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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Feeding regimes influence growth, survival, morphometric indicators, and water quality correlations in Betta splendens (Super Red Plakat strain) fry ZULKISAM PRAMUDIA; AZFAR ISMAIL; MEGA ASRI RISQIANA; YUNITA MAIMUNAH; ANJAS SASANA BAHRI; AGUS FERI SETIAWAN; ANDI KURNIAWAN; TIA DWI IRAWANDANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270114

Abstract

Abstract. Pramudia Z, Ismail A, Risqiana MA, Maimunah Y, Bahri AS, Setiawan AF, Kurniawan A. 2026. Feeding regimes influence growth, survival, morphometric indicators, and water quality correlations in Betta splendens (Super Red Plakat strain) fry. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270114. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270114. The early larval stage is crucial for growth and survival in ornamental fish culture, yet feeding strategies for Betta splendens (Super Red Plakat strain) remain underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of five feeding regimes, comprising live prey and formulated diets on the morphometric growth and survival of B. splendens fry during a 28-day post-infusoria rearing period. Five dietary treatments: Artemia nauplii, Alona sp., Moina sp., Daphnia magna, and artificial pellets, with infusoria provided in all treatments during the first week. Survival rate (SR), total length (TL), and standard length (SL) were measured at the end of the experiment. Fry fed with Artemia nauplii and Moina sp. exhibited the highest survival (88-89%) and growth performance (TL up to 15.6 mm), while D. magna resulted in the lowest values. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among treatments. Water quality remained within optimal thresholds, ensuring reliable interpretation. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive associations among SR, TL, and SL, confirming that survival is closely linked to growth. Moderate correlations between DO and biological metrics suggest oxygen availability may indirectly influence performance. These findings highlight the importance of feed type and particle size compatibility with larval open-mouth for enhancing productivity in B. splendens hatchery practices. The use of Artemia or Moina during the post-infusoria stage can enhance hatchery yield by approximately 10-20%, providing practical guidance for sustainable B. splendens aquaculture and supporting SDG 14 (Life Below Water) through improved fry survival and responsible freshwater biodiversity management.
Identification of high-yielding brown planthopper-resistant aromatic rice lines through multi-trait selection ANUSON THANASI; CHANTAMART CHUEAKAEW; SAKDA KONGSILA; EKASIT ONSAARDA; THEERAYUT TOOJINDA; SUREEPORN KATENGAM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270134

Abstract

Abstract. Thanasi A, Chueakaew C, Kongsila S, Onsaarda E, Toojinda T, Katengam S. 2026. Identification of high-yielding brown planthopper-resistant aromatic rice lines through multi-trait selection. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270134. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270134. Developing rice cultivars that combine durable resistance to brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) with high and stable grain yield is essential for sustaining productivity in rainfed lowland ecosystems of the Mekong Basin. In Northeastern Thailand, rice cultivation is dominated by KDML105, a premium aromatic variety that is highly susceptible to BPH and increasingly vulnerable to climate-driven pest outbreaks and yield instability. This study evaluated 38 aromatic BPH-resistant (ABPH) rice lines developed through marker-assisted breeding under rainfed lowland conditions during the 2020 wet season. Significant genetic variation was detected among the evaluated lines for agronomic traits and yield components, with moderate to high heritability estimates, indicating substantial potential for effective phenotypic selection under target environments. Grain yield exhibited strong positive associations with key yield-determining traits, including spikelet number per panicle, tiller number, panicle length, harvest index, and spikelet fertility, highlighting their importance as indirect selection criteria under rainfed stress conditions. Multi-trait selection approaches integrating yield performance and resistance traits identified six elite ABPH rice lines that consistently combined superior grain yield with stable BPH resistance. These lines represent promising candidates for subsequent multi-environment trials and participatory on-farm evaluation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that integrating resistance breeding with multi-trait phenotypic selection is an effective strategy to accelerate the development of climate-resilient aromatic rice cultivars, contributing to reduced pesticide dependence, improved yield stability, and enhanced food security in rainfed lowland rice systems.
Fertilization strategies alter growth and rhizosphere microbiome diversity in white potato (Solanum tuberosum) ALUH NIKMATULLAH; MUHAMMAD SARJAN; AMRUL JIHADI; IHLANA NAIRFANA; EKA SUNARWIDHI PRASEDYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270135

Abstract

Abstract. Nikmatullah A, Sarjan M, Jihadi A, Nairfana I, Prasedya ES. 2026. Fertilization strategies alter growth and rhizosphere microbiome diversity in white potato (Solanum tuberosum). Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270135. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270135. Excessive inorganic fertilization is widely used to boost potato productivity, but often reduces nutrient-use efficiency and disrupts soil microbial communities. This study evaluated how three fertilization regimes viz. CF100 (100% recommended inorganic + organic fertilizer), CF50 (50% recommended inorganic + organic fertilizer), and CF50OF (50% recommended inorganic + organic fertilizer + biofertilizer), affect plant growth, yield, and rhizosphere microbiome composition of white potato (Solanum tuberosum). Growth assessments at five weeks after shoot emergence showed that CF50OF produced significantly higher shoot numbers, fresh biomass, and dry biomass compared to CF50, and achieved growth comparable to CF100. Tuber yield did not differ significantly among treatments. Amplicon sequencing of rhizosphere soil revealed that fertilization strategy strongly shaped microbial richness, taxonomic composition, and phylogenetic structure. CF100 exhibited the highest observed taxa and phylogenetic diversity, whereas CF50OF enriched a broader spectrum of low-abundance and functionally diverse microbial genera associated with nutrient cycling, organic matter degradation, hormone production, biocontrol, abiotic stress adapters, and other functions. Despite lower Shannon and Simpson diversity values compared to CF100 and CF50, CF50OF supported microbial communities with greater functional potential, which may compensate for reduced inorganic inputs. These findings demonstrate that integrating biofertilizer with reduced inorganic fertilizer can sustain potato growth while promoting a more ecologically functional rhizosphere microbiome, offering a promising strategy for nutrient-efficient and environmentally sustainable potato cultivation.
Environmental parameters and growth of cage-cultured blood cockle Tegillarca granosa in Aceh, Indonesia MAWARDI MAWARDI; TRI MUSTIKA SARJANI; MUHAMMAD KHALIL; ANITA RASUNA SARI SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270307

Abstract

Abstract. Mawardi, Sarjani TM, Khalil M, Siregar ARS. 2026. Environmental parameters and growth of cage-cultured blood cockle Tegillarca granosa in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270307. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270307. This study evaluated the growth performance of cage-cultured blood cockle Tegillarca granosa and the environmental parameters influencing it in two mangrove-fringing coastal waters in Aceh, Indonesia. A randomized block design was used with three stocking densities (20, 40, and 60 individuals per cage) at Pusong and Lhok Banie. Water quality variables—including temperature, salinity, pH, organic matter, and sediment characteristics—were measured throughout the culture period. Growth parameters (shell length, width, and weight) and environmental factors (sediment type, salinity, and plankton abundance) were monitored for six months. Data were analyzed using Specific Growth Rate (SGR), ANOVA, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results showed that growth in length ranged from 3.07-8.00 mm, width from 2.48-5.45 mm, and weight from 2.63-5.60 g. The highest growth was recorded at Pusong (P1, 20 individuals/cage), while the lowest was at Lhok Banie (LB3, 60 individuals/cage). The SGR ranged from 0.18-0.30 g. PCA indicated that sediment composition dominated by clay and clayey loam, together with salinity of 24-28‰, had the strongest positive relationship with cockle growth. Overall, the findings demonstrate that T. granosa grows better in areas with higher salinity and organic-rich sediments, and that a stocking density of 20 individuals per cage yields the most favorable growth performance. These results provide baseline information for improving community-based blood cockle aquaculture and support the development of sustainable mangrove-associated coastal farming systems in Aceh.
Baseline assessment of coral and fish assemblage relationships in Tanjung Palas Timur Marine Protected Area, North Kalimantan, Indonesia ENCIK WELIYADI; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; HAERUDDIN HAERUDDIN; SURADI WIJAYA SAPUTRA; MUHAMMAD NAJIB; FAHYUNI AMALIAH; ARDY ANDREAS BERNARD KASE; MUHAMMAD YUSFI YUSUF; MOHAMMAD FADNAN AKHMADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261043

Abstract

Abstract. Weliyadi E, Anggoro S, Haeruddin, Saputra SW, Najib M, Amaliah F, Kase AAB, Yusuf MY, Akhmadi MF. 2025. Baseline assessment of coral and fish assemblage relationships in Tanjung Palas Timur Marine Protected Area, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5303-5313. Coral reefs are vital ecosystems supporting biodiversity, coastal defense, and local livelihoods, but remain vulnerable to human and environmental pressures. This study provides the first integrated ecological baseline for the core zone of the Tanjung Palas Timur Marine Protected Area (KKPTPT), North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods alongside key water quality measurements, the study assessed coral cover, reef fish assemblages, and environmental parameters. Multivariate analyses: Jaccard similarity, Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), Mantel test, and Procrustes analysis were employed to explore community patterns. The average live coral cover was moderate (46.19%), with higher values on fringing reefs. Coral species richness peaked at Station 1 (19 species), while fish richness was highest at Station 4 (8 species). Mantel (r: -0.452, p: 0.085) and Procrustes (M²: 0.624, p: 0.33) analyses indicated weak congruence between coral and fish assemblages. Slight increases in TSS were associated with reduced biological richness, while stable hydrodynamic conditions supported reef health. These findings emphasize the importance of sediment management and habitat structure in sustaining reef resilience. These findings suggest that fish diversity is not solely dependent on coral assemblages but also influenced by environmental drivers such as substrate stability and hydrodynamics. The study offers critical insights for ecosystem-based management through sediment control, substrate rehabilitation, adaptive zoning, and participatory monitoring.
Resilience of wild and cultivated bitter melon (Momordica charantia) under deficit irrigation in Vietnam THUAN VAN NGUYEN; MUSLIAR KASIM; TUTY ANGGRAINI; LINH NHUT DOAN; NHA VAN DUONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261038

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen TV, Kasim M, Anggraini T, Doan LN, Duong NV. 2025. Resilience of wild and cultivated bitter melon (Momordica charantia) under deficit irrigation in Vietnam. Biodiversitas 26: 5248-5257. Water scarcity increasingly constrains vegetable production in tropical regions, requiring adaptive strategies such as deficit irrigation and the use of resilient genetic resources. This study evaluated the physiological and agronomic responses of two Momordica charantia accessions—designated as the wild type (TCCS VP-BT08/16) and the cultivated type (TCCS VP-BT01/14)—under three irrigation regimes (80 %, 65 %, and 50 % of field capacity, FC) in a split-plot field experiment conducted during the 2024–2025 dry season in Vietnam. Growth traits, SPAD chlorophyll values, and cumulative dry fruit yield were assessed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05). Irrigation significantly influenced all measured traits (P ? 0.001). The cultivated type showed strong early vigor under full irrigation but declined rapidly after ~90 days under water stress, whereas the wild type maintained stable growth, branching, leaf production, and SPAD values across irrigation levels through 120 days. Dry fruit yield was sustained at 65% FC in both accessions (~185 g plant-¹ wild, ~178 g plant-1 cultivated) without significant reduction from full irrigation, while severe deficit (50% FC) caused moderate yield decline in the wild (~22%) and substantial losses in the cultivated type (~50%). These findings indicate that maintaining soil moisture at 65% FC can sustain bitter melon yield under dry-season conditions and highlight the superior drought resilience of the wild bitter melon as a valuable genetic resource for breeding climate-resilient cultivars.
Species composition and abundance of weeds in tomato fields with nematicidal potential against Meloidogyne incognita MUH. ADIWENA; ADITYA MURTILAKSONO; ANKARDIANSYAH PANDU PRADANA; AISYAH RIZKY PARAMESWARI; DIANA PUTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261145

Abstract

Abstract. Adiwena M, Murtilaksono A, Pradana AP, Parameswari AR, Putri D. 2025. Species composition and abundance of weeds in tomato fields with nematicidal potential against Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 26: 5891-5905. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) cause major crop losses worldwide, yet sustainable management options remain limited. This study assessed weed community structure in tomato fields and tested the nematicidal activity of dominant species. Quadrat sampling (1×1 m) recorded seven species from six families, with moderate diversity (Shannon-Wiener H?: 1.125), low evenness (E: 0.578), and high dominance (Simpson’s D: 0.470). Alternanthera philoxeroides was ecologically dominant (IVI: 72.0%; RD: 62.5%), while Eleusine indica and Cyperus rotundus were most frequent (RF: 23.8%). Aqueous root extracts (20% w/v) were tested in vitro, and proportion data were arcsine square-roots transformed and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (?: 0.05). A. philoxeroides achieved the strongest egg-hatch inhibition (98.2±0.45% unhatched eggs at 168 h vs. 69.6±3.58% in control), while Cleome rutidosperma induced the highest J2 mortality (21.8±6.14%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed 12 constituents in A. philoxeroides and 18 in C. rutidosperma. Key compounds included methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate in A. philoxeroides; and lauric acid, methyl palmitate, and 9,12-octadecadien-1-ol in C. rutidosperma. These phytochemicals are consistent with the observed suppression of egg hatching and juvenile survival. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Indonesia to explicitly link weed community diversity with in vitro nematicidal activity against M. incognita in tomato fields. By integrating ecological survey and bioassay data, this work demonstrates that naturally occurring weeds can serve both as indicators of agroecosystem health and as practical, locally available sources of botanical nematicides. The findings emphasize two major contributions: first, to nematode management through eco-friendly suppression of root-knot nematodes; and second, to biodiversity conservation by recognizing weeds as functional components of sustainable agroecosystems.
Avifaunal diversity of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India MD ABU IMRAN MALLICK; SHILADITYA ACHARJEE; SIMA PAIK; SHABA ALAM ANSARI; SMITHA PANKAJ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261136

Abstract

Abstract. Mallick MAI, Acharjee SH, Paik S, Ansari SA, Pankaj S. 2025. Avifaunal diversity of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India. Biodiversitas 26: 5780-5802. Birds are pivotal indicators of environmental health, underscoring their importance in conservation planning and ecological assessments. This study presents a systematic evaluation of avifaunal diversity and abundance in Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India, based on surveys conducted from January 2025 to July 2025 using variable-radius point counts and transect methods. We recorded 205 bird species from 61 families, with Muscicapidae dominating (16 species, 7.80% relative abundance). Insectivorous birds (93 species) highlighted the sanctuary's rich trophic structure. According to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifications, 199 species were Least Concern, 4 Vulnerable, and 2 Near Threatened. Site 3 exhibited the highest species richness (122 taxa) and diversity (Simpson and Shannon indices). Rarefaction analysis corroborated these patterns. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in sample medians (Kruskal-Wallis test, χ²: 9.454, p: 0.02572), contrasting with ANOVA's non-significant mean differences (F-statistic: 1.079, p: 0.3654). Biodiversity indices were highest for Site 3: Margalef (21.81), Menhinick (7.61), and Fisher's alpha (90.9). Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) hierarchical clustering identified patterns among samples. Notably, this study underscores Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary's significant avifaunal diversity, offering critical insights for conservation prioritization and environmental management in this ecologically vital region. Major findings highlight the sanctuary's role in sustaining diverse bird communities, including species of conservation concern, emphasizing the need for targeted habitat preservation. The documented diversity patterns contribute novel ecological data for Jharkhand's eastern India avifauna and inform regional biodiversity conservation strategies.
Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from root of Paphiopedilum javanicum ARI PITOYO; SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN; ARTINI PANGASTUTI; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270304

Abstract

Abstract. Pitoyo A, Solichatun, Pangastuti A, Sugiyarto. 2026. Diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from root of Paphiopedilum javanicum. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270304. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270304. Understanding the intimate relationship between orchids and their fungal communities is essential for effective conservation. To address this, we investigated the root anatomy and fungal associates of Paphiopedilum javanicum, an endangered slipper orchid native to Java. Root samples comprising 75 segments collected from five montane habitats were examined microscopically and subjected to fungal isolation. The recovered isolates were identified through ITS sequencing, and their taxonomic placement was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbor-Joining method. Microscopy revealed peloton structures in cortical cells, with colonization levels varying among roots and tending to be patchy rather than systemic. Direct peloton isolation yielded no viable fungi, while root-segment and seed-baiting methods successfully isolated 23 fungi. ITS analyses revealed that most isolates belonged to Ascomycota (15 species in 10 genera), including Fusarium, Xylaria, and Nigrospora. Basidiomycota represented 7 species in 6 genera, among them two Ceratobasidium isolates recognized as orchid mycorrhizal fungi, along with lignicolous taxa such as Phanerochaete, Schizophyllum, Cubamyces, and Polyporus. A single Mucoromycota isolate (Umbelopsis) was also identified. These findings demonstrate that P. javanicum roots host a taxonomically diverse fungal assemblage comprising both putative mycorrhizal symbionts and a broad suite of opportunistic endophytes and saprotrophs. The coexistence of these guilds suggests ecological flexibility in fungal associations. This study provides the first integrated anatomical and molecular characterization of root-associated fungi in P. javanicum from Indonesia and establishes baseline data to inform symbiotic propagation and conservation strategies.
Integrated assessment of seed desiccation, storage, and viability of Grammatophyllum speciosum for ex-situ conservation DWI MURTI PUSPITANINGTYAS; SURYA DIANTINA; RATNA YUNIATI; ELIZABETH HANDINI; POPI APRILIANTI; RETNO LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270323

Abstract

Abstract. Puspitaningtyas DM, Diantina S, Yuniati R, Handini E, Aprilianti P, Lestari R. 2026. Integrated assessment of seed desiccation, storage, and viability of Grammatophyllum speciosum for ex-situ conservation. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270323. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270323. Orchid seed banking is recognized as an efficient ex-situ conservation strategy. However, standardized protocols for seed drying, storage, and viability assessment are still lacking for many tropical species. This study evaluated the effects of desiccation duration, frozen storage at -20°C, and tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to develop a practical conservation protocol for Grammatophyllum speciosum. Fresh seeds were dried over silica gel for 3-9 days and germinated asymbiotically on several basal media. Seed viability after one year of storage was assessed using eight TTC pre-treatments that combined NaOCl scarification, sucrose pre-conditioning, and two TTC concentrations. Germination was significantly influenced by drying duration, and a significant interaction between medium and drying period was detected (ANOVA, p<0.01). The highest germination (74.82%±6.01) was obtained after three days of drying on Vacin & Went (VW) medium, whereas prolonged drying (6-9 days) reduced germination to 55-65%. After one year of storage at -20°C, seeds retained high viability (71.87-72.98%), with no significant decline compared to fresh seeds, indicating tolerance to both desiccation and subzero conditions. TTC-based viability assessment revealed significant differences among pre-treatments (ANOVA, p<0.001). Combined NaOCl scarification and sucrose pre-conditioning improved staining clarity, producing the highest viability values (up to 73.57%±5.16). No significant difference was observed between 0.1% and 1% TTC concentrations, demonstrating that the lower concentration was sufficient for reliable viability estimation. TTC-based viability closely matched germination results, indicating the consistency of direct and indirect assessment methods. Overall, short-term desiccation (3 days), storage at -20°C, and optimized TTC pre-treatment provide a scalable and resource-efficient strategy for orchid seed banking. This protocol supports the long-term preservation of genetic diversity and contributes to conservation management of threatened epiphytic orchids.

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