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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Implications of biodiesel production for enhancing thermostable T1.2RQ lipase secretion in Pichia pastoris via chaperone co-expression ESTI PUSPITASARI; YEPY HARDI RUSTAM; ANDREAS ADHI SATYA; ANTONIUS SUWANTO; ARIS TRI WAHYUDI; RIKA INDRI ASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260927

Abstract

Abstract. Puspitasari E, Rustam YH, Satya AA, Suwanto A, Wahyudi AT, Astuti RI. 2025. Implications of biodiesel production for enhancing thermostable T1.2RQ lipase secretion in Pichia pastoris via chaperone co-expression. Biodiversitas 26: 4557-4566. The thermostable T1.2RQ lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (isolated from Indonesian hot springs) was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 via multicopy integration (6X). Co-expression of chaperones bmh2 (797 bp) and sso2 (875 bp) was achieved using Gibson Assembly and pPICZAwbe. Transformants GS115/T1.2RQ(6X)_bmh2#3 showed 71% higher activity (p = 0.017) versus controls, while sso2 reduced activity by 23% (p = 0.028). SDS-PAGE confirmed a 43 kDa band, and tributyrin assays verified extracellular secretion. In biodiesel trials, the lipase reduced Palm Fatty Acid Distillated Free Fatty Acid (PFAD FFA) to 4.9%, meeting SNI 7182:2015 standards. This study demonstrates bmh2’s role in alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and advancing bacterial lipase production in yeast, with applications in sustainable biodiesel.C) analysis showed methyl palmitate (C16:0) and methyl stearate (C18:0) as the dominant Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) species. This research demonstrates that bmh2 is the most effective chaperone for co-expression with a six-copy lipase, increasing extracellular activity. The enzyme produced by heterologous expression in Pichia can be used for lab-scale biodiesel production, comparable to that expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first report of G. stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase, and these findings advance bacterial lipase gene expression research in the P. pastoris expression system. Future work should optimize tandem chaperone systems (bmh2 + PDI) and pilot-scale fermentation. This study underscores Indonesia’s microbial biodiversity as a resource for novel biocatalysts, aligning with Biodiversitas’s mission to bridge ecology and biotechnology.
Sustainability analysis of fisheries and marine resource development in Indonesia’s blue economy framework MUHAMMAD YUSUF; ANDI DYNA RIANA; RUSNENI RUSNENI; WIWIN ANGGRIANI SALAWALI; EDDIWAN EDDIWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260749

Abstract

Abstract. Yusuf M, Riana AD, Rusneni, Salawali WA, Eddiwan. 2025. Sustainability analysis of fisheries and marine resource development in Indonesia’s blue economy framework. Biodiversitas 26: 3634-3646. Indonesia possesses vast and rich marine and fisheries resources. These resources play a critical role in ensuring national food security, driving economic growth, generating employment, and improving the welfare of coastal communities. However, the intensive utilization of marine resources must be accompanied by cautious and measurable management. Hence, evaluating the level of sustainability in fisheries and marine development is a vital and urgent necessity that cannot be overlooked. This study aims to analyze the level of sustainability in fisheries and marine development, as well as the factors that influence its sustainability. The research was conducted from August to November 2024. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey research design. The data consisted of both primary and secondary sources, collected through survey questionnaires and desktop studies. The data analysis was carried out using the Multi-Dimensional Scaling – Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (MDS RAPFISH) method. The research findings indicate that the sustainability index for the ecological dimension is 44.32 (unsustainable), the economic dimension is 37.75 (unsustainable), and the social dimension is 39.78 (unsustainable). Thus, the overall level of sustainability in fisheries and marine development in Indonesia is categorized as unsustainable, with an average index score of 40.62. The study also identified three key attributes that significantly influence the sustainability of fisheries and marine development in Indonesia: (i) the presence of key species (coral reefs, sea turtles, whales, tuna, sharks, and mangroves) with an Root Means Square (RMS) value of 4.88; (ii) investment in Indonesia’s maritime sector with an RMS value of 3.56; and (iii) the level of participation in decision-making processes with an RMS value of 3.91.
Phage diversity from shrimp ponds underpinning multi-host lytic activity in Vibrio pathogens ANANDA SEKAR KINANTI; ASEP AWALUDIN PRIHANTO; YOGA DWI JATMIKO; FARHID HEMMATZADEH; RAHMI NURDIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260918

Abstract

Abstract. Kinanthi AS, Prihanto AA, Jatmiko YD, Hemmatzadeh F, Nurdiani R. 2025. Phage diversity from shrimp ponds underpinning multi-host lytic activity in Vibrio pathogens. Biodiversitas 26: 4457-4464. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of seafood-related foodborne illness that has developed significant antibiotic resistance, creating an urgent need for effective and safer control management.  This study aims to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophages capable of inhibiting a broad spectrum of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Bacteriophages were isolated from shrimp shell and pond wastewater samples, following a methodical approach that included bacteriophage isolation, density testing, confirmation, and host range testing. The results indicate that V. parahaemolyticus was successfully isolated from dead shrimp. The lytic bacteriophages, designated ?ALT (from pond wastewater) and ?KU (from shrimp shells), were lysed their bacterial hosts, with activity detectable up to a dilution of 10??. This suggests that even at low concentrations, the phages could effectively lyse their bacterial targets. Both bacteriophages were found to exhibit a multi-host range, effectively lysing several pathogenic species such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio harveyi, and Aeromonas hydrophila, while not affecting Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Acinetobacter baumannii. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that ?ALT has a hexagonal shape, while ?KU has an icosahedral shape. These findings highlight the potential of these bacteriophages as effective biocontrol agents in managing foodborne pathogens, offering a safer and more targeted alternative to antibiotics. Future molecular characterization is required to further understand these bacteriophages mechanism of action and improve their application in food safety.
Diversity and cellulolytic potential of gut bacteria isolated from Blaberus and Panesthia cockroaches in Aceh, Indonesia SABARIAH SABARIAH; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; ALIA RIZKI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261029

Abstract

Abstract. Sabariah S, Suhartono S, Rizki A. 2025. Diversity and cellulolytic potential of gut bacteria isolated from Blaberus and Panesthia cockroaches in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5145-5155. Forest-dwelling cockroaches harbor diverse gut microbiota capable of degrading complex organic compounds, particularly cellulose. This study investigated the diversity and cellulolytic potential of gut bacteria isolated from two cockroach genera, namely Blaberus and Panesthia, collected from the Soraya Research Station, Aceh, Indonesia. Ten individuals of each species were collected between January and March 2025 using standardized pitfall traps and hand collection methods. Through systematic isolation and characterization, a total of 19 bacterial isolates were isolated comprising 10 from Blaberus and 9 from Panesthia. Morphological and biochemical analysis revealed diverse bacterial genera, with Blaberus harboring Klebsiella, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus, while Panesthia contained predominantly Bacillus (55.5%) along with Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus. Three isolates from Blaberus demonstrated cellulose-degrading capabilities, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas with cellulolytic indices of 0.08, 2.45, and 3.08, respectively. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed high concentrations of linoleic acid in these cellulolytic isolates. These findings are the first study of cellulolytic bacteria from forest cockroaches in Indonesia's unique Aceh ecosystem, enhancing understanding of tropical forest nutrient cycling and demonstrating significant potential for sustainable biotechnological applications in enzyme production and bioconversion processes.
Application of the QBRs Index for riparian habitat quality assessment along Sugut River, Sabah, Malaysia NICHOLAS FONG VUI CHIK; ELIA GODOONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260841

Abstract

Abstract. Chik NFV, Godoong E. 2025. Application of the QBRs index for riparian habitat quality assessment along Sugut River, Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 26: 4137-4145. Riparian zones, which are crucial for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are increasingly threatened by land use changes, encroachment, and erosion. This study applied the QBRs (Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera-Sabah adaptation) Index to assess the ecological condition of riparian zones along a 245 km stretch of Malaysia's Sugut River. A total of 120 plots (50×50 m each) were evaluated using satellite imagery and field assessments, focusing on canopy cover, vegetation structure, riparian habitat quality, and channel alterations. QBRs scores ranged from 25 to 100. Overall, only 2% of plots were classified in natural condition (?95), while 17% were good (75-90), 20% fair (55-70), 38% poor (30-50), and 23% very poor (?25). Despite the non-significant land-use effect, degradation was concentrated in the lower catchment, where semi-open canopies, shrub dominance, and oil palm cultivation were prevalent. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no statistically significant differences in QBRs scores across land-use types (?²: 4.3144, df: 3, p: 0.2295), indicating that riparian health may be influenced by factors beyond land use alone. These findings highlight the limited extent of intact riparian habitats in the Sugut River basin and underscore the urgent need for targeted ecological restoration, improved riparian buffer enforcement, and sustainable land-use planning. The study also demonstrates the practical utility of the QBRs Index as a rapid assessment tool for prioritizing conservation actions in tropical river systems. We recommend prioritizing restoration of areas scoring between fair, poor and very poor, strengthening enforcement of riparian zones, targeted replanting of native riparian trees and regular QBRs re-assessment to track recovery.
NIRS-based prediction of mineral content and DCAD status for sustainable livestock nutrition ROKHMATUN ISNAINI; DESPAL DESPAL; IDAT GALIH PERMANA; RIKA ZAHERA; ANNISA ROSMALIA; MUHAMMAD NAUFAL FARRAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260720

Abstract

Abstract. Isnaini R, Despal, Permana IG, Zahera R, Rosmalia A, Farras MN. 2025. NIRS-based prediction of mineral content and DCAD status for sustainable livestock nutrition. Biodiversitas 26: 3281-3293. The Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD)—the balance between positively and negatively charged minerals (e.g., Na?, K? vs. Cl?, S²?)—is a key factor in maintaining acid-base balance, calcium homeostasis, and metabolic health in dairy cows (Bos taurus (Linnaeus, 1758)). However, DCAD data for individual feedstuffs, especially those used in tropical regions like Indonesia, are largely unavailable, limiting formulation accuracy. This study analyzed the mineral content (Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, S, Cl) of 289 Indonesian feed samples, all feed samples in each category were derived from one species only (66 grasses, 114 legumes, 47 roughages, and 62 concentrates) using wet chemistry, and calculated their DCAD values. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop predictive models as a rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective, and multi-parameter alternative to laboratory analysis. DCAD values varied widely: most grasses, roughages, and concentrates were negative, while legumes tended to be positive. This variation is nutritionally relevant, as negative DCAD diets are beneficial during the prepartum phase to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia in transition cows. NIRS models showed strong performance (R²>0.8; RPD>1.4), with successful external validation (SEP/SEL<2, except in concentrates). The resulting DCAD database and NIRS models can be integrated into mobile apps or formulation tools to support precision feeding strategies, particularly for managing transition cow health in tropical dairy systems.
Assessment of Cousinia mindshelkensis populations (Asteraceae) at the Karatau Ridge, South Kazakhstan AKERKE KENESBAY; ALFIYA KURMANTAYEVA; GULNARA SITPAYEVA; ALEXANDER SHMAKOV; ANASTASIA KOLTUNOVA; KANAT KULYMBET
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261219

Abstract

Abstract. Kenesbay A, Kurmantayeva A, Sitpayeva G, Shmakov A, Koltunova A, Kulymbet K. 2025. Assessment of Cousinia mindshelkensis populations (Asteraceae) at the Karatau Ridge, South Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 26: 6174-6187. Cousinia mindshelkensis is a narrow-localized endemic species, spread by small populations in the central part of the Karatau ridge, Western Tien Shan, and is included in the Kazakhstan Red Book. This study aimed to assess the current state of C. mindshelkensis populations in the Karatau range based on morphological, ecological, and molecular characters. Four populations (P1-P4) were investigated. Morphological data was analyzed based on test plots with 10-15 individuals from each population, while ecological analysis included habitat description. Molecular data based on iPBS and ITS markers were carried out using the STRUCTURE program, cluster and phylogenetic analysis. Morphological traits showed high variability. Plants from P1 and P2 were the smallest, P4 was characterized by intensive vegetative growth with reduced flowering, whereas P3 demonstrated the best reproductive performance. The highest density occurred in P1 and P2 of 4.1±0.9 and 1.6±0.79 individuals/m², respectively. Ecological analysis indicated that the species inhabits petrophytic, mixed-herbaceous-woody-shrubby, and herbaceous-shrubby communities. Genetic diversity assessed by 3 iPBS markers was an average of 61.2% with the highest presented by iPBS2373 of 87.5% polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis confirmed all samples belong to a single clade. These results highlight the necessity of continuous monitoring and justify the inclusion of C. mindshelkensis among priority targets for biodiversity conservation in the region.
Fermentation of duck bone meal using Bacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Rhizopus sp. for sustainable shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) feed SURIANTI SURIANTI; ZAINUDDIN ZAINUDDIN; SITI ASLAMYAH; HASNI YULIANTI AZIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260908

Abstract

Abstract. Surianti, Zainuddin, Aslamyah S, Azis HY. 2025. Fermentation of duck bone meal using Bacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Rhizopus sp. for sustainable shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) feed. Biodiversitas 26: 4333-4345. Sustainable aquaculture necessitates alternatives to fishmeal because of its elevated cost and environmental impact. Duck bone waste, an underutilized by-product of poultry processing, can be valorized into feed ingredients, reducing organic waste and supporting a circular bioeconomy. This is the first study to assess Fermented Duck Bone Meal (FDBM) using mixed microbes (Bacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Rhizopus sp.) as a fishmeal substitute in vannamei shrimp diets. Duck bone meal was fermented at inoculum doses of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mL/100 g and fermentation durations of 12, 24, and 36 h. A control diet contained 100% fishmeal, while four experimental diets substituted fishmeal with optimally fermented duck bone meal (1.5 mL inoculum, 36 hours) at inclusion rates of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, were fed to juvenile shrimp (0.19±0.01 g) for 60 days. Growth, survival, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles were analyzed. Proximate analysis of optimally fermented FDBM (1.5 mL, 36 h) revealed increased crude protein (42.72%), reduced crude fiber (1.49%), and elevated crude lipid (23.46%). Essential amino acids, such as lysine (2.77%) and glutamate (3.54%), were enhanced in the feed, aligning with higher amino acid retention in shrimp muscle (lysine: 4.85%, leucine: 4.57%). Shrimp fed the 75% FDBM diet (Feed D) had the highest final weight (23.04±0.09 g) and biomass weight gain (20.63±0.47 g), compared to the control diet (19.74±1.03 g) and the 25% FDBM diet (19.61±0.53 g), which exhibited the lowest values. Survival rates showed no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The 75% substitution of fishmeal with fermented duck bone meal improves prawn growth and feed quality, while reducing reliance on fishmeal, offering a cost-effective and environmentally responsible strategy for sustainable shrimp aquaculture.
Bioactivity and chemical composition of Penicillium griseofulvum from estuarine soil in East Java, Indonesia AFRIAN ROSYADI; MOCHAMAD RAZAQ SETYANTO; BAWON TRIATMOKO; JOKO TRI WIBOWO; LESTYO WULANDARI; EVI UMAYAH ULFA; ARI SATIA NUGRAHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260808

Abstract

Abstract. Rosyadi A, Setyanto MR, Triatmoko B, Wibowo JT, Wulandari L, Ulfa EU, Nugraha AS. 2025. Bioactivity and chemical composition of Penicillium griseofulvum from estuarine soil in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3745-3757. Fungi have been a notable source for new antibiotic discovery, yet bioprospecting on Indonesian micro fungi remains scarce. The previous study has collected several soil fungi from understudied estuarine areas, a unique environment where the coastal region has provided a fertile environment for fungi to grow and adapt. This has left the soil fungi as a promising source of antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to isolate antibiotic-producing fungi from these unique estuarine habitats as well as evaluate their secondary metabolite. Soil samples were collected from Kendit Village, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia. Antibacterial activities were measured based on the CLSI microdilution method. Species identification of fungi was based on the DNA barcoding technique using ITS region-specific primers. A secondary metabolite was produced using solid-state fermentation using rice as substrate. Metabolite profiling relied on the GC-MS technique. Seven fungal isolates were obtained and tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. All isolates exhibited positive inhibition, with isolate IS-IB-T2 showing the highest activity, forming an inhibition zone of 18.37?±?0.31?mm. IS-IB-T2 was identified as Penicillium griseofulvum isolate CF00049 (GenBank accession no. OQ076449.1). It demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus (30.5?±?3.9% inhibition) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (65.6?±?3.1% inhibition). GC-MS analysis revealed 18 bioactive compounds, with n-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, and Vinyl trans-cinnamate as major constituents. These compounds are known to disrupt bacterial metabolic processes, redox balance, and membrane integrity. In summary, the study suggested that the estuarine habitat was a notable source for antibiotic-producing fungal isolates. Isolated P. griseofulvum from the Situbondo estuarine environments holds potential as a natural source for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Further research is necessary to isolate the bioactive compound as well as obtain the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of the single compound.
Harnessing indigenous knowledge on ethnomedicinal plants for malaria treatment in South Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia RIMA HERLINA SETIAWATI SIBURIAN; RUSDI ANGRIANTO; YAFET SYUFI; BAMBANG NUGROHO; MARYROSE EASTER TAPILATU; JULIA ROSEMARY TAPILATU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260732

Abstract

Abstract. Siburian RHS, Angrianto R, Syufi Y, Nugroho B, Tapilatu ME, Tapilatu JR. 2025. Harnessing indigenous knowledge on ethnomedicinal plants for malaria treatment in South Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3408-3422. Malaria, an endemic disease in Papua, Indonesia, including South Manokwari, West Papua, has become a critical public health issue due to increasing drug resistance resulting from the routine use of antimalarial drugs. This issue highlights the importance of exploring medicinal plants as potential sources of new antimalarial agents. This study aims to document ethnomedicinal plants used for malaria treatment in South Manokwari District, using ethnobotanical and anthropological approaches. Data were collected through interviews with 88 participants aged 18 years and older, consisting of 34% male and 66% female. A total of 57 species of medicinal plants from 25 families were identified for malaria treatment. Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) values ranged from 3.41 to 31.82, and the Fabaceae family was the most represented, with 8 species used for medicine, followed by Meliaceae and Myrtaceae families, each with 5 species. Preference ranking identified Andrographis paniculata (RFC: 31.82) as the top choice, followed by Carica papaya (RFC: 29.55) and Alstonia scholaris (RFC: 23.86). Plant parts used included leaves, stems, bark, roots, fruits, flowers, and seeds. Methods of application varied and included drinking, massaging, bathing, inhalation, and evaporation, with drinking being the most common method. The bioactive compounds in these plants are expected to contribute valuable references for the development of new antimalarial agents. Therefore, the conservation and future availability of their natural compounds should be prioritized.

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