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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Articles 6,259 Documents
Assessment of genetic diversity among soursop (Annona muricata) populations from Java, Indonesia using RAPD markers SURATMAN SURATMAN; ARI PITOYO; SRI MULYANI; SURANTO SURANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160220

Abstract

Suratman, Ari Pitoyo, Sri Mulyani, Suranto. 2015. Assessment of genetic diversity among soursop (Annona muricata)populations from Java, Indonesia using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 16: 247-253. The objective of this study was to determine geneticdiversity of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) populations from Java (Indonesia) using RAPD markers. A total of 70 individuals werecollected from 7 soursop populations, distributed along the geographical range of natural distribution in Java. Genetic diversity wasestimated by RAPD technique using 6 arbitrary selected primers. Those primers produced 151 polymorphic bands with the percentageof polymorphism for each primer ranged from 95% to 100%. The genetic diversity value (h) within each population ranged from 0.0418to 0.0525. The highest h value (0.0525) was found in the KRA population whereas the lowest h value was observed in the PCTpopulation. The highest genetic distance value (0.0410) was observed in SKH-GKD populations pair whereas the lowest geneticdistance value (0.02448) was estimated in KRA-PCT populations pair. Based on the dendogram, the seven soursop populations weresegregated into three major clusters. The first cluster consisted of SKH, KRA, PCT, NGW, and KPG populations. The GKD populationwas then grouped into second cluster. In the third cluster, the BGR population was grouped separately and more genetically distant thanthe others. However, the relationship dendrogram showed that the grouping did not always indicate the geographical origins similarity,but possibly showed the genetic similarity.
Isolation and characterization of a molybdenum-reducing and SDSdegrading Klebsiella oxytoca strain Aft-7 and its bioremediation application in the environment NORAZLINA MASDOR; MOHD SHUKRI ABD SHUKOR; AFTAB KHAN; MOHD IZUAN EFFENDI BINMOHD HALMI; SITI ROZAIMAH SHEIKH ABDULLAH; NOR ARIPIN SHAMAAN; MOHD YUNUS SHUKOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160219

Abstract

Masdor N, Shukor MSA, Khan A, Halmi MIE, Abdullah SRS, Shamaan NA, Shukor MY. 2015. Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Biodiversitas 16: 238-246.Pollution as a result of anthropogenic activities is a severe global issue. These activities including inappropriate disposal, industrialand prospecting activities and unnecessary use of agricultural chemicals have triggered international initiatives to eliminate thesecontaminants. In this work we screen the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacterium isolated from contaminated soil to grow andreduce molybdenum on various detergents. The bacterium was able to grow on SDS as a carbon source although the compound did notsupport molybdenum reduction. The bacterium reduces molybdate to Mo-blue optimally between pH 5.8 and 6.3 and between 25 and34oC. Glucose was the best electron donor for supporting molybdate reduction followed by sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, lactose,salicin, trehalose, maltose and myo-Inositol in descending order. Other requirements include a phosphate concentration between 5.0 and7.5 mM and a molybdate concentration between 5 and 20 mM. The absorption spectrum of the Mo-blue produced was similar toprevious Mo-reducing bacterium, and closely resembles a reduced phosphomolybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited by mercury(ii), silver (i) and copper (ii) at 2 ppm by 62.1, 33.9 and 33.6%, respectively. Biochemical analysis resulted in a tentative identificationof the bacterium as Klebsiella oxytoca strain Aft-7. The ability of this bacterium to detoxify molybdenum and degrade detergent makesthis bacterium an important tool for bioremediation.
Leguminicolous fungi associated with some seeds of Sudanese legumes SOHAIR A. ABDULWEHAB; SAIFELDIN A. F. EL-NAGERABI; ABDULQADIR E. ELSHAFIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160223

Abstract

Abdulwehab SA, El-Nagerabi SAF, Elshafie AE. 2015. Leguminicolous fungi associated with some seeds of Sudaneselegumes. Biodiversitas 16: 269-280. The mycoflora associated with seeds evidently deteriorate seed viability, germination, emergenceand plant growth performance leading to apparent losses in production and productivity. In the present investigation, seedborne fungi ofsix legumes were screened. Twenty six species of fungi from 14 genera were isolated from this seeds. Of these isolates, 6 species arenew reports to the mycoflora of Sudan, whereas some species are new records to the mycoflora of these legumes. These include 6species for Cajanus cajan, Cicer arietinum (10 species), Dolichos lablab (7 species), Medicago sativa (8 species), Phaseolus vulgaris(10 species), and Vigna unguiculata (11 species). The seeds are obviously contaminated with saprophytic and pathogenic fungi (17-64%) which evidently inhibited seed germination (41-86%), and seedling emergence (29-81%). The Alternaria, Aspergillus andFusarium (4 species each) were the most prevalent fungi followed by Curvularia, Drechslera (3 species), Fusariella, Ulocladium (2species) and one species for the remaining genera (Aureobasidium, Acremonium, Memnoniella, and Rhizopus). Hence, there is a highneed for establishment of standard seed testing methods with strong legislations in order to meet the international quarantine regulations.The use of certified seeds by the farmers is recommended.
Genetic and morphological diversity in Cousinia cylindracea (Asteraceae) populations: Identification of gene pools AMIR ABBAS MINAEIFAR; MASOUD SHEIDAI; FARIDEH ATTAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160225

Abstract

Minaeifar AA, Sheidai M, Attar F. 2015. Genetic and morphological diversity in Cousinia cylindracea (Asteraceae)populations: Identification of gene pools. Biodiversitas 16: 288-294. Cousinia is one of the largest genera in the Asteraceae family. Itcontains 600 to 700 species distributed in Southwest and Central Asia. In Iran with 270 species it is the largest genus after Astragalus,.Cousinia probably is unique in the degree of diversification of all its parts and high numbers of species in restricted area. In thisinvestigation 90 plant specimens of 10 geographical populations of Cousinia cylindracea Boiss. were studied from morphological andgenetic (ISSR) points of view. Both intra and inter-population morphological and genetic variability was observed in the studiedpopulations. ANOVA and CVA tests revealed significant morphological difference among these populations. Similarly, AMOVA testsrevealed significant molecular difference among geographical populations. Mantel test produced significant positive correlation betweengenetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. Networking, STRUCTURE analysis and population assignmenttest revealed low degree of gene flow among these populations. The results identified two different gene pools of C. Cylindracea in Iran,supporting Rechinger suggestion that C. cylindracea might have two varieties in Iran.
Diversity in antioxidant properties and mineral contents of Allium paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran SEDIGHEH KHODADADI; TAHER NEJADSATTARI; ALIREZA NAQINEZHAD; MOHAMMAD ALI EBRAHIMZADEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160224

Abstract

Khodadadi S, Nejadsattari T, Naqinezhad A, Ebrahimzadeh MA. 2015. Diversity in antioxidant properties and mineralcontents of Allium paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran. Biodiversitas 16: 281-287. The knowledge about variation ofantioxidant properties from local medicinal plant can be achieved by investigating all natural habitats of it. To reach this goal, acomprehensive survey on eight populations of Allium paradoxum (M. B.) G. Don, was conducted in the Hyrcanian forests. A.paradoxum (Amaryllidaceae) is a perennial, local plant, native to the northern Iran. Different parts of it, is largely used in foodpreparation and traditional medicine. Plants were collected randomly from different altitudes and forest sites of Iranian northernprovinces ranging from west to east (Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces). Samples were divided into aerial and bulbous parts.The antioxidant activities of the extracts were investigated with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays.Total flavonoid content was determined by a colorimetric aluminum chloride method. The highest antioxidant activities and flavonoidcontents in A. paradoxum were related to Varaki and Zarinabad sites (Mazandaran province) with relatively higher humidity, in thecentral part of the Hyrcanian area and in altitudinal range between 462-860 m asl. The content of total phenolics in the extracts wasdetermined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). With respect to totalphenolic contents, aerial parts of plants of Jahannama, the lowest elevation site (Golestan province), had the highest amount. Elementalcomposition (Fe++, Mn++) and total sulphur were also determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and digestion method,respectively. Higher contents of two elements, particularly Fe, and total sulphur can be found in bulbous part of Zarinabad and Kiasarpopulations (Mazandaran province) compared to other sites. The results of the current study indicated that there is a remarkable andsignificant variation of antioxidant activities among different studied populations of A. paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests.
Phenetic analysis of the genera medicagoid Trigonella, Medicago and Melilotus (Fabaceae) on seed coat in Iran SIMA KHANDANI; MOSTAFA ASSADI; TAHER NEJADSATARI; IRAJ MEHREGAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170124

Abstract

Khandani S, Assadi M, Nejadsatari T, Mehregan I. 2016. Phenetic analysis of the genera medicagoid Trigonella, Medicago and Melilotus (Fabaceae) on seed coat in Iran. Biodiversitas 17: 162-171. Seed morphological characters of 11 species belonging to the Medicagoid Trigonella group from Iran were studied and compared with six species of Trigonella L. (non medicagoid), one species Medicago L. and Melilotus Mill. (Fabaceae), including general shape, size, color, surface shape and testa ornamentation patterns with Scanning Electron Microscope and Stereomicroscope. Phenetic relationships among the species were studied via important seed morphological data by PCA analysis and UPMGA method. Cluster analysis of seed morphology results showed that some of medicagoid Trigonella species clustered with non medicagoid species but majority of them joined together which is in agreement of some references. In conclusion, seed morphological characters show that most Iranian medicagoid Trigonella species are well separated from the other Trigonella species. Also, some of these characters are important in systematic discriminations of the taxa.
Karangwangi people's (South Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia) local knowledge of species, forest utilization and wildlife conservation RUHYAT PARTASASMITA; JOHAN ISKANDAR; NICHOLAS MALONE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170123

Abstract

Partasasmita R, Iskandar J. Malone N. 2015. Karangwangi people's (South Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia) local knowledge of species, forest utilization and wildlife conservation. Biodiversitas 17: 154-161. In the past, many West Javan Villages had a high diversity of wildlife. Nowadays, however, the diversity of wildlife in these villages has tended to decrease rapidly. This is caused by many factors, including the loss or destruction of wildlife habitat destruction, intensive use of pesticides in the agricultural sector, and illegal hunting. Animal hunting is typically undertaken by villagers for various purposes, such as to fulfill household meet consumption, as well as for the capture and trading of pets. Traditionally, the use of wildlife by the Sundanese people of West Java is influenced by corpus (local knowledge) and cosmos (beliefs). As a result, the wild animals have been utilized within a sustainable system that enables wildlife conservation. Today, however, a lot of traditional knowledge or local knowledge of wildlife has eroded. This paper elucidates local knowledge of Karangwangi villagers of Subdstrict of Cidaun, District of Cianjur, Province of West Java, Indonesia on various species, utilization, and the conservation of wildlife. Methods used in this study are a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques based on an ethnozoological approach. The result of study shows that the respondents recognize at least 45 species of wildlife consisting of 15 mammalian species, 21 species of Aves, and 9 species of herpetofauna. Based on the perception of respondents, those wildlife species have various socio-economic and cultural saliences (eg. household meat consumption, pets, trading, and appearing in mythology), as well as various ecological functions (e.g., crop pests, pest controls, and seed dispersal). Some cultural myths related with wildlife have been recorded and partly determine the utilization of wildlife by village people.
Threats and conservation of Paris polyphylla an endangered, highly exploited medicinal plant in the Indian Himalayan Region ASHISH PAUL1; PADMA RAJ GAJUREL; ARUP KUMAR DAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160226

Abstract

Paul A, Gajurel PR, Das AK. 2015. Threats and conservation of Paris polyphylla an endangered, highly exploited medicinal plant in the Indian Himalayan Region. Biodiversitas 16: 295-302. The Indian Himalayan Region is home of numerous globallysignificant medicinal plants. Paris polyphylla Smith is an important medicinal perennial herbaceous species used mostly in traditionalmedicine, having medicinal properties like anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, cytotoxicity, steroid saponins etc. Thepresent study highlights the uses, population status and threats to P. polyphylla in Arunachal Pradesh. P. polyphylla is distributed intropical to temperate region of South East Asia, particularly in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam. InIndia it is distributed in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,Nagaland, Sikkim and Uttarakhand. In the Eastern Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh, the species found to be occurring with distinctmorphological interspecific variations. In the past 5 years the market demand of the species increased tremendously, which ultimatelyled to the over exploitation of the species and traded illegally in heavy quantities. The present study showed very poor populationdensity, which ranged between 0.42 individuals m-2 to 1.48 individuals m-2. While, Importance Value Index of the species rangedbetween 3.37 to 8.45. Because of the unsustainable extraction and poor natural regeneration of the species, wild populations are at riskof extinction and accordingly it has been listed as an endangered species. The rhizome is the primary mode of regeneration, although itregenerate from seeds. Because of the commercial demand of the rhizome, the population of the species may entirely be wiped out ifproper conservation initiatives have not been taken. Effective conservation strategies both in situ and ex situ may help to protect thespecies from its extinction. Inclusion of the species under the priority species list of both the National and State Medicinal Plant Boardsfor cultivation may be helpful for its long term management and conservation. Mass awareness and active involvement of local peoplefor large scale cultivation may reduce the pressure on wild populations. This will meet the market demand and boost the rural economyand will also help in conservation of the species.
Growth, development and morphology of gametophytes of golden chicken fern (Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.) in natural media TITIEN NGATINEM PRAPTOSUWIRYO; DIDIT OKTA PRIBADI; RUGAYAH RUGAYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160227

Abstract

Praptosuwiryo TNg, Pribadi DO, Rugayah. 2015. Growth, development and morphology of gametophytes of golden chicken fern (Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm.) in natural media. Biodiversitas 16: 303-310. The golden chicken fern, Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm., is an important export commodity for both traditional and modern medicine. To understand the reproductive biology of thisspecies, spore germination, gametophyte development, morphological variation, and sex expression were studied by sowing spores onsterilized natural media consisting of the minced roots of Cyathea contaminans and charcoaled rice husks (1: 1) mix. Spores ofC. barometz are trilete, tri-radially symmetrical, non chlorophyllous, and golden-yellow with a perine. Six stages of gametophytedevelopment (rhizoid stage, rhizoid/protochorm stage, filament stage, spatulate stage, young heart stage, mature heart stage) wereobserved between 24-45 days after sowing. Spore germination of C. barometz is Vittaria-type. Prothallial development of C. barometz isDrynaria-type. Five morphological types of adult gametophyte were recorded: (i) irregular spatulate shape (male), (ii) fan shape (male),(iii) elongated heart-shape (male), (iv) short heart or butterfly shape (female), and (v) normal heart shape (bisexual). The presence ofmorphological variations is presumed to be related to the population density, which significantly affects the sexual expression ofgametophytes. The variation of sex expression in C. barometz also indicates that this species may has a mixed mating systems thatresulted in genetic diversity within population and among populations.
Spatial point pattern analysis of the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) poaching cases in and around Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra FARID RIFAIE; JITO SUGARDJITO; YULI SULISTYA FITRIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 16 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160228

Abstract

Rifaie F, Sugardjito J, Fitriana YS. 2015.Spatial point pattern analysis of the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)poaching cases in and around Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra. Biodiversitas 16: 311-319.Wild Sumatran tigers are in a criticalstate with around 250 adult tigers remain in their habitat in Sumatra Island. Despite the fact that this subspecies is an elusive animal withvery wide home range, Sumatran tigers are facing two serious threats, the depletion of its habitats and preys in one side and the increaseof tiger hunt for illegal wildlife market. Improving the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers isan immediate priority protecting the remaining wild populations in their habitat. Enforcement monitoring was established under theTiger conservation program. During their patrols, the anti-poaching team recorded various data including poaching incidents. Weanalyzed secondary data of Sumatran tiger poaching cases around Kerinci Seblat National Park that have been documented from 2000 to2012. Georeferencing process was performed to transform locality data of 87 poaching cases into geographic position. The NearestNeighbor (NN) analysis suggested a strong clustering pattern with the observed mean distance was 4.9 km, much lower than theexpected mean distance (10.9 km).Similarly, The Ripley's K analysis also showed the aggregation of the points along the observeddistances. On the other hand, about 35.6% of points were located outside the standard deviational ellipse. The pattern indicated thatpoaching incidents were spread in all corner of the region but excessive cases were observed in the center of the park.

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