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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Public perception and behavior toward butterfly diversity and benefits in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia NURULLIA FITRIANI; BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT; WAWAN HERMAWAN; JOHAN ISKANDAR; MUHAMAD AZAHAR ABAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261024

Abstract

Abstract. Fitriani N, Supangkat B, Hermawan W, Iskandar J, Abas MA. 2025. Public perception and behavior toward butterfly diversity and benefits in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5089-5108. Butterflies, with their ecological, cultural, and economic benefits, yet public understanding of their roles in Indonesia remains limited. This study assessed community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) toward butterflies in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A mixed-method approach was applied through structured and semi-structured interviews with 100 respondents, complemented by butterfly diversity surveys across 31 urban-to-rural transects. The quantitative data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho and Chi-square tests (N: 100, p<0.05), while qualitative interview data were examined through the SAMMSA framework. Butterfly diversity observations were analyzed descriptively. The result showed that knowledge levels were low (32%), moderate (41%), and high (27%). Attitudes were very positive (64%), moderately positive (33%), and negative (3%). Behaviors were largely pro-conservation (89%), with 8% moderately supportive and 3% low. Age (?: 0.285, p: 0.004) and education (?: 0.292, p: 0.003) were found to correlate positively with knowledge, while occupation significantly influenced attitudes (?²: 41.07, p: 0.008, V: 0.453) and behaviors (?²: 37.82, p: 0.019, V: 0.435). Knowledge did not predict behavior, but attitudes strongly did (?: 0.520, p<0.001, ?: 0.48, R²: 0.395). Field sampling recorded 87 species in five families, dominated by Nymphalidae, with kukupu coklat (brown butterflies) representing the largest folk category. The findings indicate that positive attitudes, more than factual knowledge, drive butterfly conservation behavior. Strengthening conservation in urban areas, therefore, requires experiential learning, cultural integration, and curriculum-based education to foster lasting community engagement in biodiversity protection.
Indonesian honey bioactivity profile linking composition to antioxidant and antibacterial potency ACHMAD GUS FAHMI; AKHMAD ENDANG ZAINAL HASAN; NOVRIYANDI HANIF; YAYA RUKAYADI; KHOZIRAH SHAARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261015

Abstract

Abstract. Fahmi AG, Hasan AEZ, Hanif N, Rukayadi Y, Shaari K. 2025. Indonesian honey bioactivity profile linking composition to antioxidant and antibacterial potency. Biodiversitas 26: 4991-5002. Indonesian honey, sourced from diverse tropical flora, is valued for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, yet comparative multi-parameter studies are limited. This study evaluates five Indonesian honey types (Akasia/Acacia carpa honey, Rambutan/Nephelium lappaceum honey, Randu/Ceiba pentandra honey, Flores honey, and Kelulut honey) for physicochemical traits, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi. Physicochemical analysis determined pH, moisture, ash, and color. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured spectrophotometrically. Bioactives were identified via LC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging and antibacterial efficacy was tested using disk diffusion. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). All samples adhered Codex and SNI (RSNI3 8664:2024) quality standards. Flores honey had the highest TPC (4526.12 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (3810.96 QE/100 g), yielding superior antioxidant activity (IC??: 2.11±0.03 mg/mL). Kelulut honey showed the strongest antibacterial effect (inhibition zone: 13.50 mm against E. coli and 9.42 mm against Salmonella Typhi), linked to amino acids (L-proline, leucine) and phenolic acids (caffeic, quercetin). PCA revealed distinct clustering by bioactive profile: phenolic/flavonoid-rich honeys (e.g., Flores honey) aligned with antioxidant potency, while amino acid-rich honeys (e.g., Kelulut honey) correlated with antibacterial activity. Indonesian honey exhibits diverse and potent bioactivities, surpassing or matching Southeast Asian and Manuka honeys in key metrics. Flores honey represents a promising dietary antioxidant source, while Kelulut honey shows potential for antimicrobial applications such as topical formulations. Future work should isolate and characterize specific bioactives to support functional food and therapeutic development.
Mapping seagrass distribution in Gili Mantra National Conservation Area, Indonesia, using Sentinel 2A imagery KHAIRUL JAMIL; MOHAMMAD ROIN NAJIH; HAWATI HAWATI; YAKUB SULEMAN; MUSTAFA MUSTAFA; AWALUDDIN AWALUDDIN; NUR RAHMANIAR; NUR AISYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260907

Abstract

Abstract. Jamil K, Najih MR, Hawati, Suleman Y, Mustafa, Awaluddin, Rahmaniar N, Aisyah N. 2025. Mapping seagrass distribution in Gili Mantra National Conservation Area, Indonesia, using Sentinel 2A imagery. Biodiversitas 26: 4324-4333. Indonesia, an archipelagic country dominated by coastal areas, possesses high biodiversity and abundant natural resources. Among these, seagrass ecosystems play a vital ecological role by providing habitat, supporting marine biodiversity, and stabilizing coastal sediments. Gili Trawangan Island, located in North Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, is surrounded by extensive seagrass beds. However, increasing anthropogenic activities have altered environmental conditions, leading to reduced water quality and degradation of coastal ecosystems, including seagrass habitats. This study aimed to assess the distribution and composition of seagrass beds on Gili Trawangan Island over the past two years. Field surveys were conducted from January to March 2024 using a quadrat-transect method, with 100 m transect lines laid perpendicular to the coastline and sampling performed with 50×50 cm2 frames at 10 m intervals. Satellite imagery from Sentinel-2A was also processed to complement field observations. Three seagrass species were recorded: Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, and Halodule pinifolia. Cymodocea rotundata showed the highest density at all four sampling stations, whereas T. hemprichii exhibited the lowest. Seagrass coverage declined markedly from approximately 75 ha in 2022 to 44 ha in 2023. These findings provide essential baseline information for the sustainable conservation and management of seagrass ecosystems in Gili Trawangan.
Mitochondrial phylogeny and genetic diversity of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota) from the Brantas River, Indonesia ELOK AMALIA; IFA SUFAICHUSAN; MUHAMMAD DAILAMI; ABD RAHEM FAQIH; MAHENO SRI WIDODO; DEWA GEDE RAKA WIADNYA; WAHYU ENDRA KUSUMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261128

Abstract

Abstract. Amalia E, Sufaichusan I, Dailami M, Faqih AR, Widodo MS, Wiadnya DGR, Kusuma WE. 2025. Mitochondrial phylogeny and genetic diversity of Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota) from the Brantas River, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5694-5702. Hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota), a native freshwater fish species in the Brantas River, East Java, is currently under severe threat due to intense fishing and environmental perturbations. The urgency of this situation necessitates the immediate implementation of effective genetic management and conservation programs, which rely on basic scientific information such as genetic characterization. This study aimed to assess the phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of H. macrolepidota using a 1,095 bp sequence of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b from 23 individuals collected across four sampling locations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that H. macrolepidota from the Brantas River clustered together and formed a single group with very shallow genetic divergence. Population structure analyses (both ?st and AMOVA) showed high gene flow and an absence of significant genetic clustering, suggesting the sampled area constitutes a single, interconnected population unit. The combination of high haplotype diversity (hd: 0.714-1.000) but low nucleotide diversity (?: 0.00156-0.00728), along with the negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs values, suggested that the species has likely experienced a bottleneck effect followed by a rapid expansion in the past. This decline of genetic diversity points to a reduced long-term adaptive potential, causing the species to be highly vulnerable to future environmental changes, despite its current abundance. The results highlight the urgent need for effective genetic management and conservation programs for the species to focus on maintaining genetic connectivity and minimizing anthropogenic pressures to preserve the genetic integrity and long-term viability of the population. Future studies incorporating nuclear or genome-wide markers would provide finer resolution of population structure and complement the mitochondrial data presented here.
New COI records of Myripristis kuntee (Pisces: Holocentridae) from Indonesia and preliminary genetic comparison with Asian public sequences NADYA TIRTA; ESSY HARNELLY; RANIA FERANITA FACHRI; PUTRI KHAIRANI AMALIA SIREGAR; NANDA MUHAMMAD RAZI; NANDA ULFA KHAIRA; MUTIA RAMADHANIATY; SRI RISKA RAHAYU; NURLITA PUTRI ANGGRAINI; RAISSHA AMANDA SIREGAR; ADRIAN DAMORA; NUR FADLI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270530

Abstract

Abstract. Tirta N, Harnelly E, Fachri RF, Siregar PKA, Razi NM, Khaira NU, Ramadhaniaty M, Rahayu SR, Anggraini NP, Siregar RA, Damora A, Fadli N. 2026. New COI records of Myripristis kuntee (Pisces: Holocentridae) from Indonesia and preliminary genetic comparison with Asian public sequences. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270530. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270530. Shoulderbar soldierfish (Myripristis kuntee) is a reef-associated fish of ecological and economic importance widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific. However, molecular data for this species in Indonesian waters remain limited. This study provides the first cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) based genetic record of M. kuntee from Indonesia and provides a preliminary genetic comparison with publicly available Asian sequences. Five specimens were collected in July 2024 from fishermen at a fish landing site in Ujung Pancu, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. A total of 27 mitochondrial COI sequences were analyzed, including five newly generated samples and 22 sequences retrieved from GenBank (Philippines, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, and India). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA, haplotype analyses were conducted in DnaSP, and genetic diversity indices were calculated using ARLEQUIN. Fifteen haplotypes were identified across six populations. The Philippines exhibited high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.924; π = 0.025), while Indonesia showed moderate haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.700; π = 0.002), and Bangladesh exhibited no detectable variation. Genetic distances ranged from 0.002 between Indonesia and China to 0.219 between the Philippines and Bangladesh, suggesting close affinity between Indonesian and Chinese sequences but substantial mitochondrial divergence among some regional samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters: China, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Taiwan grouped together, suggesting a close mitochondrial relationship, whereas Bangladesh clustered with one Indian sequence. These findings establish baseline COI barcode data for M. kuntee from Indonesia and provide preliminary insights into regional mitochondrial variation, although broader and more balanced sampling is required to confirm these patterns.
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Schistosoma japonicum in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using COI gene SUTRISNAWATI SUTRISNAWATI; ACHMAD RAMADHAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260833

Abstract

Abstract. Sutrisnawati, Ramadhan A. 2025. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Schistosoma japonicum in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using COI gene. Biodiversitas 26: 4042-4047. Schistosomiasis, an endemic disease in several tropical regions, including Indonesia, is caused by Schistosoma japonicum, making its early detection crucial for controlling the spread. Molecular detection using the Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (COI) gene not only aids in diagnosing infections but also contributes to environmental DNA (eDNA) studies by detecting parasite DNA from environmental samples such as water or soil. This study aimed to detect Schistosoma japonicum in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, using the COI gene as the molecular target. Fecal samples from individuals suspected of infection were collected from various endemic regions in the area. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique successfully amplified a 585 bp fragment of the COI gene, considered both sensitive and specific for S. japonicum detection. Out of the five samples analyzed, a number tested positive, and the resulting amplicons showed 99.21-99.52% sequence similarity with S. japonicum sequences in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis placed these isolates within a well-supported clade together with S. japonicum from other parts of Indonesia and neighboring countries, confirming their close evolutionary relationship. Minor nucleotide variations were observed, suggesting potential local adaptations that may have epidemiological relevance. These results confirm the presence of S. japonicum in Central Sulawesi and demonstrate the utility of the COI gene in both detection and genetic characterization. The findings also highlight the value of incorporating molecular data into schistosomiasis surveillance to improve risk mapping, guide intervention priorities, and monitor possible drug resistance emergence. This approach complements traditional diagnostic methods, which often have reduced sensitivity in light infections. In conclusion, the COI gene provides a reliable tool for identifying and understanding the genetic diversity of S. japonicum in Indonesia. Future research should expand sample sizes and geographic coverage to further elucidate the population structure of S. japonicum and support more targeted, sustainable schistosomiasis control strategies locally and globally.
Habitat heterogeneity drives fern species diversity in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines using Hill numbers MA. ANELI A. LANZADERAS; MERI JOYCE SALDOM; ANGELICA P. BALDOS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270237

Abstract

Abstract. Lanzaderas MAA, Saldom MJ, Baldos AP. 2026. Habitat heterogeneity drives fern species diversity in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines using Hill numbers. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270237. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270237. Ferns are ecologically vital components of tropical ecosystems, yet remain underrepresented in biodiversity assessments. This study applied the Hill numbers framework to evaluate the α-diversity of ferns across four habitat types: forest area, hilly terrain, open area, and riparian zone in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines. A total of 24 plots (10 m x 10 m each) were established, with three quadrats per habitat type in each barangay, covering an aggregate area of 2,400 m2. From these plots, we recorded 2,033 individual ferns representing 19 species. Species richness (q = 0) was highest in hilly terrain (13 species), followed by forest area (10), riparian zone (10), and open area (6). At q = 1 and q = 2, the effective numbers of species indicated comparable diversity between hilly terrain, forest area, and riparian zone, while open area showed significantly lower evenness and dominance (p<0.05). Nephrolepis cordifolia and Christella acuminata were the most widespread and abundant taxa, whereas Diplazium esculentum occurred exclusively in riparian zone, underscoring microhabitat specificity. The application of Hill numbers provided a more comprehensive and scale-independent understanding of fern diversity than traditional indices, capturing differences in both species richness and evenness. These findings emphasize that structurally and topographically complex habitats sustain higher effective species numbers. The study advocates prioritizing heterogeneous landscapes in conservation and restoration programs to enhance ecological resilience and safeguard fern diversity in fragmented tropical forests.
Habitat-driven variation in amino and fatty acid profiles of Rabbitfish from the Makassar Strait and Gulf of Bone, Sulawesi, Indonesia IRMAN HALID; ARHAM RUSLI; PATAHIRUDDIN PATAHIRUDDIN; SISWATI SISWATI; MARHAYANA SYARIFUDDIN; WITNO WITNO; RIHADATUL AISYA AR RAZAK; IKBAL SYUKRONI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261003

Abstract

Abstract. Halid I, Rusli A, Patahiruddin, Siswati, Syarifuddin M, Witno, Ar Razak RA, Syukroni I. 2025. Habitat-driven variation in amino and fatty acid profiles of Rabbitfish from the Makassar Strait and Gulf of Bone, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4865-4873. This study aimed to determine the amino and fatty acid profiles of Rabbitfish (Siganus spp.) inhabiting different marine environments, specifically the Makassar Strait and the Gulf of Bone, Indonesia. Samples were collected from four locations: Balang Lompo Island, Panikiang Island, Karang-Karangan, and Batu Lotong waters. Freshly caught specimens were transported to the laboratory in ice-cooled containers to maintain sample integrity before preparation and biochemical analysis. To assess the effect of habitat, the amino acid and fatty acid compositions of rabbitfish muscle tissues were quantified, and the data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The results revealed significant habitat-driven variation, with rabbitfish collected from Panikiang Island exhibiting the most complete and diverse amino acid profile. Both essential and non-essential amino acids showed significant differences compared to the other three sites, except for glycine and cysteine, which remained relatively consistent. Similarly, the fatty acid profiles of Panikiang Island samples were more comprehensive, with higher concentrations and diversity than those of fish from Balang Lompo, Karang-Karangan, and Batu Lotong. These findings demonstrate that habitat characteristics play an important role in shaping the biochemical composition of rabbitfish, providing valuable insights into ecological adaptation, nutritional quality, and potential implications for fisheries management and aquaculture development.
Vegetation analysis and culturable endophytic fungal associations in agarwood from different forest types in Marumana, Papua, Indonesia YENNY YENDRI SALOSA; TUTIK KUSWINANTI; INDAH RAYA; EKO AGUS MARTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261004

Abstract

Abstract. Salosa YY, Kuswinanti T, Raya I, Martanto EA. 2025. Vegetation analysis and culturable endophytic fungal associations in agarwood from different forest types in Marumana, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4874-4885. Aquilaria filaria is a tree species valued for producing agarwood, a resinous heartwood formed in response to pathogenic fungal infections. Despite its ecological and economic significance, detailed studies on the habitat ecology of A. filaria in Papua remain scarce. This study investigated variation in vegetation stands containing A. filaria and identified pathogenic fungi associated with its infection. Fieldwork was conducted from January to March 2023 across 40 plots (50 × 50 m) established along two 1-km transects designed to capture gradients of human disturbance. Vegetation was surveyed using the Braun-Blanquet method and analyzed by TWINSPAN classification. Fungal isolation from infected stems (50% of representative A. filaria trees per plot) employed a modified direct-plating method on half-strength potato dextrose agar, with taxonomic identification based on morphological keys. A total of 97 plant species and 198 A. filaria individuals were recorded, yielding 600 wood fragments across three disturbance gradients. Dominant families included Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae. Pathogenicity tests revealed four major fungal genera: Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus niger. Colonization rates increased from 70% in undisturbed to 90% in heavily disturbed sites, while fungal load, expressed as colony counts per fragment, rose from 1.76 to 2.96 across the same gradient. Diversity, measured by the Shannon-Wiener Index, declined from 1.08 in undisturbed to 0.68 and 0.67 in moderately and highly disturbed sites, respectively. These findings provide new insights into how forest disturbance reshapes vegetation structure and fungal assemblages in A. filaria habitats, highlighting the need to preserve forest complexity while balancing ecological resilience with economic goals.
Soil respiration and microbial communities across different farming management of shaded coffee and pines on agroforestry system CAHYO PRAYOGO; NOVI ARFARITA; FITRIANA LUTHFININGSIH; NURULITA FAJRINA; NAYLIL AULA SHOLIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270205

Abstract

Abstract. Prayogo C, Arfarita N, Luthfiningsih F, Fajrina N, Sholih NA. 2026. Soil respiration and microbial communities across different farming management of shaded coffee and pines on agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270205. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270205. Small-scale shaded coffee and pine agroforestry has been recognized to have some advantages in ecological but it is vulnerable to climate change and yields sustainability. This study aimed to examine the impact of contrasting farmer management on soil properties, microbial respiration, and microbial structure and activities. The design of the experiment was a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of four contrasting farming management systems (LC, MC, HC, and BAU plots), consisted of three blocks of different position of sampling (zona A: 0.5 cm from coffee, B: 0.5 cm from pine, and C: in between coffee and pine stand, treated as nested sample), was within the size of 20 x 20 m, with 3 replicates in separate blocks, resulting 36 plots in total. Variables were measured: (soil C, N, C/N ratio, MBC, total/functional bacteria, respiration, coffee and pine litter, tree population, coffee production, and litter input). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by DMRT (5%), and multivariate PCA, which were employed to group the treatments based on selected variables. The results showed that the HC plot, with the highest coffee population, produced the highest canopy cover, litter input, and the lowest soil pH, but it provided the largest total bacterial population and greatest soil respiration and MBC, which was significantly different from other plots. The least pine population at BAU plots increases soil C and N, contains 2 x higher N-fixing bacteria than treatment, and produces the greatest coffee yields. PCA revealed that there was a strong relationship between soil respiration and total soil bacteria population, soil MBC, soil C/N ratio and pine litter, significantly separating the different farmer management.

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