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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Artificial pollination, seed germination, and micropropagation of Coelogyne cristata and C. lawrenceana by in vitro protocol for conservation of endangered orchids MUTHAB HUSSIEN; VLADIMIR A. KOVAL; ANDREY S. RYABCHENKO; SERGEY S. MAKAROV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260912

Abstract

Abstract. Hussien M, Koval VA, Ryabchenko AS, Makarov SS. 2025. Artificial pollination, seed germination, and micropropagation of Coelogyne cristata and C. lawrenceana by in vitro protocol for conservation of endangered orchids. Biodiversitas 26: 4384-4395. Coelogyne cristata and Coelogyne lawrenceana are rare and endangered orchids valued for their ornamental and medicinal uses. These species are severely threatened by low natural propagation rates and declining wild populations, making effective conservation strategies urgently necessary. However, a complete in vitro propagation system has not yet been established, further limiting their conservation. This study reports the first successful and efficient in vitro propagation protocol for both species, integrating artificial pollination, asymbiotic seed germination, and clonal micropropagation using low concentrations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) combined with potato homogenate, coconut water, and banana homogenate to achieve this. Artificial pollination under greenhouse conditions achieved fruit set rates of 65% in C. cristata and 45% in C. lawrenceana, respectively. Seeds germinated at high frequencies on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (½ MS) medium: 98% in C. cristata with 0.5 mg L?¹ IAA and 92% in C. lawrenceana with 0.5 mg L?¹ 6-BAP. Optimal protocorm development occurred with 0.5 mg L?¹ meta-Topolin (mT) and banana homogenate for C. cristata and 0.5 mg L?¹ 6-BAP with coconut water for C. lawrenceana. The highest shoot multiplication was obtained in C. cristata (3.93±0.47 shoots/explant) using 0.5 mg L?¹ kinetin and potato homogenate, and in C. lawrenceana (6.28±0.15 shoots/explant) using 0.5 mg L?¹ mT and coconut water, both significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Root induction was most effective in C. cristata with 1.0 mg L?¹ IBA or 0.5 mg L?¹ IAA plus coconut water, while C. lawrenceana rooted best with 0.5 mg L?¹ IAA. Acclimatized plants grown in a Sphagnum moss-charcoal-pine bark mixture (1:1:1) exhibited high survival rates: 87% for C. cristata and 82% for C. lawrenceana. This protocol offers a scalable solution for ex situ conservation and sustainable horticultural use of these threatened species.
Whole-genome sequencing and SNP analysis of Thai Cannabis sativa cultivar ‘Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan’ (Cannabaceae) THAVATCHAI KAMOLTHAM; NOPHADON LUANGPIROM; NAPAPORN KUAMSAB; TANAWAN KUMMALUE; TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261010

Abstract

Abstract. Kamoltham T, Luangpirom N, Kuamsab N, Kummalue T, Chaiphongpachara T. 2025. Whole-genome sequencing and SNP analysis of Thai Cannabis sativa cultivar ‘Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan’ (Cannabaceae). Biodiversitas 26: 4946-4953. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is a herbaceous plant valued for its medicinal and therapeutic uses. In Thailand, the indigenous cultivar ‘Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan’ has long been applied in traditional medicine and is recognized for its high Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. This study provides the first genomic characterization of this traditional Thai cultivar using Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS). Fresh leaf samples were collected from a licensed cultivation site, and paired-end libraries were prepared with the Illumina TruSeq DNA PCR-Free Kit. Sequencing on the NovaSeq 6000 platform produced 63.8 million raw reads (9.57 Gb), yielding 63.3 million high-quality reads (9.50 Gb) after trimming. Clean reads showed a 94.43% alignment rate to the ‘Pink Pepper’ reference genome, with an average depth of 11.39×. Variant calling identified 23.0 million genomic variants, including 18.5 million SNPs and 4.5 million Indels, with 6.04 million high-confidence SNPs retained after stringent filtering. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses revealed unexpected genomic proximity between ‘Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan’ and the CBD-dominant ‘CBD Shark’ cultivar, highlighting its distinct lineage among high-THC cultivars. These findings provide valuable genomic resources for precise cultivar authentication, marker-assisted breeding, conservation of native Thai germplasm, and functional genomics to advance cannabis-based therapeutics.
Growth patterns and morphometric analysis of marketable Strombus spp. from Batam, Indonesia INSANIAH RAHIMAH; DIETRIECH G. BENGEN; ETTY RIANI; WINDARTI WINDARTI; I WAYAN NURJAYA; SITI MAHMUDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260932

Abstract

Abstract. Rahimah I, Bengen DG, Riani E, Windarti, Nurjaya IW, Mahmuda S. 2025. Growth patterns and morphometric analysis of marketable Strombus spp. from Batam, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4618-4627. This study investigates morphometric variations and growth patterns of three commercially valuable Strombus species from Batam, Indonesia: Laevistrombus canarium, Laevistrombus turturella, and Strombus canarium. A total of 1.786 specimens were collected from Rempang, Galang, and Panjang Islands. Nine morphometric parameters were measured, including Shell Width (SW), Shell Length (SL), Lip Thickness (LT), and Whorl Amount (WA). Statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation, revealed significant interspecific differences, with SW, LT, and WA emerging as the most discriminant traits. L. canarium and L. turturella showed partial morphological overlap, whereas S. canarium exhibited distinct features. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships among SW, BWL, and AL, with L. canarium and L. turturella showing stronger size-related relationships (R² = 0.63) than S. canarium (R² = 0.47). Growth analysis confirmed hypoallometric patterns across all species, with b-values of 2.47, 2.65, and 2.20, respectively. Morphological variation was shaped by both intrinsic factors (life stage, gonadal maturity) and extrinsic factors (substrate type, food availability). These findings highlight species-specific adaptations to local benthic habitats and underscore the value of morphometric traits as ecological indicators, underscoring the unique ecological niches of the studied species and their importance for biodiversity conservation. By linking shell morphology to environmental conditions, this study provides a practical basis for monitoring ecosystem health, informing adaptive strategies for sustainable fisheries management and biodiversity conservation in the Indo-Pacific region.
Using macrozoobenthos bioindicators to assess the impact of land use on water quality in Citumang River, Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia NURUL CHAZANAH; SUHARYANTO SUHARYANTO; NUR LAILIAH KAREPESINA; FIKRI ILMI; IMAM ALI AS-SYARIF; IGNATIUS DESPRANTA TARIGAN; STANIA SHEVINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261201

Abstract

Abstract. Chazanah N, Suharyanto, Karepesina NL, Ilmi F, As-Syarif IA, Tarigan ID, Shevina S. 2025. Using macrozoobenthos bioindicators to assess the impact of land use on water quality in Citumang River, Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5964-5976. This study focuses on analyzing macrozoobenthos bioindicators in relation to land use variation along the Citumang River, within the Ciwulan-Cilaki watershed, Pangandaran District, West Java, Indonesia. Previous research has shown that land use along a watershed can influence water quality and macrozoobenthos diversity, as reflected by changes in the diversity index (H'), which tends to be higher in more natural areas (H': 1.06-2.13) and lower in areas under anthropogenic pressure (H': 0.52-1.16). This helps in understanding the relationship between macrozoobenthos diversity and environmental factors driven by land use impacts. Five sampling sites representing natural forest, plantation, agriculture, and residential areas were sampled periodically in May, June, and October 2024. Statistical analyses using PAST version 4.03 included One-Way ANOVA, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Similarity Percentage Analysis (SIMPER), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Significant differences in water quality parameters (p<0.05) were observed among sites with different land use types. HCA and SIMPER revealed distinct macrozoobenthos assemblages corresponding to these variations. Faunus sp., an estuarine species, dominated downstream residential areas with high salinity and organic matter, indicating its role as a potential bioindicator of degraded water quality. In contrast, Clithon sp. and Melanoides sp. were prevalent in upstream natural and agricultural areas, associated with higher dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and nutrient levels, suggesting their suitability as indicators of mildly to moderately polluted conditions. These findings demonstrate that macrozoobenthos communities respond sensitively to land use changes and can effectively indicate variations in riverine environmental quality.
Genetic diversity and agronomic morphological characteristics of 22 hybrid purple sweet corn genotypes AGUNG TRIPUTRA TODINGRANTE; ARYA WIDURA RITONGA; SITI MARWIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260840

Abstract

Abstract. Todingrante AT, Ritonga AW, Marwiyah S. 2025. Genetic diversity and agronomic morphological characteristics of 22 hybrid purple sweet corn genotypes. Biodiversitas 26: 4124-4136. Purple sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) is a nutritionally valuable crop known for its high anthocyanin content, which functions as a potent antioxidant. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and agronomic performance of 22 hybrid genotypes of purple sweet corn developed by Institut Pertanian Bogor. Field trials were conducted at the Pasir Kuda Experimental Station using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Eighteen quantitative and fifteen qualitative traits were evaluated to estimate genetic variability, heritability, and phenotypic expression. Analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic differences for the majority of traits. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 8.24% (leaf width) to 96.99% (silking date), with high heritability observed for ear diameter (57.08%), ear weight with husk (66.40%), and Productivity (67.68%). The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation revealed substantial genetic diversity across genotypes. Correlation analysis demonstrated that ear weight with husk (r = 0.68) and ear weight without husk exhibited strong and significant positive correlations with overall yield, highlighting their importance as effective selection criteria in breeding programs. Additional yield-contributing traits such as ear length, ear diameter, and number of kernel rows also showed positive associations with productivity, reinforcing their utility in selecting superior genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes based on morphological and agronomic similarities. Genotype G19 showed exceptional performance, with a high yield (18.55 tons ha?¹) and deep kernel pigmentation, making it a promising candidate for future breeding. These results provide valuable insights for developing high-yielding, anthocyanin rich purple sweet corn cultivars with enhanced agronomic performance and nutritional quality.
Ecological characteristics of subterranean termites in Mamar agroforestry, West Amarasi, Timor Island, Indonesia DINA TIARA KUSUMAWARDHANI; ORIGENES BOY KAPITAN; MITHA RABIYATUL NUFUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261142

Abstract

Abstract. Kusumawardhani DT, Kapitan OB, Nufus MR. 2025. Ecological characteristics of subterranean termites in Mamar agroforestry, West Amarasi, Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5857-5869. Mamar, a traditional agroforestry system on Timor Island, Indonesia, is overgrown with various local and introduced forest trees, and fodder crops, which influence the organic matter that needs to be decomposed. Subterranean termites act as decomposers, although the specific species remains unidentified. This study, conducted in Soba Village, West Amarasi Sub-district, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, aimed to identify termite species in Mamar, analyze their environmental conditions, and assess the soil characteristics within and around their nests. The study utilized a 150x250 m sample plot across three locations, each representing different contours, altitudes, and soil colors of Mamar. Two successfully identified species of subterranean termites from eight nest, Macrotermes gilvus NC034110.1 and Nasutitermes matangensis MTR C-004. Environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, and light intensity) were monitored over three months (March-July) showing ranges of 23.03-28.65°C, 65.41-84.87%, and 594.19-2529.9 lux, respectively. These conditions were generally suitable for termite activity, although humidity levels occasionally dropped below optimal. Soil characteristics focused on moisture content, soil acidity (pH value), C-organic, total nitrogen, organic matter, and texture of the three fractions. Nest soils exhibited higher pH, carbon, nitrogen, and organic content compared to surrounding soils. Moisture content varied by texture, higher in clay, lower in loam and clay loam. As decomposers and soil engineers, both termites can contribute to improving the inceptisol soil properties of Mamar by enriching organic matter. The greater the number of plants in Mamar, the more it influences termite activity, especially M. gilvus, which needs raw materials to make fungus comb in their nests. Meanwhile, the island’s dry climate and low rainfall force termites to adapt to suboptimal moisture conditions, even within their own nests.
Microbial diversity and fermentation optimization of tempoyak from Durian and Durian Lai MARWATI MARWATI; KRISHNA PURNAWAN CANDRA; ASWITA EMMAWATI; MIFTAKHUR ROHMAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261007

Abstract

Abstract. Marwati, Candra KP, Emmawati A, Rohmah M. 2025. Microbial diversity and fermentation optimization of tempoyak from Durian and Durian Lai. Biodiversitas 26: 4908-4922. Tempoyak, a traditional fermented durian product, is a rich source of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential as a functional food. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation conditions of tempoyak made from Durian Lai (Durio zibethinus × Durio kutejensis, DZ_K) using Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) and to compare its bacterial community structure with that of regular durian tempoyak (DZ). The effects of salt (2-4%), sugar (0.5-1.5%), and fermentation time (2-4 days) on LAB counts, pH, acidity, sugar, and moisture content were evaluated, and optimal conditions for DZ_K were identified as 2.46% salt, 1.01% sugar, and 2 days of fermentation, yielding log 9.5 CFU/g LAB, pH 5.56, and acceptable acidity and sugar levels. Microbial profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) revealed distinct bacterial communities, with DZ_K dominated by Pediococcus (56.5%) and Weissella (12.23%), while DZ exhibited greater diversity, including Leuconostoc (42.43%) and Acetobacter (8.78%). Alpha diversity indices indicated higher microbial richness in DZ, and ordination analyses confirmed a clear separation between the two fermentation types. These findings suggest that DZ fermentation supports broader microbial diversity, potentially enhancing flavor complexity and fermentation stability, whereas DZ_K fermentation favors a LAB-driven process, improving product stability and probiotic potential, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing tempoyak production to enhance microbiological quality and safety.
Vegetation composition and diversity in the habitats of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) in West Java highlands, Indonesia SARI SURYANAH; IMAN HERNAMAN; MANSYUR MANSYUR; AGUNG KARUNIAWAN; DEDI RUSWANDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261125

Abstract

Abstract. Suryanah S, Hernaman I, Mansyur, Karuniawan A, Ruswandi D. 2025. Vegetation composition and diversity in the habitats of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) in West Java highlands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5659-5670. Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) has the potential to be developed as pasture to feed livestock, yet it has the risk to be invasive, which might threaten native biodiversity. This study aimed to explore the ecology of Kikuyu grass in its habitats in highland areas across West Java, Indonesia. Vegetation analysis was conducted to examine the composition, structure, and diversity of plant communities in several of its habitats, thereby providing data on the vegetation coexisting with Kikuyu grass to infer whether this grass is invasive. A nested sample plot method was used to calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) of all species and the biodiversity indicators for each plant habitus. The exploration recorded 18 accessions of Kikuyu grass in the highland areas (>1,000 m asl) in the districts of Bandung, West Bandung, Garut, and Subang. A total of 3,474 herbaceous plants (58 species, 19 families), 207 shrubs (20 species, 14 families), and 133 trees (11 species, 8 families) were recorded across the studied sites. The highest IVI for herbaceous species was Axonopus compressus (30.44%), shrub species was Chromolaena odorata (27.87%), and tree species was Pinus merkusii (117.49%). Analysis of biodiversity indices revealed that the research locations exhibited considerable floristic diversity (H′: 1.79-2.90), with a high evenness index (E: 0.71-0.85) and low dominance (D: 0.09-0.22) for all plant habitus. The species richness for herbaceous habitus was classified in the high category (R: 6.99), the moderate category (R: 3.56) for shrub habitus, and the low category (R: 2.04) for tree habitus. The highlands of Bandung District have an ideal ecological condition and vegetation community structure to support the natural growth of Kikuyu grass, characterized by balanced, stable, and species-rich vegetation. The study found that Kikuyu grass did not outcompete local species, indicating minimal ecological risks. These findings help identify suitable habitats for Kikuyu grass cultivation and provide valuable vegetation data for forage development efforts.
Habitat-based spatial prediction of human-elephant conflict risk in Minas, Riau, Indonesia FADHIL NAUVALDY SYAHRAN; DEDE AULIA RAHMAN; YANTO SANTOSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260919

Abstract

Abstract. Syahran FN, Rahman DA, Santosa Y. 2025. Habitat-based spatial prediction of human-elephant conflict risk in Minas, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4465-4478. Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) presents a pressing threat to the endangered Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Riau, Indonesia. This study utilized Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling to predict HEC risk zones in Minas, focusing on a small subpopulation of 11 GPS-collared elephants. Conflict occurrence data from 2020-2022 were compiled from validated reports by the Riau Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BBKSDA) and Global Positioning System (GPS) movement records. Fourteen environmental variables were initially considered, and multicollinearity analysis reduced these to eleven key predictors. MaxEnt was run using 25 cross-validation replicates, achieving excellent performance (AUC: 0.958). Proximity to open land (40.9% contribution), industrial forest plantations (22.8%), settlements (9.2%), roads (8.8%), and oil palm plantations (8.3%) emerged as the strongest predictors. Conflict probability peaked within 0-2 km of anthropogenic features, confirming the critical role of disturbed habitats. High- to very-high-risk zones (>70% probability) covered 19.94 km² (1.76% of the landscape) and were identified as priority areas for intervention, while a moderate-risk zone of 221.32 km² (19.48%) requires targeted monitoring. Low and minimal-risk zones dominated, spanning over 1,000 km² (>80%). These spatial predictions offer actionable insights for conservation planning by directly linking risk zones to mitigation needs. Strategies such as establishing buffer crops, strengthening community-based patrols, and developing early warning systems should be prioritized in high-risk areas. At the same time, habitat connectivity and ecological restoration are crucial for mitigating long-term conflict pressure. Overall, this study advances HEC modeling in Sumatra by combining empirical conflict records with predictive mapping, offering a practical framework to guide evidence-based management and promote human-elephant coexistence in fragmented tropical landscapes.
DNA barcoding of 19 Lutjanus species to support fisheries management in the Bird’s Head Seascape, Papua, Indonesia ABDUL HAMID A. TOHA; EMMANUEL MANANGKALANGI; BAYU PRANATA; MUHAMMAD DAILAMI; ANTAJALA R. MAULANA; DESTIA F. ARIYANI; MARTHIN D. T. GRATIA; RAKHMAD N. PRATAMA; SHINTA E. NURCAHYANI; SINDI MILANSAR; JENI JENI; RADWA F. H. PUTRI; ZETH PARINDING; ESIE M. WANGI; ANDI FAJERIANI WYRASTI; CORAZON E. M. P. MAYOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261042

Abstract

Abstract. Toha AHA, Manangkalangi E, Pranata B, Dailami M, Maulana AR, Ariyani DF, Gratia MDT, Pratama RN, Nurcahyani SE, Milansari S, Jeni, Putri RFH, Parinding Z, Wangi EM, Wyrasti AF, Mayor CEMP. 2025. DNA barcoding of 19 Lutjanus species to support fisheries management in the Bird’s Head Seascape, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5287-5302. Red snapper species (family Lutjanidae) are economically important reef fishes traded at local, national, and international levels. However, species-level taxonomic resolution and conservation assessments remain limited in the Bird’s Head Seascape (BHS) region of West Papua, Indonesia. This study applied DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to assess Lutjanus species diversity and distribution within the Kaimana and Fakfak Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). A total of 77 specimens were successfully sequenced, resulting in a barcoding success rate of 100%. Nineteen species were identified: Lutjanus argentimaculatus, L. bengalensis, L. biguttatus, L. bohar, L. decussatus, L. ehrenbergii, L. erythropterus, L. fulviflamma, L. fulvus, L. gibbus, L. quinquelineatus, L. lemniscatus, L. malabaricus, L. monostigma, L. rufolineatus, L. russellii, L. sebae, L. timoriensis, and L. vitta. Thirteen species were recorded in Fakfak and twelve in Kaimana, with several species unique to each MPA. No genetic differences were observed among individuals within the same species. In contrast, the genetic distance between different species ranged from 2.8% to 19.3%. A total of nineteen monophyletic groups were recovered in the NJ phylogenetic trees, which were supported by high bootstrap values (91-100%). Lutjanus decussatus formed two subgroups in the phylogenetic trees. All identified species are currently listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN, though population trends for most remain unknown, and some are declining. These findings demonstrate the utility of DNA barcoding for accurate species identification in data-poor tropical regions and provide a genetic baseline for future monitoring efforts. The confirmed presence of commercially exploited and potentially declining species underscores the need for site-specific fishery assessments and adaptive management strategies. Integrating molecular tools into routine monitoring can enhance enforcement of species-based catch limits and support sustainable fisheries management within Indonesia’s MPAs.

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