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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 580   581   582   583   584 
Woody plant composition along Ulot River, Samar Island Natural Park, Philippines: Community uses and conservation concerns ANNE FRANCES V. BUHAY; MARIA CELESTE N. BANATICLA-HILARIO; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR; JONES T. NAPALDET; LAILANI MASUNGSONG; MARNE ORIGENES; NOBA HILVANO; EDELYN ECHAPARE; DIANE SHANE BALINDO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260701

Abstract

Abstract. Buhay AFV, Banaticla-Hilario MCN, Buot Jr IE, Napaldet JT, Masungsong L, Origenes M, Hilvano N, Echapare E, Balindo DS. 2025. Woody plant composition along Ulot River, Samar Island Natural Park, Philippines: Community uses and conservation concerns. Biodiversitas 26: 3081-3103. A comprehensive woody plants inventory is crucial for local governments and agencies to determine useful plant species and develop effective conservation policies. This study enumerates woody plant species in the Ulot riparian forest of Samar Island Natural Park (SINP), Philippines. A total of 574 individual plants, comprising 153 species from 46 families, were documented. There are 112 species classified as trees, six as shrubs, 20 that can be shrubs or small trees, one vine species, 10 palm species, and one grass species. The recorded 43 Philippine endemics and 39 threatened species emphasize the unique riparian flora of Ulot River. Economic uses and seed storage behavior were also assessed through literature and database review. Local communities utilized plant species in the Ulot riparian zone for economic purposes like food (21 species), medicine (61 species), fuelwood (21 species), timber (64 species), landscaping (8 species), dyes/tannins (8 species), and rope-making (4 species), as well as for cultural uses, including ornamentals (15 species), landscaping (8 species), and mastication (2 species). Several species, such as Aquilaria cumingiana, dipterocarps and Syzygium species, are noted to be endemic and have economically important uses. Based on these findings, a conservation framework is proposed that balances sustainable resource use and conservation measures in Samar Island riparian zones. It integrates environmental policies, awareness, and ecotourism while supporting in situ and ex situ conservation, including seed banking and habitat restoration. These strategies are critical in ensuring ecological stability and in local environmental policy-making.
Phenotypic characteristics of native chickens in Libya based on morphometric and plumage traits HASAN MOFTAH AHMED AHMAD; MUHAMMAD RIZWAN YOUSAF; BILAL AHMED; EDY KURNIANTO; DELA AYU LESTARI; FATMAWATI MUSTOFA; SUTOPO SUTOPO; ASEP SETIAJI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260801

Abstract

Abstract. Ahmad HMA, Yousaf MR, Ahmed B, Kurnianto E, Lestari DA, Mustofa F, Sutopo S, Setiaji A, 2025. Phenotypic characteristics of native chickens in Libya based on morphometric and plumage traits. Biodiversitas 26: 3659-3673. Native Libyan chickens are a widely distributed poultry variety, while undisturbed types often lack distinctive characteristics. This study aimed to analyze phenotypic variations among Indigenous chickens across different regions of Libya using a qualitative approach. This study used a purposive sampling technique. A total of 200 chickens were sampled from Sirte, Abu Hadi, and Abongim. Data analysis using descriptive statistics, boxplot, Shannon Index, Coefficient of Variation (CV), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), ANOVA test and correlation test. The findings revealed that there were differences in the variation of phenotypic characteristics, indicating that genetic factors play a major role in shaping these traits. The most common feather color was black (36.5%). Black with a white side was the most common shank color (45.5%). The most common comb type was the pea comb (54%). Black (45%) and brown-yellow (46.5%) beak colors were most prevalent. Highly significant differences between regions occurred in leg color (p = 0.008) and beak color (p = 0.018), whereas highly significant differences between sexes were for all the traits (p<0.05). Good correlations were also found between beak color and comb shape (r = 0.777), and leg color and feather color (r = 0.776). PCA analysis showed that the maximum variation in phenotypes was explained by feather color (79.16%). Environmental influences and local breeding practices contributed to the distribution. Preservation of native phenotypes has substantial conservation value because it provides resilient traits essential for local and regional agriculture and contributes to genetic diversity. Therefore, to enhance the sustainability, selective breeding programs should prioritize the maintenance and enhancement of the most common and adaptive traits.
Polystyrene biodegradation and functional biodiversity of gut microbial consortia in Tenebrio molitor with metagenomic and metabolomic insights AFANDI AFANDI; SONY SUHANDONO; POPI SEPTIANI; AZZANIA FIBRIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260829

Abstract

Abstract. Afandi, Suhandono S, Septiani P, Fibriani A. 2025. Polystyrene biodegradation and functional biodiversity of gut microbial consortia in Tenebrio molitor with metagenomic and metabolomic insights. Biodiversitas 26: 3994-4016. Polystyrene (PS), a persistent plastic pollutant, can be biodegraded by Tenebrio molitor larvae through gut microbiome-mediated processes. This study employed integrated shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics to elucidate the microbial taxa, enzymes, and metabolic pathways involved in PS degradation. In vivo trials demonstrated a PS mass reduction of 6.38%, while in vitro experiments using gut microbial consortia resulted in a 3.49% mass loss. Surface erosion of the PS film was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. Taxonomic profiling identified 334 bacterial genera under the PS diet and 329 under rice bran, with 93 genera unique to PS treatment. Dominant phyla included Proteobacteria (53.87%), Actinobacteria (6.44%), and Aquificae (6.42%). Hydrocarbon-degrading genera enriched under the PS diet included Burkholderia (3.94%), Nocardioides (2.67%), and Oceanobacter, the latter being exclusive to PS-fed larvae. Biodiversity metrics revealed high genus-level diversity (Shannon Index H? = 3.79-3.81), moderate Evenness (E = 0.65-0.66), and low Dominance (D = 0.06), indicating a complex yet balanced microbial ecosystem under xenobiotic stress. Functional annotations identified xenobiotic degradation pathways, including styrene metabolism (0.56%) and toluene metabolism (1.40%), driven by key enzymes such as monooxygenases and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Metabolomic profiling identified 39 metabolites in larval frass and 20 degradation intermediates in the liquid medium, with lactic acid and benzyl alcohol being the primary products associated with the breakdown of aromatic compounds. These findings underscore the functional biodiversity and ecological adaptability of the gut microbiome in plastic detoxification, highlighting insect-microbe symbioses as promising agents for sustainable bioremediation strategies.
Biocultural and nutritional significance of Sauromatum diversifolium in Central Himalayan communities, India RAJPAL SINGH NEGI; V. K. PUROHIT; R. K. MAIKHURI; VINOD NAUTIYAL; SUBHASH CHANDRA; LAKHPAT SINGH RAWAT; M. C. NAUTIYAL; SUDEEP CHANDRA; RAVINDRA SINGH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260831

Abstract

Abstract. Negi RS, Purohit VK, Maikhuri RK, Nautiyal V, Chandra S, Rawat LS, Nautiyal MC, Chandra S, Singh R. 2025. Biocultural and nutritional significance of Sauromatum diversifolium in Central Himalayan Communities, India. Biodiversitas 26: 4023-4034. Sauromatum diversifolium, locally known as Nagdoon, is one of the important underutilized wild edible plant species whose root tuber (corm) is locally used as a staple food and a traditional medicine among indigenous communities in the Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Despite its significant cultural and medicinal importance, S. diversifolium remains largely under-researched, highlighting the urgent need to revalidate its traditional uses and explore its nutraceutical potential. The present study aims to analyze the nutritional value of the tuber and document the Indigenous knowledge related to local food, healthcare practices, biocultural traditions, and the socio-religious values of S. diversifolium in the Uttarakhand, namely Rawain, Niti, Darma, and Byans valleys of the region. An ethnobotanical survey using Participatory Rural Approaches (PRA), inventories, interviews, and local discussions in five villages (277 households) of Rawain Valley, followed by the collection of S. diversifolium for phytochemical and nutraceutical analysis of its tubers. The results of the nutritional analysis revealed the high nutritional value of the tubers, with significant levels of vitamins (B2, C, E), proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals were analyzed to understand their nutritional potential. The results revealed that the boiled tubers of the plant are traditionally consumed as a healthy food and used for medicinal purposes to treat various diseases, as reported by 95% respondents. The chemical screening of the corm showed higher Vitamin C content (4.7 mg/g) than other vitamins. Additionally, the carbohydrate, potassium, and calcium contents were also found significantly higher (76.6, 850, and 213 mg/100 g, respectively). The species can be a potential source of high-value food and provide an additional source of income opportunities for indigenous/ traditional communities. The present study emphasizes the domestication, large-scale cultivation, value addition, and product development of the species to enhance livelihoods and income generation, ensuring the sustainability of socio-ecological systems and the biocultural conservation of the region.
Target strength measurement of Nemipterus peronii and Nemipterus japonicus (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) in Aceh, Indonesia SYAHRUL PURNAWAN; HENRY M. MANIK; TOTOK HESTIRIANOTO; KHAIRUL AMRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260641

Abstract

Abstract. Purnawan S, Manik HM, Hestirianoto T, Amri K. 2025. Target strength measurement of Nemipterus peronii and Nemipterus japonicus (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2992-2999. Threadfin breams (Nemipteridae) are ecologically and commercially important demersal fish in the Indo-Pacific region. Accurate estimation of fish population abundance using hydroacoustic methods depends on species-specific Target Strength (TS) reference values. However, no standardized TS data currently exist for threadfin breams. This study aimed to establish TS reference values for two threadfin bream species, namely Nemipterus peronii (n: 15) and Nemipterus japonicus (n: 13), collected from coastal waters of Aceh, Indonesia. The total length (TL) and weight (W) were measured to determine the length-weight relationship for both species. TS values were measured using a scientific single-beam echosounder operating at a frequency of 200 kHz in a water tank. Nemipterus japonicus showed positive allometric growth, while N. peronii showed negative allometric growth, as evidenced by b values of 3.0628 and 2.1831, respectively. Significant TL-TS relationships (P<0.05) were observed with TS = 46.47 log(TL) ? 104.49 for N. peronii and TS = 22.89 log(TL) ? 72.69 for N. japonicus. Adjusted regression models with a standardized slope of 20 produced intercept values of b20: -70.96 for N. peronii and b20: -68.78 for N. japonicus. The result suggested that even within the same genus, morphological differences led to varying TS values for the same body length. Furthermore, species-specific acoustic survey models were important to improve stock assessment accuracy and contribute to effective fisheries management
Genotype-by-environment interaction and tolerance of tropical maize under low nitrogen conditions DEDY SUPRIADI; YUSUF MUFTI BIMANTARA; YUNIEL MELVANOLO ZENDRATO; EKO WIDARYANTO; KUSWANTO KUSWANTO; BUDI WALUYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260818

Abstract

Abstract. Supriadi D, Bimantara YM, Zendrato YM, Widaryanto E, Kuswanto K, Waluyo B. 2025. Genotype-by-environment interaction and tolerance of tropical maize under low nitrogen conditions. Biodiversitas 26: 3863-3874. The environment is the main factor affecting the performance of agronomy and the yield of tropical maize. In this context, the development of maize hybrids with low nitrogen (N) tolerance is crucial but challenging since genotype selection is biased toward the existence of Genotypes by Environment Interaction (GEI). Therefore, this research aimed to show the responses as well as determine the tolerance and stability of maize hybrids under low nitrogen environmental conditions in four environments. A total of 10 maize hybrids were analyzed using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that GEI was significant for most of the observed traits, including grain yield and yield components, as well as physiological traits. The percentage of G × E variance exhibited considerable differences among various traits, with values ranging from 13.68% for stomatal length to 50.00% for the number of ear rows. The low nitrogen environment significantly influenced ear performance and physiological traits, resulting in a lower average grain yield (6.98 t ha-1) compared to normal conditions (10.72 t ha-1), as well as the other traits. G01, G02, and G05 were identified as tolerant hybrids based on the ranking summary of stress tolerance indices. Meanwhile, G01 and G03 were selected as stable hybrids based on stability statistics and Genotype + Genotype × Environment (GGE). G01 (R0211) had the highest yield and remained stable-tolerant in low-nitrogen environments, demonstrating its superiority as a genotype. This study and the above genotypes could be used as genetic material for future maize breeding to develop new varieties that are both high-yielding and stable under low N, especially under tropical regions.
Phenotypic diversity and characterization of several avocado (Persea americana) germplasm grown in Subang, West Java, Indonesia DIAN RAHMAH FITRI; SLAMET SUSANTO; LIFERDI LUKMAN; DENY SUKMANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270430

Abstract

Abstract. Fitri DR, Susanto S, Lukman L, Sukmana D. 2026. Phenotypic diversity and characterization of several avocado (Persea americana) germplasm grown in Subang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270430. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270430. Avocado (Persea americana) exhibits broad morphological and phenological variation that supports germplasm characterization and the evaluation of phenotypic diversity for cultivar development. This study compared the morphological, phenological, yield, and fruit-quality characteristics of three Lampung avocado accessions (Lampung 1, Lampung 2, and Lampung 3) with the commercial cultivar Miki (Cipedak) under relatively uniform environmental conditions in Subang, West Java. Observations included vegetative growth, flowering and harvesting periods, leaf morphology, reproductive traits, fruit physical characteristics, productivity, edible portion, and biochemical traits (fat and sugar contents). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s HSD test to determine significant differences among accessions. The results showed significant variations among accessions, particularly in leaf size and area, fruit set, fruit size and weight, edible portion, fat and sugar contents. The fruit of Lampung 1 was 56% heavier than Miki, Lampung 2 showed comparable fruit weight, and Lampung 3 produced smaller fruits. Lampung 1 and Lampung 2 exhibited a 14% higher edible portion compared to Miki. Differences were also observed in fruit productivity, with Lampung 1 producing the highest yield at 7.13 kg per plant, while Lampung 3 had the lowest. Variations in sugar and fat contents were observed among accessions. Lampung 2 showed higher fat content, Lampung 1 had comparable fat content to Miki, while Lampung 3 exhibited higher fat and sugar contents. The relatively higher fat content observed in certain accessions indicates their potential for further evaluation for value-added utilization. Overall, Lampung 1 and Lampung 2 demonstrate better yield and fruit quality traits. However, as this study was conducted at a single location and during one growing season, multi-location and multi-season evaluations are required to confirm yield stability, adaptability, and further potential utilization.
Characteristics of Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) roosting trees in North Buton Wildlife Reserve, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia KEMAL MUHSANDI; JARWADI BUDI HERNOWO; YUDI SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260645

Abstract

Abstract. Muhsandi K, Hernowo JB, Setiawan Y. 2025. Characteristics of Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) roosting trees in North Buton Wildlife Reserve, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3030-3039. Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) exhibits a high degree of selectivity in choosing roosting trees, a behavior influenced by the availability and specific characteristics that ensure safety and comfort. This study was conducted in the North Buton Wildlife Reserve, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, a conservation area known for its Maleo population, and focused on examining the attributes of roosting trees. A purposive sampling method was employed to identify Maleo roosting trees, and a single-plot method was used for vegetation analysis to determine the composition and structure of surrounding tree species using the Importance Value Index (IVI). The characteristics of roosting trees were analyzed based on several parameters, including total tree height, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), crown architecture, branching structure, roost height and position, and proximity to food sources and nesting grounds. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests compared tree height and DBH between roosted and non-roosted trees. The results indicated that Maleo roost trees are emergent trees, taller than surrounding vegetation, spatially isolated, and characterized by open crowns with widely spaced, relatively flat branches. Horizontally, Maleos typically roost at the center of the tree crown; vertically, their roosting position is far from the main trunk, reducing disturbance. Roosting trees near food sources and nesting grounds reflect efficient habitat utilization. This efficient spatial utilization of the Maleo bird is a testament to its adaptability and is truly admirable.
Bird diversity in a human-modified geothermal landscape of Kamojang, West Java, Indonesia TEGUH HUSODO; ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA; YUDI ROSANDI; INDRI WULANDARI; ZAMZAM I’LANUL ANWAR ATSAURY; SYAHRAS FATHIN AMINUDDIN; SUROSO SUROSO; SYA SYA SHANIDA; YUNUS TOHIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261127

Abstract

Abstract. Husodo T, Megantara EN, Rosandi Y, Wulandari I, Atsaury ZIA, Aminuddin SF, Suroso, Shanida SS, Tohir Y. 2025. Bird diversity in a human-modified geothermal landscape of Kamojang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5679-5693. A geothermal power plant can significantly impact biodiversity through land-use changes. In general, human-induced habitat modifications alter environmental quality, affecting species composition and ecosystem stability. Due to their sensitivity to habitat changes, birds are bioindicators of ecological health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess trends in bird diversity in the Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant area, West Java, Indonesia, using point count and spotlighting methods. A total of 113 species from 37 families were recorded across various land cover types: natural forests, production forests, horticultural gardens, mixed lands, and replanting areas. Muscicapidae was also the most commonly recorded family. Although species richness has recently decreased due to the conversion of natural forests into horticultural fields, overall bird diversity relatively high. Shannon-Wiener diversity index values ranged from 2.663 to 2.995, indicating a moderate level of diversity. Several species served as bioindicators of habitat quality, including riparian specialists and predatory birds. Additionally, the presence of frugivorous, pollinator, and forest-dwelling birds demonstrates that Kamojang's natural woods continue to support pollination activities, provide suitable habitats, and facilitate seed dispersal, thereby promoting vegetation sustainability. Controlling the expansion of agriculture within the community is crucial to maintaining and enhancing bird diversity in a geothermal environment. Reforestation efforts that account for canopy stratification complexity can effectively restore damaged bird habitats by reintroducing native forest flora, thereby offering cover and helping sustain ecological balance in geothermal landscapes.
Ichthyofaunal diversity in the community-managed Jagadishpur Reservoir (Ramsar site) and Gajedi Lake, Lumbini Province, Nepal SANTOSHI SHRESTHA; KUMAR KHATRI; NRIPESH SHRESTHA; RAM CHANDRA POUDEL; KUMAR SAPKOTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260718

Abstract

Abstract. Shrestha S, Khatri K, Shrestha N, Poudel RC, Sapkota K. 2025. Ichthyofaunal diversity in the community-managed Jagadishpur Reservoir (Ramsar site) and Gajedi Lake, Lumbini Province, Nepal. Biodiversitas 26: 3262-3272. This study aimed to establish baseline information on fish species diversity in the Jagadishpur Reservoir and Gajedi Lake, located in Lumbini Province, Nepal, managed under community-based systems. The study was conducted between 2018 and 2022 across three different seasons at five sampling stations using cast nets. Thirty-nine native fish species representing 27 Genera, 18 Families, and 9 Orders were recorded. Among them, Cypriniformes was the dominant order and Danionidae the most widespread family in both water bodies. In Jagadishpur Reservoir, Rasbora daniconius was the most abundant species, followed by Puntius sophore, whereas Amblypharyngodon mola and Trichogaster fasciata were the most common in Gajedi Lake. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.54 to 2.77, indicating moderate biodiversity. Pielou’s evenness index (J), ranging from 0.72 to 0.93, suggested a relatively even species distribution. Notably, Badis badis and Macrognathus lineatomaculatus were observed only once in the Jagadishpur Reservoir and Gajedi Lake, respectively. Both water bodies were found to be slightly alkaline. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) results revealed low adjusted R² values for the two lentic systems, suggesting that while environmental variables do influence fish community structure, a substantial portion of the variation remains unexplained, likely due to the complex biotic interactions and unmeasured factors. The findings show that both wetlands support a rich diversity of native fish species and that they contribute to the understanding of fish richness and associated water quality parameters, and provide valuable insights for planning sustainable fishing practices, guiding future research, and informing conservation strategies.

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