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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 604   605   606   607   608 
Morphological, proximate, and bioactive compound characteristics of three local avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Solok District, West Sumatra, Indonesia RIFNI NOVITASARI; TUTY ANGGRAINI; HASBULLAH HASBULLAH; DINI HERVANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261048

Abstract

Abstract. Novitasari R, Anggraini T, Hasbullah, Hervani D. 2025. Morphological, proximate, and bioactive compound characteristics of three local avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Solok District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5360-5370. This study compares the morphological characteristics, proximate composition, and bioactive compound content of three local avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Solok District, West Sumatra: Mega Merapi, Mega Paninggahan, and Mega Gagauan. The methods used include exploratory research for morphological observations with 30 samples per variety. In addition, chemical analysis was conducted using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with three replications. The variables observed were proximate, total sugar, tannin, and phenol. Data processing was carried out using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that Mega Gagauan had the most significant fruit weight (480.66 g) and fruit flesh (382.69%), as well as the highest water content (72.95%) and fat (4.79%) in the fruit seeds. The fruit flesh of this variety contains the highest carbohydrate (10.64%), fat (6.61%), and ash content (1.03%), with a low water content (81.02%). In comparison, Mega Paninggahan has a fruit height (12.44 cm) and seed weight (64.98 g) that are superior to the other two varieties, with carbohydrate content (27.84%), protein (1.91%) and ash content (1.28%) in the fruit seeds and protein (2.10%) in the fruit flesh that are higher than the other two varieties. Mega Merapi stands out with the highest water content (85.65%), polyphenol (102.64 mgGAE/g), and total sugar (20.60%) in the fruit flesh, while the fruit seeds contain tannin (0.61%) and polyphenol (943.45 mgGAE/g). Differences in peel color, texture, and flesh color were also found between varieties. These findings confirm significant variation in morphology, proximate composition, and bioactive compounds, which can inform the selection of superior varieties for consumption and inspire creative product development from avocado flesh and seeds.
Medicinal leaf knowledge of the five Dayak Ethnic Groups in West Kalimantan, Indonesia MARKUS IYUS SUPIANDI; SITI ZUBAIDAH; SUSRIYATI MAHANAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270215

Abstract

Abstract. Supiandi MI, Zubaidah S, Mahanal S. 2026. Medicinal leaf knowledge of the five Dayak Ethnic Groups in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270215. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270215. The Dayak community in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, comprises 151 sub-ethnic groups, including the Iban, Tamambaloh, Jangkang, Limbai, and Linoh. These groups rely heavily on plant leaves for traditional medicine, transmitting their knowledge orally across generations. However, researchers have not adequately documented this knowledge in scientific literature. This study documents and analyzes the diversity of medicinal leaf species utilized by five Dayak Sub-ethnic Groups in West Kalimantan, Iban, Tamambaloh, Jangkang, Limbai, and Linoh, to preserve and promote their ethnobotanical heritage. Data were collected through structured interviews, participatory observation, and field documentation with local healers and community elders. The team identified plant species through an online platform, verified them with botanists, and organised the findings systematically in tables and figures. The analysis recorded 84 species belonging to 41 plant families. The Lamiaceae family contributed the highest number of species. Community members used these plants primarily to treat severe and chronic conditions, including cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, liver diseases, and kidney problems. The Iban, Tamambaloh, Jangkang, Limbai, and Linoh Dayak Sub-ethnic Groups actively preserve rich ethnobotanical knowledge centered on plant leaves. This study underscores the significance of integrating traditional medicinal knowledge into biodiversity conservation and sustainable development efforts, aligning with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
Symbiotic potential of endophytic fungi from native orchids with histological insights and growth responses in Dendrobium hybrid DWI SUCIANINGTYAS SUKAMTO; SHOLEH AVIVI; SUHARTININGSIH DWI NURCAHYANTI; DIDIK PUDJI RESTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261236

Abstract

Abstract. Sukamto DS, Avivi S, Nurcahyanti SD, Restanto DP. 2025. Symbiotic potential of endophytic fungi from native orchids with histological insights and growth responses in Dendrobium hybrid. Biodiversitas 26: 6389-6398. Endophytic fungi play an essential role in orchid development by facilitating nutrient exchange and supporting early growth through peloton formation in root tissues. This study evaluated the symbiotic potential of eight fungal isolates obtained from native orchids in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, and examined their effects on peloton induction, root colonization, and seedling growth of a Dendrobium hybrid. Each isolate was identified morphologically and tested through inoculation assays, histological analyses, and seedling performance measurements. Four isolates—Ceratobasidium (1), Rhizoctonia sp. (3 and 4), and Tulasnella (6)—successfully colonized the root cortex and produced pelotons, whereas isolates 2 (Fusarium) and 8 (Cladosporium) caused pathogenic symptoms, including root and leaf rot, and were excluded from growth evaluation. Growth assays showed that Rhizoctonia isolate 4 produced the strongest symbiotic response, increasing shoot number by 175% and shoot length by more than tenfold relative to controls, followed by moderate enhancements from isolates 1, 5, 6, and 7. These findings show that native orchid-associated endophytes possess strong mycorrhizal potential and can be developed as effective bioinoculants to enhance the early growth of Dendrobium hybrids. This study provides a foundational step toward utilizing locally sourced symbiotic fungi to support orchid propagation and conservation efforts.
Biodiversity and abundance of fish in estuarine waters of Sesayap and Sembakung, North Kalimantan, Indonesia ASBAR LAGA; M. GANDRI HARYONO; RATNO ACHYANI; STEPHANIE BIJA; GAZALI SALIM; MUJIYANTO MUJIYANTO; TAUFIQ AHMAD ROMDONI; SITTI HARTINAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261119

Abstract

Abstract. Laga A, Haryono MG, Achyani R, Bija S, Salim G, Mujiyanto, Romdoni TA, Hartinah S. 2025. Biodiversity and abundance of fish in estuarine waters of Sesayap and Sembakung, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5574-5594. The estuary of Sesayap and Sembakung Waters in North Kalimantan, Indonesia are areas which are semi-enclosed where river currents meet with tidal’s. The extreme fluctuations are covered by the availability of food because they get nutrient supplies from the sea and land, so this area get variety of fish in abundance. This study aims to determine the biodiversity and abundance of of fish in the estuarine waters of Sesayap and Sembakung. The research uses a quantitative descriptive method and it was conducted for 4 months from August 2021 to November 2021. The fish caught were obtained from fishermen using various fishing gear, including sero nets, gillnets, mini trawls, and tugu nets. The fish were sorted by species, weighed collectively, and the total length and weight of each individual were measured. Species identification was performed using three intact specimens, following guidelines from the fish identification book. The results of the study of fish species identification using different fishing gears, obtained as many as 28 species found in the tugu fishing gear dominated by white shrimp species with a percentage of 76.78%; as many as 15 species in the gill net dominated by the selangat (Anodontostoma chacunda) fish species at 47.85%; as many as 21 species in the tiger trawl dominated by the nomei (Harpodon nehereus) fish species at 56.93%, and as many as 30 species in the sero fishing gear dominated by the Penaeus sp. species at 69.13%. The highest abundance was white shrimp at 19.19% found in the tugu fishing gear, respectively. This explains that each fishing tool has characteristics that result in different variations in the catch. The ecological implications of these areas as important nursery grounds, migration routes, and feeding grounds require fishing regulations and the selective use of fishing gear to sustainably increase fisheries productivity.
Accelerated invasion of Nypa fruticans during 2000-2024 in degraded mangrove ecosystem in Sumatra analysed using Google Earth Engine SYAIFUL EDDY; ANDI ARIF SETIAWAN; NORIL MILANTARA; RAHMAWATI RAHMAWATI; AZIZAN BILLARDI; AHMAD SUNDOKO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270110

Abstract

Abstract. Eddy S, Setiawan AA, Milantara N, Rahmawati, Billardi A, Sundoko A. 2026. Accelerated invasion of Nypa fruticans during 2000-2024 in degraded mangrove ecosystem in Sumatra analysed using Google Earth Engine. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270110. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270110. This study analyzes the invasion patterns of nipah (Nypa fruticans) and their implications for the degradation of the Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) ecosystem from 2000 to 2024. Using a unique methodological combination of large-scale, time-series analysis from Google Earth Engine (GEE) with high-resolution drone-based validation, we mapped land cover changes and quantified nipah expansion under intensifying anthropogenic pressures. Land cover classification from 2000, 2012, and 2024 revealed a sharp decline in native primary and secondary mangrove forests, concurrent with rapid increases in nipah-dominated areas, open lands, and plantations. This methodology allowed for a more comprehensive tracking and understanding of the invasion dynamics throughout the 2000-2024 timeframe. The Maximum Entropy algorithm was utilized to model the species' potential spread based on key environmental variables, including soil type, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, elevation, slope, temperature, and rainfall. The results show a significant decline in native mangrove cover, directly corresponding to an increase in nipah colonies and open areas, driven by anthropogenic activities such as illegal logging and land clearing. Between 2000 and 2024, the total area of primary and secondary mangroves decreased significantly, while the invasive nipah population experienced a nearly fivefold increase. Specifically, measurements show the loss of primary mangrove forest exceeded 50% during this period. This expansion was particularly dramatic during the 2012-2024 period, marking an acceleration of the invasion. These ecological transformations not only threaten biodiversity but also substantially diminish the forest’s carbon sequestration capacity, undermining regional climate mitigation efforts. Integrated management-combining policy enforcement, restoration of native mangroves, and community-based control of nipah-is urgently needed to restore ecological function and prevent further ecosystem collapse, which provides an urgent warning for conservation policy.
Diversity of gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in different altitude regions of the Zarafshan Mountains and adjacent areas, Uzbekistan ULUGBEK URALOV; JASUR KUDRATOV; ABDUVAEIT PAZILOV; ZUVAIDULLO IZZATULLAEV; FAZLITDIN KHALIMOV; BEKZOD OTAKULOV; ABDURASHID JABBAROV; SEMYON FUNDUKCHIEV; YOQUTOY ORZIYEVA; GOLIB SUYUNOV; BAKHTIYOR MELIEV ABDUXAMIDOVICH; KHUSNIDDIN BOYMURODOV; DOSTON GULBOEV; XULKAR URINOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261017

Abstract

Abstract. Uralov U, Kudratov J, Pazilov A, Izzatullaev Z, Khalimov F, Otakulov B, Jabbarov A, Fundukchiev S, Orziyeva Y, Suyunov G, Abduxamidovich BM, Boymurodov K, Gulboev D, Urinova X. 2025. Diversity of gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in different altitude regions of the Zarafshan Mountains and adjacent areas, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 26: 5012-5022. As an important part of the food chain in nature, it is of great importance to determine the systematic structure and diversity of mollusks. This study presents data obtained by assessing the current state of the taxonomic structure of gastropod mollusks in biogeographical regions with different vertical heights in the study area. The study area includes 15 locations in the Zarafshan Mountains of Uzbekistan and adjacent areas. The study sites were formed based on more than 3,000 samples collected in 2018-2025. It was found that the gastropod fauna of the region consists of 80 species belonging to 21 families and 35 genera. Using modern morphological and anatomical methods of species identification, Archaica haziratishaxika was identified for science; the following species were recorded for the first time as new species for the region, adding to the region's biodiversity: Sogdamnicola shadini, Lymnaea fragilis, Galba truncatula, Radix bactriana, Candaharia rozeni, Macrochlamys turanica, Macrochlamys kasnakowi, Vertigo antivertigo, and Chondrina intumescens. The results obtained will serve as a primary source for supplementing the data on the gastropod fauna of mountain ranges in Uzbekistan with the missing data on the Zarafshan Mountains and adjacent areas, and will provide specialists with the first information on this area.
Chemometric profiling of metabolites in Avicennia marina leaves from various locations in Indonesia FEBRIANSYAH HANIK DWI SAPUTRI; EKO SUSANTO; ANINDITIA SABDANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270139

Abstract

Abstract. Saputri FHD, Susanto E, Sabdaningsih A. 2026. Chemometric profiling of metabolites in Avicennia marina leaves from various locations in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270139. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270139. Avicennia marina is a mangrove species that thrives in extreme environments and produces various metabolites. This study analyzes variation in the secondary metabolite profiles of A. marina leaf extracts collected from three Indonesian locations: Cilacap, Pontianak, and Sangihe. The total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles were assessed using spectrophotometric assays and Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Chemometric analyses were performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The results showed that ethyl acetate leaf extracts of A. marina from Sangihe exhibited the highest levels of phenolics (13.811 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (76.179 mg QE/g), and antioxidant activity (0.556 µg/mL, 0.249 µg/mL, and 0.232 µg/mL) using three different methods. LC-HRMS detected 618 metabolite compounds. PCA showed clear clustering patterns among the sample groups, with two principal components: PC1, which explained variation by extraction technique, and PC2, which explained variation across ecological and genetic regions. These results indicate that environmental conditions and solvent types influence the type of metabolite compounds. Specific compounds such as 3-(decylsulfonyl)-5 and 8-tetradecadiene were predominant in samples from Pontianak, and lactucaxanthin (a carotenoid) was abundant in samples from Sangihe. These chemometric findings highlighted the ecological and pharmacological importance of A. marina and provided a foundation for future research on bioactive compound development and environmental metabolomics of tropical mangrove species.
Field evaluation of botanical and synthetic insecticides against fall armyworm in maize HAMDAN MARULI SIREGAR; DADANG DADANG; DEWI SARTIAMI; I WAYAN WINASA; ELI ZULKATRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261027

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar HM, Dadang, Sartiami D, Winasa IW, Zulkatri E. 2025. Field evaluation of botanical and synthetic insecticides against fall armyworm in maize. Biodiversitas 26: 5125-5131. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has emerged as a significant threat to maize production in Indonesia, leading to significant yield losses and ecological risks in control practices due to the overreliance on synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of botanical and synthetic insecticide applications on the population abundance and attack intensity of S. frugiperda, as well as their impact on parasitoid parasitism rate. The field experiment was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Farm, IPB University, during the vegetative stage using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven blocks and three treatments. These treatments include a botanical insecticide formulated as a 50 Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) from a hexane extract mixture of Piper retrofractum fruits and Annona squamosa seeds (2:1 w/w), a synthetic insecticide (emamectin benzoate 30 EC), and a control. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in R Studio version 4.4.2. The results showed that both insecticides effectively reduced the population abundance and attack intensity of S. frugiperda, with the synthetic insecticide exhibiting higher efficacy. However,  the botanical insecticide was found to be relatively safer for parasitoids. These findings emphasize the potential of botanical insecticides as a promising and ecologically safer alternative for pest control, suitable for integration into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, thereby supporting a more sustainable approach to maize production.
Long-term dynamics of fire-affected pine-dipterocarp forest in Northern Thailand RAPEEPORN KANTASRILA; JANJIRA MUENREW; WORANART THAMMARONG; NATCHA SUTJARITJAI; WIRATA RUJICHAIPIMON; SARAYUT RAKARCHA; WITTAYA PONGAMORNKUL; KRITTAPON MOOLLA; PRATEEP PANYADEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270211

Abstract

Abstract. Kantasrila R, Muenrew J, Thammarong W, Sutjaritjai N, Rujichaipimon W, Rakarcha S, Pongamornkul W, Moolla K, Panyadee P. 2026. Long-term dynamics of fire-affected pine-dipterocarp forest in Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270211. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270211. Fire disturbance is a critical ecological driver in Southeast Asian tropical forests, yet long-term empirical evidence of repeated fire regime remains limited. This study examined 13-year post-fire dynamics in a pine-dipterocarp forest using a 1-ha permanent plot at Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Northern Thailand. Trees with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ≥ 4.5 cm were monitored in 2012 and 2025, along with saplings (1.5-4.4 cm DBH) in the latter census. Species richness increased from 40 to 47 species, and basal area rose from 22.52 to 26.06 m² ha-¹, indicating structural recovery. Recruitment (1.63% yr-¹) exceeded mortality (1.15% yr⁻¹), suggesting demographic resilience. While dominant canopy species such as Pentacme siamensis, Quercus kingiana, Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, and Pinus kesiya persisted, the sapling layer was dominated by fast-growing deciduous species (Dalbergia suthepensis, Wendlandia tinctoria, and Lithocarpus sootepensis), indicating contrasting regeneration composition between life stages under repeated fire. Aboveground biomass increased from 135.57-159.21 to 148.05-173.62 t ha-¹ across allometries, with carbon stocks rising from 80.92-95.03 to 88.37-103.63 t C ha-¹. These results reflect net accumulation of biomass and carbon between 2012 and 2025 in the fire-affected forest. The study provides the first long-term evidence of demographic and carbon recovery in a fire-prone forest ecosystem in Thailand, underscoring the importance of permanent plot monitoring for adaptive fire management and climate change mitigation.
Home range of rehabilitated siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) in fragmented forest areas of South Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia RIFTA SEPTIAVI; AADREAN AADREAN; RIZALDI RIZALDI; AURELIEN F. BRULE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270113

Abstract

Abstract. Septiavi R, Aadrean, Rizaldi, Brule AF. 2026. Home range of rehabilitated siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) in fragmented forest areas of South Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270113. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270113. Effective post-release adaptation is critical to the long-term success of primate reintroduction programs, yet empirical data on how release duration influences ranging behavior remain limited. This study examined the home range size and spatial use of three rehabilitated siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) pairs released in fragmented forest areas in the Bukit Tengah Pulau and Bukit Salo forests within the PT KSI concession of South Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The subjects were released at different adaptation durations (9 months, 6 months, and 3 months) before observation. Home range estimates based on the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) method showed exploration areas of 26.64 ha, 23.45 ha, and 18.35 ha, respectively. Kernel Density analysis indicated that siamangs with shorter adaptation periods exhibited movements concentrated near feeding sites, whereas those with longer adaptation periods were more dispersed, reflecting greater foraging independence. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in home range size among groups (p<0.05). These findings indicate that longer post-release periods may facilitate greater ranging capacity, an essential factor for territory establishment and survival in the wild. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing release protocols in future primate conservation programs. Extended monitored release period conditioning combined with post-release habitat restoration is therefore recommended to improve long-term reintroduction success of siamangs and other arboreal primates.

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