; SUCHADA SUMRUAYPHOL; SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260522

Abstract

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T, Sumruayphol S, Laojun S. 2025. Seasonal influence on wing phenotypic plasticity in Mansonia indiana (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Biodiversitas 26: 2253-2260. Mansonia indiana (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of the nematode Brugia malayi that causes lymphatic filariasis in Southeast Asia. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the seasonal wing phenotypic plasticity of M. indiana collected along the Thailand-Myanmar border, employing landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Sampling was conducted from September 2021 to August 2022, encompassing three distinct seasons: the cool season (November-February), the hot season (March-May), and the rainy season (June-October). The Centroid Size (CS) ranged from 2.89 to 4.14 mm, with the cool season population recording the highest average CS at 3.68 mm and the rainy season population the lowest at 3.44 mm. Significant differences (p<0.05) in CS were observed between the cool and rainy season populations, as well as between the cool and hot season populations. Shape analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) across population pairs, underscoring the pronounced impact of seasonal influences on wing shape. Wireframe graphs indicated that landmarks 1, 12, and 18 exhibited high variation, suggesting a seasonal influence on wing structures. The unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean tree analysis, based on Mahalanobis distances, indicated that the cool-season population exhibited the most distinct shape. These findings indicate that variations in wing morphology may represent adaptive responses by mosquitoes to the varied environmental pressures of each season. Additionally, wing morphology influences flight efficiency, which is essential for effective host attacks and plays a crucial role in the transmission of filariasis to humans.
Screening and identification of lipolytic potential of Actinobacteria from cemetery in Bonoloyo, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia ALDEN GANENDRA MADHAVA PRIYA HARDIANTO; TRIASTUTI RAHAYU; ERMA MUSBITA TYASTUTI; LINA AGUSTINA; NOOR ALIS SETIYADI; YASIR SIDIQ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260623

Abstract

Abstract. Hardianto AGMP, Rahayu T, Tyastuti EM, Agustina L, Setiyadi NA, Sidiq Y. 2025. Screening and identification of lipolytic potential of Actinobacteria from cemetery in Bonoloyo, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2786-2793. Cemetery soil is a unique reservoir of Actinobacteria with a significant lipolytic potential, in which lipids are 12.51-23.60% of the human body, a fact that has been largely overlooked in previous studies. However, studies on this subject are limited. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the lipolytic potential of 29 isolates from the Actinobacteria collection and to characterize the selected isolates further. Lipolytic screening was conducted on Tributyrin Agar (TBA) media for 72 hours, and the potential was determined by Lipolytic Index (LI). Subsequently, the colony morphology and spore type of the selected isolates were characterized through binocular microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Identification was further conducted based on the 16S rRNA gene. These results showed that almost all tested isolates possess lipolytic ability, with the highest LI of 3.18 (T22). In general, the lipolytic potential of Actinobacteria was found to increase gradually after up to 72 hours of incubation. The aerial and vegetative mycelia were T5 for white and T22 for yellow, respectively, with closed spiral spores. Molecular identification showed that the T22 isolate is closely related to the Streptomyces sp. strain GSENDO-0580, with 99.93% similarity. In conclusion, this research underscores the urgent need for an in-depth study of Streptomyces sp. strain GSENDO-0580 is urgently needed, considering the extensive application of lipase enzymes in various fields.
Soil microbial communities and soil quality drive Arabica coffee yield in pine-coffee agroforestry under varying management intensities KARUNIAWAN PUJI WICAKSONO; PARAMYTA NILA PERMANASARI; AKBAR SAITAMA; EKO WIDARYANTO; CAHYO PRAYOGO; OKTAVIA RAHAYU ADIANINGSIH; ERNI SOFIA MURTINI; HAGUS TARNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270440

Abstract

Abstract. Wicaksono KP, Permanasari PN, Saitama A, Widaryanto E, Prayogo C, Adianingsih OR, Murtini ES, Tarno H. 2026. Soil microbial communities and soil quality drive Arabica coffee yield in pine-coffee agroforestry under varying management intensities. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270240. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270240. Pine-coffee agroforestry systems provide important ecological and economic benefits; however, the effects of management intensity on soil quality, microbial communities, and coffee productivity remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of varying management intensities in a pine-coffee agroforestry system, focusing on soil quality, microbial populations, and coffee productivity and quality. Field observations and laboratory analyses were conducted to assess canopy cover, light intensity, litter accumulation, soil bulk density, particle density, porosity, infiltration rate, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and populations of cellulolytic bacteria, fungi, Nitrobacter, and Nitrosomonas. Coffee productivity and fruit quality attributes were also evaluated. The results showed that higher management intensities, specifically best management practices (BMP), positively enhanced soil physical and chemical properties, thereby directly improving coffee yield and quality. The result revealed that BMP management effectively reduced soil bulk density and increased porosity and infiltration rates, creating an optimal environment for coffee plant growth. BMP can offer soil media with good physical characteristics and high nutrient content. However, MC management can provide a more favorable ecosystem for the growth of soil microbial populations. The more stable abiotic factors of the ecosystem under non-intensive management can support the development of microorganisms through succession. It was also observed that BMP practices led to larger berry sizes, heavier bean weights, and higher sugar content in coffee beans, which are critical quality indicators. The study demonstrates that management intensity strongly influences the interactions among soil quality, microbial communities, and coffee performance in pine-coffee agroforestry systems. Moderate to intensive management can improve productivity, but balanced practices are required to maintain soil microbial diversity and long-term ecosystem sustainability.
Comparative wood anatomy of Rubroshorea leprosula across multiple populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia AINUN FADILAH; FIFI GUS DWIYANTI; TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; AGUS HIKMAT; LINA KARLINASARI; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270204

Abstract

Abstract. Fadilah A, Dwiyanti FG, Triadiati, Hikmat A, Karlinasari L, Siregar IZ. 2026. Comparative wood anatomy of Rubroshorea leprosula across multiple populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270204. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270204. Red meranti wood (Rubroshorea leprosula) is classified in strength classes II-IV and durability classes III-IV, making it suitable for light and heavy construction due to its high wood quality. This has led to widespread exploitation, illegal logging, and illicit trade, particularly from natural forests. Current conservation strategies lack adequate scientific support, particularly in species and origin identification, which are crucial for wood tracking. Wood anatomy is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for identifying wood species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the wood anatomy of R. leprosula by examining visual, macroscopic, and microscopic structures to identify key characteristics that differentiate between populations. Visual characteristics were assessed based on wood color, pattern, texture, gloss, and grain orientation. Macroscopic observations were made of growth rings, vessels, intercellular canals, axial parenchyma, and ray parenchyma. Microscopic analysis was performed using a light microscope to observe cellular structures qualitatively and quantitatively. Samples were collected from five populations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Fifty wood samples (ten per population) were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to identify significant differences between populations. The results showed that evaluation of the microscopic structure successfully identified key characteristics, particularly variations in vessel diameter, that consistently differentiated among populations, with significant differences (p-value = 0.00000545) ranging from 105.2-158.7µm, most notably between samples from Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and Harapan Rainforest (p-value<0.025). This anatomical variation, potentially related to hydraulic conductivity and ecological adaptation, indicates population differentiation. This study contributes to forest biology by linking anatomical traits to adaptive functions and traceability, which are essential for the sustainable management of tropical timber resources.
Ethnobotany of Piperaceae in Nakhon Nayok Province, Central Thailand PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; THAWATPHONG BOONMA; TAMMANOON JITPROMMA; TRAN VAN CHEN; SURAPON SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260539

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Boonma T, Jitpromma T, Chen TV, Saensouk S. 2025. Ethnobotany of Piperaceae in Nakhon Nayok Province, Central Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 2416-2428. This study investigates the ethnobotanical significance of Piperaceae in Nakhon Nayok Province, Central Thailand, documenting the species diversity, traditional uses, and cultural importance of this plant family. A total of 31 Piperaceae taxa were recorded, comprising two genera: Peperomia (22 taxa) and Piper (nine species). Among these, only eight species are native, while 23 taxa are introduced, highlighting the predominance of non-native species in the area. Piper nigrum exhibited the highest Cultural Index (1.11), followed by Piper sarmentosum (0.84), Piper betle (0.66), Peperomia pellucida (0.59), and Piper retrofractum (0.5), with other taxa scoring below 0.5. The most common use category was ornamental plants (Cultural Index: 9.49), followed by vegetables and spices (1.89), herbal medicine (0.94), and cultural practices and rituals (0.51). The whole plant was the most frequently used part, especially for ornamental purposes, while the leaves were the most frequently used for therapeutic purposes. In therapeutic applications, Piperaceae plants are primarily used to treat gastrointestinal issues, followed by respiratory ailments, cutaneous conditions, and musculoskeletal and joint diseases. They also address disorders related to nutrition, blood, the cardiovascular system, and conditions affecting the ear, nose, oropharynx, oral cavity, and the endocrine system, respectively. These findings emphasize the diverse applications of Piperaceae species in local traditions, particularly their ornamental, culinary, and medicinal uses. The study provides valuable insights into the ethnobotanical knowledge of this plant family, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts in preserving both native species and traditional botanical knowledge amid changing environmental and socio-economic conditions.
Population and habitat analysis of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in fragmented forests of West Java, Indonesia ZAMZAM I’LANUL ANWAR ATSAURY; TEGUH HUSODO; ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA; TIEN LASTINI; ENDANG HERNAWAN; INDRI WULANDARI; SYA SYA SHANIDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260629

Abstract

Abstract. Atsaury ZIA, Husodo T, Megantara EN, Lastini T, Hernawan E, Wulandari I, Shanida SS. 2025. Population and habitat analysis of Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in fragmented forests of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2857-2872. Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch) face various anthropogenic disturbances that are intensive enough to damage and even eliminate their habitat. Additionally, previous studies have primarily focused on protected areas. However, there is limited information on the Javan gibbon in non-conserved areas, such as Ciletuh Geopark, Cisokan, Cijedil, and Kanaan, West Java, Indonesia. The study objective was to determine the distribution and habitat of Javan gibbon in non-conservation areas in West Java. Line transect distance sampling and quarter methods were used in this study. Despite the high level of anthropogenic disturbance, Cisokan exhibited the highest density of Javan gibbon individuals and groups, with 19.48 individuals per square kilometer and 7.79 groups per square kilometer. Generally, the habitat of Javan gibbons is dominated by food plants, such as kondang (Ficus variegata), puspa (Schima wallichii), and beunying (Ficus fistulosa). Hence, 97 plant species were identified as food plants of Javan gibbons, while 84 were eaten by their fruits, 25 by their leaves, and 12 by both. Javan gibbons tend to live in forests with closed and interconnected canopies, as well as on slopes and hilltops with a slope greater than 40% at altitudes ranging from 115 to 1,564 meters above sea level (m asl). Establishing ecological corridors to enhance habitat connectivity in degraded vegetation is crucial for conserving Javan gibbon populations.
Fungal diversity associated with anthracnose in chili peppers of West Sumatra, Indonesia, using conventional and NGS approaches RIKI WARMAN; HALIATUR RAHMA; DARNETTY DARNETTY; RITA NOVERIZA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260901

Abstract

Abstract. Warman R, Rahma H, Darnetty, Noveriza R. 2025. Fungal diversity associated with anthracnose in chili peppers of West Sumatra, Indonesia, using conventional and NGS approaches. Biodiversitas 26: 4257-4266. Curly red chili plants are one of the leading horticultural commodities in West Sumatra, Indonesia. However, there has been a 90% decline in yield due to anthracnose disease. Anthracnose is caused by various fungi from the Colletotrichum genus and other fungi that interact within it. The objective of this study is to compare the diversity of fungi associated with anthracnose disease symptoms in West Sumatra using NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing) and conventional identification techniques. This study used a field survey method involving the collection of chili fruit samples with anthracnose symptoms and the isolation of associated fungi. The survey was conducted at various chili farming locations in South Pesisir District, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to obtain representative samples. Fungal identification was performed using conventional NGS methods. The results of identification using conventional techniques yielded 298 fungal isolates, which were divided into 8 groups based on macroscopic characteristics and 3 genera based on microscopic characteristics, namely Colletotrichum 78.18%, Fusarium 16.11%, and Curvularia 5.7% Meanwhile, the fungi obtained using NGS techniques comprised 10 genera: Colletotrichum 26.36%, Peltula 22.34%, Moniliella 18.73%, Russula 15.2%, Linderina 12.13%, Fusarium 1.13%, Hydnum 0.98%, Rhexocercosporidium 0.44%, Crocinoboletus 0.33%, and Gymnopilus 0.36%, with 198 species. The results of this study indicate that fungal diversity associated with anthracnose symptoms using NGS technology is higher than that identified using conventional methods. These findings regarding dominant pathogenic fungi and their high variability provide important guidance for designing appropriate control measures and optimizing fungicide application.
Environmental drivers of ranging behavior in the Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) ALINA SIMOKAR; ELHAM SUMARGA; RAHAYU OKTAVIANI; YOGI PRASETIO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260821

Abstract

Abstract. Simokar A, Sumarga E, Oktaviani R, Prasetio Y. 2025. Environmental drivers of ranging behavior in the Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch). Biodiversitas 26: 3903-3915. Environmental factors and food availability shape the foraging strategies and ranging behavior of primates. The Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch), endemic to Java Island, Indonesia, inhabits the remaining forest patches such as Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). This study investigated the effects of environmental variables and food availability on Javan gibbon ranging in GHSNP, using behavioral and ecological data collected from January to December 2022. We observed three habituated gibbon groups through scan sampling and collected monthly plant phenology and daily temperature and rainfall data. The data were analyzed to: (i) calculate the activity budget; (ii) map and quantify ranging patterns, using QGIS; (iii) determine the Food Abundance Index (FAI); (vi) calculate mean monthly temperature and rainfall; (v) analyze the effects of environmental conditions and food availability on ranging behaviour/pattern using linear mixed models in RStudio. Results showed that Javan gibbon activities were dominated by resting, followed by feeding, locomotion, and social interaction. The mean home range size and daily path length were 38.68±7.17 ha and 3.25±0.30 km, respectively. Important food sources included Ficus spp., Cordia bantamensis, Sandoricum koetjape, and Knema cinerea with the highest FAI values for fruits, young leaves, and flowers occurred in September, July, and March, respectively. The average minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and monthly rainfall were 17.77±0.34?, 26.59±0.76?, and 418.23±179.68 mm, respectively. Ranging patterns were significantly affected by rainfall, temperature, and food availability (p-value<0.05), with observed differences among groups due to food resources distribution, foraging strategies, and environmental responses.
Microplastic pollution in the Belawan Estuary, Indonesia: Evidence from aquatic biota and polymer characterization AHMAD MUHTADI; RUSDI LEIDONALD; NUR MAIYAH; MOHD YUSOFF ISHAK; RIZAL MUKRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260449

Abstract

Abstract. Rangkuiti AM, Leidonald R, Maiyah N, Ishak MY. 2025. Microplastic pollution in the Belawan Estuary, Indonesia: Evidence from aquatic biota and polymer characterization. Biodiversitas 26: 2002-2010. Microplastic pollution causes widespread contamination of coastal and marine environments. Although microplastic pollution has been studied in marine and estuarine environments across Indonesia, studies in North Sumatra are lacking. This study assessed microplastics (Mps) contamination of aquatic organisms in the Belawan Estuary. Aquatic biota was captured using ambai fishing gear, and the intestines were dissected for analysis. After degrading the organic material using an alkaline digestion method, microplastic particles were identified based on their shape, size, and quantity. Four types were identified: fibers, films, fragments, and pellets. Pellet microplastics were the most abundant, with an average of 24.21 particles per gram in fish and an average of 13.62 particles per gram in crustaceans, followed by fibers, fragments, and films. The size of the microplastic particles ranged from 27 to 1940 ?m. The abundance of MPs was higher in fish (average: 63.899 particles per g) than in crustaceans (average: 30.97 particles per gram). Carnivorous fish species were most contaminated with microplastics, including Epinephelus areolatus, Plotosus lineatus, and Neotrygon kuhlii, all of which are demersal. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified six polymers: polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamide. This study highlights severe microplastic contamination in the Belawan Estuary and underscores the need for urgent action to address this environmental threat.
Genetic variability analysis of indigenous Indonesian chickens and Hy-Line Brown using mitochondrial DNA D-Loop HV1 region ORIZA PRABA ALBANI; ISMOYOWATI ISMOYOWATI; HERMAWAN SETYO WIDODO; SRI RAHAYU; DATTA DEWI PURWANTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260549

Abstract

Abstract. Albani OP, Ismoyowati, Widodo HS, Rahayu S, Purwantini DD. 2025. Genetic variability analysis of indigenous Indonesian chickens and Hy-Line Brown using mitochondrial DNA D-Loop HV1 region. Biodiversitas 26: 2540-2547. Genetic diversity plays a very significant role in the context of sustainable farming and food security. Indonesia is known for its diverse local chicken populations, whose genetic profile reflects their adaptation to the environments in which they live, as well as the various natural selection and breeding factors that differ from one region to another. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of knowing the genetic diversity and evolutionary origin of three Indonesian native chickens, namely Kedu Merah, Kampung, and Sentul chicken, based on mtDNA D-Loop sequences and compared it with a commercial stock of Hy-Line Brown laying hens. A total of 160 chickens, consisting of 40 chickens from each population, are analyzed using the PCR-SSCP technique, with the polymorphic results further sequenced. The result showed there are 9 haplotypes distributed across populations, with the Kedu Merah being the most diverse population (He = 0.624) and Hy-Line Brown being the least diverse (He = 0.219). Sequencing revealed that there are at least 19 polymorphic sites distributed along 167 bp of the HV1 region of the D-loop mtDNA sequence. Evolutionary analysis was performed by comparing the sequenced DNA with references from each chicken clade, and the result showed that Kedu Merah, Kampung, and Sentul chicken has a single maternal origin and belong to clade E, which can be traced back to the Indian subcontinent.

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