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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to rust disease (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) APRI SULISTYO; SUMARTINI SUMARTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170118

Abstract

Sulistyo A, Sumartini. 2016. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to rust disease (Phakopsora pachyrhizi).  Biodiversitas 17: 124-128. Pest and disease are one of limiting factor in soybean cultivation in Indonesia. One of the diseases that canreduce soybean production is rust diseases caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The use of resistant varieties can reduce yield losses dueto this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of soybean genotypes to rust disease and to study the interactionbetween agronomic traits with rust disease on soybean genotypes. This study was conducted at a screen house of the IndonesianLegumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)  in Malang, Indonesia from April to July 2015. A total of 10 soybean genotypesconsist of eight lines and two varieties (Argomulyo and Grobogan).  The experiment was arranged as randomized completely block design with four replications. Eachgenotype planted in five plastic pots for each replicate. Three weeks after planting, all plants were inoculated with rust disease.Inoculation was done by spraying a suspension of spores (spore density of 10 4 spore mL-1)  to the surface of leaves. Observations werecarried out on rust disease severity based on the method of International Working Group on Soybean Rust rating system, days toflowering, plant height, number of branches, number of fertile nodes, number of pods, and seed weight per plant. The results showedthat all genotypes classified as moderately resistant to rust disease. In this study, days to flowering and plant height influence thedevelopment of rust disease severity. There are three lines that have seed weight per plant significantly heavier than Argomulyo (4.97 g) and Grobogan (4.30 g), namely K/I100//B63///G-7 (6.55 g), K/I100//B63///G-8 (6.15 g), and I100/B54//A-5 (5.85 g). The high value of the scales of seed weight per plant for the three lines is supported by high-performance plants with a lot of number of fertile nodes and pods. These three soybean genotypes potentially serve as genetic material to develop high yielding soybean varieties and resistant to rust disease.
Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) infection and its effect to performance of South Korean soybean varieties SUTRISNO SUTRISNO; HERU KUSWANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170119

Abstract

Sutrisno, Kuswantoro H. 2016. Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) infection and its effect to performance of South Korean soybean varieties. Biodiversitas 17: 129-133. Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) is a very detrimental disease to soybean. This virus infection can cause yield reduction up to 56%. Introduction varieties can be served as alternative material in breeding program to develop resistant variety. This study aimed to evaluate the response of introduction soybean varieties from South Korea to the CpMMV infection. Ten South Korean soybean varieties and two check Indonesian soybean varieties were grown at ILETRI from August to November 2012. CpMMV infection was carried out by natural infection using whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmission. The results showed that the South Korean variety of Daemang-2 had lower leave malformation level than two Indonesian varieties. Varieties of Cheongja-3, Daemang, Daehwang, Daewon, Danweon, Geomjeong-3 Geonjeongsaeol produced grain yield that equal to Anjasmoro variety. Daepung was the most resistant to CpMMV than other varieties, but having low grain yield. Daemang-2 was the most tolerant to CpMMV, because it still able to produce high grain yield although showing high leaf infection. These two varieties could be used as gene sources for resistant/tolerant to CpMMV in soybean breeding program.
Screening of elite black soybean lines for resistance to rust disease, Phakopsora pachyrhizi AYDA KRISNAWATI; GATUT WAHYU A. S.; M. MUCHLISH ADE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170120

Abstract

risnawati A, Gatut-Wahyu AS, Adie MM. 2016. Screening of elite black soybean lines for resistance to rust disease, Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Biodiversitas 17: 134-139. Indonesian tropical climate is ideal for both of soybean growth and harmful disease development. Soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has been a serious disease in Indonesia and may have an impact on soybean production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of elite black soybean lines to rust disease. Agronomic characters (yield and yield component) were evaluated based on research conducted in 16 soybean production centers in Indonesia. The evaluation for rust resistance was conducted in Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institutes' greenhouse in 2011 using ten elite black soybean lines. The seed yield of ten black soybean lines grown in 16 locations ranged from 2.51-2.88 t/ha, with an average of 2.59 t/ha. The eight lines showed higher yield than check cultivar of Malika, whereas only one line (W9837 × Cikuray-66) had higher yield than check cultivar of Detam-1. Resistance reaction to rust disease fluctuates over time. Two elite lines of Cikuray × W9837-171 and Cikuray × W9837-184 showed a consistent resistance to P. pachyrhizi. W9837 × Cikuray-66 and check cultivar of Detam-1 consistently showed a moderately resistant. In the terms of agronomic aspects, W9837 × Cikuray-66, which has moderately resistant to P. pachyrhizi, produced the highest yield (2.88 t/ha). The both of resistant lines of Cikuray × W9837-171 and Cikuray × W9837-184 have early maturity, and medium seed size with yield 2.57 t/ha and 2.56 t/ha, respectively. The resistant and moderate lines with high yield, early maturing, and medium seed size found in this study playing an important role in the soybean varietal development program for rust resistance in Indonesia.
The recovery of Tabunio Watershed through enrichment planting using ecologically and economically valuable species in South Kalimantan, Indonesia SYARIFUDDIN KADIR; BADARUDDIN BADARUDDIN; NURLINA NURLINA; ICHSAN RIDWAN; FONNY RIANAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170121

Abstract

Kadir S, Badaruddin, Nurlina, Ridwan I, Rianawaty F. 2016. The recovery of Tabunio Watershed through enrichmentplanting using ecologically and economically valuable species in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 140-147. Watershed isa medium system where hydrological-biophysical processes as part of hydrological cycle and social, economic, and cultural events asthe results of human intervention on natural resource occur. The increasing human population results in the increasing need of water thatmay reduce the availability of water, causing environmental degradation. The objectives of this study were to study the characteristics ofTabunio watershed and to give recommendation on the enrichment planting for the watershed recovery. This study used watershedecological area approach and the data were analyzed spatially using GIS. The results showed that based on the characteristics of itscomponents, Tabunio Watershed was categorized as moderately to very highly qualified for recovery. The recovery should be donethrough:(i) enrichment planting based on the land capability, land suitability and the legal function of the area, (ii) conservation of soil and water using vegetative and civil engineering methods, and (iii) issuance of regulations to increase the watershed’s carrying capacity.
Conservation status of the Family Orchidaceae in Mt. Sinaka, Arakan, North Cotabato, Philippines CHERRY LEE T PANAL; JENNIFER G OPISO; GUILLER OPISO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160217

Abstract

Panal CLT, Opiso JG, Opiso G. 2015. Conservation status of the Family Orchidaceae in Mt. Sinaka, Arakan, NorthCotabato, Philippines. Biodiversitas 16: 213-224. This study determines the conservation status of the family Orchidaceae, as presenton Mt. Sinaka, Arakan, North Cotabato, Philippines. A thorough survey and alpha taxonomy was done, from base to peak of themountain. Identification of the specimens and assessment of their conservation status was based on the IUCN Red List of ThreatenedPlants 2013.2 and National List of Threatened Philippine Plants of Fernando et al. (2008). Based on the result conducted on October2013-March 2014, out of 59 identified species found in the area, 12 species are widespread, 22 are endemic, 1 vulnerable, 1 criticallyendangered (Paphiopedilum adductum), 1 endangered (Corybas sp.), 2 least concerned species, and 20 unassessed species (not yetassessed by the IUCN). It has been also noted that there are probably some new species, which need thorough study for furtheridentification. The result calls for a desperate need for conservation. Facts from this study helps in addition to the existing wildlifeconservation of flora in Mt. Sinaka and to the other forested mountains in Mindanao, the Philippines.
Comparative characterization of Macaranga species collected from secondary forests in East Kalimantan for biorefinery of unutilized fast growing wood RUDIANTO AMIRTA; SYAFFIYA ISNU NAFITRI; RETNO WULANDARI; YULIANSYAH YULIANSYAH; WIWIN SUWINARTI; KRISHNA PURNAWAN CANDRA; TAKASHI WATANABE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170117

Abstract

Amirta R, Nafitri SI, Wulandari R, Yuliansyah, Suwinarti W, Candra KP, Watanabe T. 2016. Comparative characterization of Macaranga species collected from secondary forests in East Kalimantan for biorefinery of unutilized fast growing wood. Biodiversitas 17: 116-123. Wood species for industrial forest plantation has been selected to produce construction wood materials, boards and papers,and unutilized fast growing wood as a source for biofuel production has been out of the scope for selection. Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae)  is widely distributed in the tropics and importance of the genus has been recognized due to its high level of growth rateand adaptability to constitute forest ecosystem. However, potency of the genus as a source for bioethanol production has not beensystematically studied. We herein first report differential properties of six Macaranga wood species collected in East Kalimantan,Indonesia, as a raw feedstock for enzymatic saccharification for bioethanol production. Among the wood species examined, the highestsugar yield 48.6% (weight of original wood basis), which corresponds to 315 mL ethanol/kg biomass, was obtained with 5.0% NaOH at 160ºC for M. hypoleuca. Significant differences in the sensitivity to alkaline concentration and temperature have been found among the species. A high sugar yield, 40.4% was obtained for M. winkleri with a low alkaline concentration, 3.5% NaOH at 150ºC, while M. motleyana gave the sugar yield 12.8% under the same condition. M. motleyana required a set of the conditions with higher NaOH concentration 5.0% and temperatures over 160ºC. The harsh condition with 5.0% NaOH at 170ºC promoted delignification of all the species but M. hypoleuca decreased the saccharification yield by raising the temperature from 160ºC to 170ºC, probably due to decomposition of carbohydrate cores. This temperature-dependent negative effect was not observed with 3.5% NaOH for M. hypoleuca. These results indicate that differences in the balance between disintegration effects and excess degradation of carbohydrates are different among the species and the variation should be taken into account on screening. Thus, we found a wide range of diversity in the susceptibility to alkaline pretreatment in the genus Macaranga and selected the wood species giving high productivity of fermentable sugars.
Anther culture of local upland rice varieties from East Kalimantan: effect of panicle cold pre-treatment and putrescine enriched medium NURHASANAH NURHASANAH; ANANDA N. PRATAMA; WIDI SUNARYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170122

Abstract

Nurhasanah, Pratama AN, Sunaryo W. 2016. Anther culture of local upland rice varieties from East Kalimantan: effect ofpanicle cold pre-treatment and putrescine enriched medium. Biodiversitas 17: 148-153. Anther culture has been evaluated as aneffective method for homozygous plant production which is very important for the hybrid breeding program in rice. Low number ofgreen plantlets is a main obstacle in the application of this technique. Culture conditions increasing anther culture efficiency can beapplied to solve this problem especially for low regeneration frequency. This study aimed to investigate the effect of panicle cold pretreatment and the addition of putrescine into culture medium to theanther culturability of local upland rice varieties originated from East Kalimantan. Two cold pretreatment times, 8 and 10 days, at 4°C and anther culture medium with and without putrescine were examined in this research. The result showed that cold incubation time effect was a genotype-dependent in influencing the ability of rice microspores to develop into callus and green plantlet regeneration. The longer cold incubation time, 10 days, resulted in the highest number of callus, plantlet as well as green plantlets in Serai Gunung cultivar but the opposite result was found in Geragai cultivar. The effect of putrescine addition in the culture medium was also observed as a genotyped-dependent. It can either increase number of calli, plantlets and green plantlets or decrease them on a specific genotype.
Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India P RAGAVAN; ALOK SAXENA; P M MOHAN; R S.C JAYARAJ; K. RAVICHANDRAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160218

Abstract

Ragavan P, Saxena A, Mohan PM, Jayaraj RSC, Ravichandran K. 2015. Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Biodiversitas 16: 225-237. A recent floristic surveyrevealed the occurrence of three species of Acanthus in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Of these Acanthusilicifolius and A. ebracteatus are shrubs, whereas A. volubilis is a climbing shrub. All the three Acanthus species were recorded from theAndaman Islands, but only A. ilicifolius from the Nicobar Islands. A. volubilis is easily distinguished from other two species by itsunarmed and twining delicate sprawling stems, un-serrated elliptical leaves, white corolla and absence of bracteoles. A. ilicifolius and A.ebracteatus are differentiated based on the presence and absences of bracteoles, corolla color, and position of Inflorescence anddirection of stem axial spines. A key for the species of Acanthus of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also provided.
Short Communication: Microfungal diversity on leaves of Eusideroxylon zwageri, a threatened plant species in Sarawak, Northern Borneo A LATEEF ADEBOLA; MUID SEPIAH; MOHAMAD H BOLHASSAN; MANSOR WAN ZAMIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160222

Abstract

Adebola AL, Sepiah M, Bolhassan MH, Wan Zamir M. 2015. Microfungal diversity on leaves of Eusideroxylon zwageri, athreatened plant species in Sarawak, Northern Borneo. Biodiversitas 16: 264-268. A survey of the microfungal communities on greenleaves and leaf litters of an endangered plant species, Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn. (belian) was carried out for the first time.A total of 200 leaf segments were plated on both water agar and malt extract agar. 74 fungal species were identified from both leaf typeswith more fungal taxa found on the green leaves, with a Shannon diversity index of 3.85 compared to that on litters, 2.63 and thesimilarity between the microfungal communities on both leaf types was low with a Bray-Curtis similarity index of 0.366. The mostdominant species on both leaf types includes Aphanocladium areanarum, Trichoderma koningii, Nectria sp., Chalara pteridina,Hyphomycetes sp.3, hyaline Mycelia sterilia, Circinotrichum sp., Phoma sp., Acremonium macroclavatum, Chaetopsina sp., Physarumsp., Beltrania rhombica and Colletotrichum acutatum.
Molecular phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA of the grouper Epinephelus spp. in Indonesia collected from local fish market EDWIN JEFRI; NEVIATY P. ZAMANI; BEGINER SUBHAN; HAWIS H MADDUPPA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160221

Abstract

Jefri E, Zamani EP, Subhan B, Madduppa HH. 2015. Molecular phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA of the grouper Epinephelus spp. in Indonesia collected from local fish market. Biodiversitas 16: 254-263. Groupers are widely distributed in thetropical and subtropical coastal waters, and are globally one of the most commercially important groups of marine fish, commandinghigh market price and are being heavily targeted in fisheries. Over fishing in Indonesia becomes a pivotal factor, which is seriouslythreatening the grouper biodiversity, as separate catch statistics are not reported for most species, and landings are often summarized as‘serranids’ or ‘groupers’. This lack of species-specific catch data is due to the difficulty of identifying many of the species. The focus ofthis study was the tracking of molecular phylogeny of Epinephelus spp. of the family Serranidae. DNA amplification usingmitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I resulted in 526-base pairs long sequences all samples. A total of seven species were characterizedthat are (Epinephelus areolatus, E. merra, E. fasciatus, E. longispinis, E. coioides, E. ongus and E. coeruleopunctatus). All of whichwere found to belong to 7 different clades in the constructed phylogenetic tree. E. ongus is genetically closest to E. coeruleopunctatuswith genetic distance 0.091 (9%), whereas the farthest genetic distance was successfully identified between E. ongus and E. merra withgenetic distance 0.178 (18%). Migration activity on spawning and movement of larvae that are affected by Indonesian Through flowsuspected as the cause of the closeness between species grouper Epinephelus spp. in the phylogeny tree from several Indonesian seas,although information about the location and time of Epinephelus spp. spawning activity sometimes difficult to obtain certainty. Fishidentification using molecular phylogenetic approach has been successfully applied in this study. It seems need further application onthis method to avoid misidentification and due to high variety of species landing at local fish market. Nevertheless, this study would bean important data in the genetic management for the sustainable conservation and trade of grouper (Epinephelus spp.) in Indonesia.

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