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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Woody angiosperm diversity and indigenous conservation in Ghimbo Pomuan Sacred Forest, Kampar, Riau Province, Indonesia HIKMAH HIDAYAH; FRIDA KUNTI SETIOWATI; FAJAR ADINUGRAHA; SITI ZUBAIDAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261226

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayah H, Setiowati FK, Adinugraha F, Zubaidah S. 2025. Woody angiosperm diversity and indigenous conservation in Ghimbo Pomuan Sacred Forest, Kampar, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6240-6251. Woody angiosperms are the dominant component of tropical forest biodiversity, with important ecological, cultural, and economic roles. However, their conservation remains challenging, particularly in sacred forests managed under customary systems that are underdocumented in scientific literature. The Ghimbo Pomuan Sacred Forest in Kampar, Riau Province, Indonesia, offers an opportunity to explore the biocultural relationships between people and woody plant species. This study aimed to document woody angiosperm diversity in the Ghimbo Pomuan Sacred Forest and examine indigenous conservation practices at the forest level. Field exploration combined vegetation sampling in 35 plots (20 x 20 m) and semi-structured interviews with indigenous elders. We recorded 30 woody angiosperm species from 18 families, with Myrtaceae and Dipterocarpaceae being the most dominant. Species diversity was moderate (H′ = 2.637-2.915), with 24 genera and several species holding global conservation concern, such as Rubroshorea uliginosa (Endangered), Rubroshorea balangeran (Vulnerable), and Madhuca ovata (Critically Endangered). Indigenous management practices include customary prohibitions, collective governance (sekepomuan), and sanctions for violating these rules. Particular species, such as Syzygium spp. and Gluta renghas, were protected for both ecological and spiritual reasons, supporting natural regeneration and forest succession. This study underscores the importance of incorporating indigenous knowledge into conservation policies and reaffirms the significance of sacred forests as vital refuges for biodiversity.
First record and potential biocontrol implication of Beauveria bassiana infecting Lema yerburyi on Vanda tricolor from Bali, Indonesia I PUTU SUDIARTA; DEWA AYU PUTU KANIANITA SANJAYA; SHAH MAHAPATI DINARKAYA; GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA WIRYA; I WAYAN DIKSA GARGITA; I KADEK WISMA YUDHA; IDA AYU PUTRI DARMAWATI; YUYUN FITRIANI; I MADE ARIMBAWA; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA; RINDANG DWIYANI; NOR KARTINI ABU BAKAR; YUSMIN MOHD-YUSUF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261133

Abstract

Abstract. Sudiarta IP, Sanjaya DAPK, Dinarkaya SM, Wirya GNAS, Gargita IWD, Yudha IKW, Darmawati IAP, Fitriani Y, Arimbawa IM, Selangga DGW, Dwiyani R, Bakar NKA, Mohd-Yusuf Y. 2025. First record and potential biocontrol implication of Beauveria bassiana infecting Lema yerburyi on Vanda tricolor from Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5755-5762. The application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria sp. for biological control has emerged as a viable solution to the problem of excessive insecticide application. Morphological and molecular identification targeting the amplification range of 500-600 bp for entomopathogenic fungal rDNA and 700 bp for insect COI. Pathogenic tests through Koch's postulates, isolated and cultured using Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) media. The results of the identification of the orchid beetle were identified as Lema yerburyi, and the common name "Orchid lema" was proposed to distinguish it from other orchid beetle pests. Macroscopic identification showed that the isolate Beauveria sp. has a white colony color, with a pale-yellow underside, aseptate hyphae and conidia, with conidia arranged in chains on conidiophores that show a zigzag pattern. Molecular analysis of Beauveria sp. isolates targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region produced a DNA fragment of ~577 bp. Phylogenetic tree construction showed that this isolate grouped with B. bassiana from Malaysia. This study aimed to identify and confirm the entomopathogenic fungus naturally infecting L. yerburyi in Bali, and to evaluate its potential as a biological control agent. This finding expands the known host range of B. bassiana and provides a scientific basis for its potential application in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for orchids. Future studies should evaluate field efficacy, optimize formulation, and assess its compatibility with existing cultural and biological practices to advance sustainable orchid production.
First chloroplast genome of Scleropyrum wallichianum (Cervantesiaceae) insights into phylogeny and conservation THUY LIEN BUI; LINYUE HE; WYCKLIFFE OMONDI OMOLLO; SHENGDAN WU; BA CUONG CAO; XUAN THANH NGUYEN; XUAN THANH TRINH; PHI BANG CAO; NGAN THI LU; CHI TOAN LE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261134

Abstract

Abstract. Bui TL, He L, Omollo WO, Wu S, Cao BC, Nguyen XT, Trinh XT, Cao PB, Lu NT, Le CT. 2025. First chloroplast genome of Scleropyrum wallichianum (Cervantesiaceae) insights into phylogeny and conservation. Biodiversitas 26: 5763-5769. Scleropyrum wallichianum, a member of the family Cervantesiaceae (order Santalales), is distributed across Southeast Asia and China. The species is economically significant due to its seed oil, which is used in the production of lubricants and soap. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of S. wallichianum was sequenced and analyzed to clarify its phylogenetic position within Santalales and to support conservation efforts. A leaf sample was collected from the Me Linh Station for Biodiversity in northern Vietnam. The genome was sequenced using the DNBSEQ-T7 platform, assembled with GetOrganelle, and annotated with CPGAVAS2, with manual correction of ambiguous regions performed in Apollo. The circular plastome was visualized using OrganellarGenomeDRAW. The assembled chloroplast genome, representing the first complete sequence reported for S. wallichianum, provides a valuable genomic resource for molecular systematics, evolutionary genomics, and conservation genetics of Cervantesiaceae and the order Santalales. The plastome exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with a total length of 149,066 bp and a GC content of 38.3%, comprising a Large Single-Copy (LSC) region of 85,000 bp, a Small Single-Copy (SSC) region of 18,500 bp, and two Inverted Repeats (IRs) of 22,783 bp each. Phylogenomic reconstruction based on 80 shared coding genes strongly supports S. wallichianum as a distinct clade within Cervantesiaceae, sister to Opiliaceae. This newly characterized plastome enriches the genomic resources available for the genus Scleropyrum and enhances understanding of the evolutionary history, taxonomy, and conservation genetics of Cervantesiaceae and related parasitic lineages within Santalales.
Bacterial diversity and antibacterial activity of fermented buni fruit (Antidesma bunius) kombucha OKTIRA ROKA AJI; TRIANIK WIDYANINGRUM; PUTRI NABELA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260811

Abstract

Abstract. Aji OR, Widyaningrum T, Nabela P. 2025. Bacterial diversity and antibacterial activity of fermented buni fruit (Antidesma bunius) kombucha. Biodiversitas 26: 3781-3790. Kombucha is a fruit-based fermented beverage with a number of health benefits. Fruit-based substrates can enhance their nutritional value and microbial diversity. This study aimed to characterise the bacterial diversity and antibacterial activity of kombucha produced from buni (Antidesma bunius) fruits. Buni kombucha was fermented statically for 7, 14, and 21 days, and bacterial diversity was analysed by 16S rRNA (V3-V4) amplicon sequencing using the SILVA database. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis using the agar well diffusion method. Metagenomic analysis revealed Komagataeibacter (~80%) as the dominant genus, while low-abundance taxa such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Bifidobacterium were detected; trace gut-associated genera (e.g., Bacteroides, Prevotella) likely originated from the pectin-rich substrate. Antibacterial activity increased significantly with fermentation time (p<0.05), with the strongest inhibition after 21 days: 13.83 ± 0.29?mm (S. aureus), 13.70 ± 0.61?mm (P. aeruginosa), 12.23 ± 0.25?mm (B. subtilis), and 10.77 ± 0.70?mm (E. coli). These results demonstrate that buni kombucha harbours a diverse microbiota and exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, supporting its potential as a postbiotic-rich functional beverage derived from local tropical fruits.
Isolation and selection of nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacteria from vegetable crops NGUYEN PHUONG THUY; NGUYEN THANH TUU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261001

Abstract

Abstract. Thuy NP, Tuu NT. 2025. Isolation and selection of nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacteria from vegetable crops. Biodiversitas 26: 4841-4850. Intensive vegetable cultivation in Vietnam's Mekong Delta heavily relies on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, causing significant environmental issues. The aim of this study was to identify indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria as sustainable biofertilizers, emphasizing their crucial role in enhancing soil health and agro-biodiversity. Rhizospheric soils were collected from 17 local vegetable species, isolating 36 distinct bacterial strains. Initial characterization revealed a numerical dominance of Gram-positive bacteria (>83%), reflecting adaptation to Tra Vinh's unique conditions, and included a filamentous Actinobacteria isolate. The functionally potent Gram-negative isolates exhibited morphological and biochemical characteristics consistent with genera, such as Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Dyella. Nitrogen fixation screening via micro-Kjeldahl showed activity from 5.89 mg/L to 24.59 mg/L NH4+. Five elite strains, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Stenotrophomonas sp. SM9.2, Achromobacter sp. IB1.2, Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis SM18.2, Achromobacter sp. SM9.1, and Dyella sp. SM18.3, demonstrated the highest nitrogen fixation rates. Laboratory bioassays with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) confirmed significant plant growth promotion. Notably, Stenotrophomonas sp. SM9.2 increased fresh biomass by 27.7% and shoot length by 16.6%, while Achromobacter sp. IB1.2 improved seed germination by 9.9%. These findings highlight promising candidates for local biofertilizer production and underscore the importance of leveraging indigenous microbial biodiversity for sustainable farming solutions.
Companion flowering plants enhance the preference and fitness of Trichogramma sp. in biological control MUHAMMAD USMAN; WILDAN MUHLISON; IRWANTO SUCIPTO; HARI PURNOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261126

Abstract

Abstract. Usman M, Muhlison W, Sucipto I, Purnomo H. 2025. Companion flowering plants enhance the preference and fitness of Trichogramma sp. in biological control. Biodiversitas 26: 5671-5678. Trichogramma sp. is a polyphagous egg parasitoid widely applied in biological control of lepidopteran pests. Its performance in the field depends on floral resources that provide nutrition. Flowering plants provide nectar, pollen, and odor that influence the behavior of parasitoids. Identifying compatible flowering plants will be essential for enhancing the efficacy of Trichogramma sp. This study aims to determine the preferences and fitness of Trichogramma sp. on eight flowering plants: Tagetes erecta, Arachis pintoi, Wedelia trilobita, Melampodium divaricatum, Lantana camara, Zinnia peruviana, Turnera subulata, and Turnera ulmifolia. The tests included an olfactory test using a Y-tube olfactometer and analyzed with a chi-square test, and a test of the effect of flowering plants on the fitness of Trichogramma sp. imagoes, analyzed with ANOVA. The olfactory test showed that Trichogramma sp. preferred A. pintoi, T. ulmifolia, and T. subulata. T. subulata can increase the longevity of males and females by 2.4 and 2.3 times, respectively. In contrast, T. ulmifolia can increase the longevity of males by 2.4 times and females by 1.8 times compared to the negative control. Both species can also increase total fecundity and imago emergence. These findings indicate that T. subulata and T. ulmifolia are promising flowering plants for improving Trichogramma sp. performance and can be used as companion plants in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) systems, strengthening the conservation of natural enemies and supporting long-term pest control strategies.
Moonlight-driven zooplankton migration shapes phytoplankton distribution in a tropical peatland pond EVI VERONICA; ARDIANOR ARDIANOR; SALAMPAK DOHONG; NATALINA ASI; AFENTINA AFENTINA; HANASIA HANASIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260944

Abstract

Abstract. Veronica E, Ardianor, Dohong S, Asi N, Afentina, Hanasia. 2025. Moonlight-driven zooplankton migration shapes phytoplankton distribution in a tropical peatland pond. Biodiversitas 26: 4746-4760. The interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton plays a vital role in regulating aquatic ecosystem dynamics. This study explored the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in relation to zooplankton abundance under varying lunar light conditions and assessed the influence of selected physicochemical parameters. The research was conducted in Beje Pond, Peat Techno Park (PTP), Universitas Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with sampling performed at seven depth intervals (0-180 cm) every three days over a one-month period. A total of 20 phytoplankton species were identified, with seven dominant taxa consistently observed: Chlamydomonas nivalis, Chlorogonium elongatum, Asterococcus superbus, Staurastrum tetracerum, Zygnema sp., Closterium praelongum, and Skeletonema costatum. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 810 to 2,232 cells/L, peaking during half-moon conditions. Zooplankton abundance reached a maximum of 765 ind/L during the ninth sampling under dim moonlight, with apparent temporal offset from phytoplankton peaks. This pattern suggests the possibility of zooplankton diel vertical migration modulated by lunar illumination. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that Dissolved Oxygen (DO), temperature, and pH together accounted for 84.6% of the environmental variance. Spearman correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between DO and phytoplankton abundance (r = 0.59), and between phytoplankton and zooplankton (r = 0.53). No significant correlations were observed between pH and phytoplankton or between DO and zooplankton. While patterns suggest possible vertical variation linked to diel cycles and lunar phase, these findings remain correlative. Further integrative studies are recommended to investigate the ecological mechanisms driving these distributions in tropical peatland waters.
Mangrove diversity and structure of Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia: Conserving forest patches in small island ecosystem MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; ALIFYA NADHIRA JASMINE; ANNAS TASYA WIDODO; ANDIK ISDIANTO; RIZKY RAFINALDO; HILMAN FAKHRUR ROZI; MUH FIRDAUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261047

Abstract

Abstract. Asadi MA, Jasmine AN, Widodo AT, Isdianto A, Rafinaldo R, Rozi HF, Firdaus M. 2025. Mangrove diversity and structure of Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia: Conserving forest patches in small island ecosystem. Biodiversitas 26: 5350-5359. Mangrove forests are vital coastal ecosystems, and in small island settings their conservation requires more attention including continuous assessment. This study investigated the diversity and structural characteristics of mangroves in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP), Indonesia, across zones and forest patches to extend beyond previous research. Field surveys in 39 plots (10 m × 10 m) across 13 locations on Karimunjawa and Kemujan Islands recorded 1,065 individuals from 15 species in eight families. Species density ranged from 5.13 ind./ha (Heritiera littoralis) to 1,230.77 ind./ha (Ceriops tagal), while basal area varied from 0.05 m²/ha (Bruguiera gymnorhiza) to 4.95 m²/ha (Rhizophora apiculata). Ceriops tagal had the highest importance value, followed by R. apiculata, Excoecaria agallocha, and Lumnitzera racemosa. Ecological indices showed moderate species diversity (Shannon–Wiener H’ = 1.73), relatively even distribution (Pielou’s J = 0.64), and low dominance (Simpson’s C = 0.26), indicating a mature and structurally balanced forest, although the community composition reflects dominance by a few key species with lower representation of rare taxa. The relatively high density of dominant species suggests successful regeneration yet highlights potential vulnerability if disturbances disproportionately affect these taxa. Mangroves in small islands setting in KNP are limited in area and highly sensitive to human pressures such as aquaculture and tourism. Safeguarding them is essential for ecosystem services and local livelihoods. Our findings provide baseline data to guide monitoring, zoning, and rare species protection, underscoring the need for integrated management to ensure long-term resilience.
Cellulolytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of chili basal stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici FARHANTYO FAUZAN DWINUGROHO; GIYANTO GIYANTO; EFI TODING TONDOK; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270109

Abstract

Abstract. Dwinugroho FF, Giyanto, Tondok ET, Nawangsih AA. 2026. Cellulolytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of chili basal stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270109. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270109. Phytophthora capsici is a major pathogen that causes severe yield losses in chili cultivation. Its cellulose-rich cell wall presents an opportunity for biocontrol using cellulolytic bacteria capable of degrading cellulose. This study aimed to isolate cellulolytic bacteria with antagonistic activity against P. capsici and to evaluate their effectiveness in managing basal stem rot in chili. A total of 279 bacterial isolates were collected from diverse natural sources, of which 72 exhibited cellulolytic activity, with cellulolytic indices ranging from 0.22 to 10.42. Pathogenicity screening through hypersensitivity and hemolysis assays identified 26 non-pathogenic isolates. These isolates inhibited P. capsici growth by 8.15 to 79.81%. Selection of promising isolates was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which considered both inhibition rate and plant growth-promoting traits (volatile organic compound [VOC] production, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] production, and siderophore production. Based on this evaluation, five isolates were selected: S55, S61, K15, S80, and FS28, with inhibition rates of 79.81, 69.26, 57.78, 46.85, and 40.37%, respectively. In vivo greenhouse assays showed that S55 and K15 provided the highest plant survival rates (86.67 and 75.56%, respectively), compared to 50% in the control. Molecular identification revealed that S55 and S61 were closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K15 to Proteus penneri, FS28 to Bacillus altitudinis, and S80 to Brevundimonas sp. These findings demonstrate the potential of cellulolytic bacteria as biocontrol agents against P. capsici, while also highlighting the functional diversity of isolates with plant growth-promoting traits. This diversity expands the pool of candidates for sustainable and targeted disease management strategies in chili cultivation.
Reproductive biology and seasonal dynamics of the peanut worm Antillesoma antillarum (Phascolosomatiformes: Phascolosomatidae) in Toronipa, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia BAHTIAR BAHTIAR; MUHAMMAD NUR FINDRA; AGUS KURNIA; YNGWY EZRA JIWANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261243

Abstract

Abstract. Bahtiar, Findra MN, Kurnia MA, Jiwani YE. 2025. Reproductive biology and seasonal dynamics of the peanut worm Antillesoma antillarum (Phascolosomatiformes: Phascolosomatidae) in Toronipa, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6458-6468. Antillesoma antillarum, commonly known as the peanut worm, is a benthic invertebrate with important ecological and economic roles in coastal ecosystems. However, the lack of reproductive biological data may threaten its sustainability under increasing harvesting pressure. This study examined seasonal variations in reproductive traits sex ratio, gonadal Maturity Level (GML), Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), fecundity, and size at first maturity (Lm₅₀) based on 688 specimens collected over 11 months from the Toronipa Coast, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Females slightly outnumbered males (374 vs. 314), but the sex ratio did not significantly differ from 1:1 (χ²: 5.23, p>0.05). Gonadal development followed four distinct maturity stages, with peak reproductive activity observed in November-December, when over 60% of individuals reached stages III-IV. GSI values followed a similar pattern, peaking at 6.42% before sharply declining post-spawning. The first maturity size (Lm₅₀) was estimated at 8.0 cm (R²: 0.9946), and fecundity ranged from 920 to 4,500 eggs, with the highest egg counts in individuals measuring 8.0-8.5 cm in length. Although seawater temperature remained stable (30-33°C), allowing gonadal development to occur year-round, elevated sediment organic matter (>3.5%) negatively affected GSI (R: -0.1196), suggesting that sediment quality does not directly influence gonadal development. These findings provide critical baseline data for reproductive-based management, supporting the implementation of size limits (≥8 cm) and seasonal harvest closures to ensure the sustainability of A. antillarum populations in tropical intertidal zones.

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