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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Insect pollinators of oil palm plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia SITI HERLINDA; JELLY MILINIA PUSPITA SARI; WEI HONG LAU; ERISE ANGGRAINI; CHANDRA IRSAN; DELLANIA EKA RINDIANI; NOVRI NELLY; LISNAWITA LISNAWITA; RADIX SUHARJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261120

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Sari JMP, Lau WH, Anggraini E, Irsan C, Rindiani DE, Nelly N, Lisnawati, Suharjo R. 2025. Insect pollinators of oil palm plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5595-5611. Information on insect pollinator species of oil palm is crucial for management strategies that support sustainable production. This study aimed to identify pollinator insect species found in South Sumatra, Indonesia, and analyze their species diversity and abundance. Pollinators were sampled from male and female inflorescences at four time intervals (08:00-09:59 a.m., 10:00-11:59 a.m., 02:00-03:59 p.m., and 04:00-05:59 p.m.) using anthesis-based collection methods. The result showed that Elaeidobius kamerunicus and Elaeidobius spp. were the most common insect pollinators in oil palm production areas, occurring from lowland to midland regions. These species were present on both male and female inflorescences but were more abundant on male inflorescences, with peak activity recorded between 8:00 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. Apis mellifera and A. dorsata were also observed on both male and female inflorescences, though their activity was generally limited to the morning and midday periods. All species (E. kamerunicus, Elaeidobius spp., A. mellifera, and A. dorsata) are potential pollinators, as their visitation of both male and female inflorescences facilitates pollen transfer to the female flowers. Considering the continuous activity of E. kamerunicus and Elaeidobius spp. throughout the day, the use of contact insecticides in oil palm plantations should be avoided to reduce adverse impacts on pollinator populations. These findings provide baseline data for designing pollinator-friendly management practices in Indonesia's oil palm sector.
Responses of black soybean to rice husk-derived bio-silica nanoparticles and mycorrhiza on physiology and root development under drought stress DWI SUCI LESTARIANA; EDI PURWANTO; MUJI RAHAYU; SUPRIYONO SUPRIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261139

Abstract

Abstract. Lestariana DS, Purwanto E, Rahayu M, Supriyono. 2025. Responses of black soybean to rice husk-derived bio-silica nanoparticles and mycorrhiza on physiology and root development under drought stress. Biodiversitas 26: 5824-5837. This study investigated the combined effects of rice husk-derived bio-silica nanoparticles and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on the physiological and root development responses of two contrasting black soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, Malika and Detam 2. A factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Treatment included two cultivars (Malika, Detam 2), AMF (inoculated, non-inoculated), and five biosilica nanoparticle concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and mean differences were compared with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that cultivar Malika maintained 0.72% (p<0.05) lower H?O? accumulation and stronger antioxidant activity, while cultivar Detam 2 exhibited better root development when treated with 150-200 ppm biosilica nanoparticle and combined with AMF inoculation, showing the longest length (37 cm; p<0.05) and the greatest volume (3.17 cm³; p<0.05). These improvements indicate that bio silica nanoparticles supported redox stability and osmotic regulation, while AMF strengthened nutrient acquisition and root elongation. Overall, the integrated application of AMF and bio silica nanoparticles induced complementary biochemical and morphological tolerance mechanisms in both cultivars, enhancing drought resilience through reduced oxidative stress, improved osmotic balance, and strengthened root development. This study provides evidence of synergistic interactions between AMF and rice husk-derived bio-silica nanoparticles in black soybean, offering a sustainable, waste-based strategy to improve legume productivity under dryland and climate-stress conditions.
Metagenomic comparison of bacterial diversity in kefir grains and liquid kefir KURNIAWAN KURNIAWAN; TIANA MILANDA; SRI AGUNG FITRI KUSUMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261235

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawan, Milanda T, Kusuma SAF. 2025. Metagenomic comparison of bacterial diversity in kefir grains and liquid kefir. Biodiversitas 26: 6378-6388. This study compared the bacterial community composition of kefir grains and their corresponding whey from cow's milk fermentation using 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis revealed 405 bacterial species in kefir grains and 294 in whey, with 118 species shared between both matrices. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens dominated both environments, followed by Lactobacillus helveticus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Three key ecological patterns emerged. First, kefir grains exhibited higher microbial richness and diversity, reaffirming their role as the primary microbial reservoir during fermentation. Second, a core microbiome common to both matrices indicated functional continuity between solid and liquid phases, ensuring the stable transfer of fermentative consortia. Third, distinct community structures in the liquid phase were shaped by ecological filtering, where oxygen-tolerant taxa such as acetic acid bacteria gained relative dominance. The study highlights the ecological complexity and regional uniqueness of Indonesian artisanal kefir, which showed greater microbial richness than most reported global datasets. The results provide insights for enhancing food safety, optimizing probiotic formulations, microbial succession, core community dynamics, and potential probiotic resources for food biotechnology. These findings underscore the ecological complexity and regional distinctiveness of Indonesian artisanal kefir, which exhibited higher microbial richness than most global reports.
In-situ screening of high-yielding maize (Zea mays) for climate resilience in the semi-arid tropics of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia ERLANGGA DWI ATMOJO; SHANASYA NAJWA DEVYA ASYARI; AZERI GAUTAMA ARIFIN; ARIFIN NOOR SUGIHARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261240

Abstract

Abstract. Atmojo ED, Asyari SND, Arifin AG, Sugiharto AN. 2025. In-situ screening of high-yielding maize (Zea mays) for climate resilience in the semi-arid tropics of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6427-6436. Developing climate-resilient maize (Zea mays) is crucial for ensuring food security in Indonesia's semi-arid regions, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara, where recurring droughts severely impact maize productivity. Maize farming in these areas faces extreme environmental challenges, highlighting the need for varieties capable of thriving under water-limited conditions. This study evaluated the performance of ten top-cross maize hybrids (UB 21-UB 30), derived from elite S3 inbred lines, under semi-arid conditions, comparing them to two commercially available varieties as controls. Genetic parameters were calculated from variance components, phenotypic variation was assessed using analysis of variance, and superior hybrids were identified through hierarchical clustering and Genotype × Trait (GT) analysis. The studied traits showed medium to high heritability, with low to moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation. UB 25 emerged as the top performer, with a potential yield of 6.39 t ha⁻¹, surpassing the best commercial variety. This hybrid also demonstrated significant drought resilience, characterized by a shorter anthesis-silking interval and fewer unfilled tips, both of which are essential for maintaining yield stability under drought stress. Additionally, UB 28 was identified as another promising hybrid, exhibiting high yield potential and favorable stress-adaptive traits. These results underscore the importance of in-situ screening to identify maize varieties tailored to the specific challenges of semi-arid environments. The hybrids identified in this study provide a strong foundation for developing drought-resilient maize in Indonesia's semi-arid tropics.
Evaluating fruit morphological and physicochemical characteristics in different banana (Musa spp.) cultivars using multivariate analysis HALIMATUS SA’DIYAH; BUDI WALUYO; RIZA YULI RUSDIANA; VEGA KARTIKA SARI; ALFIAN FUTUHUL HADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270435

Abstract

Abstract. Sa’diyah H, Waluyo B, Rusdiana RY, Sari VK, Hadi AF. 2026. Evaluating fruit morphological and physicochemical characteristics in different banana (Musa spp.) cultivars using multivariate analysis. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270435. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270435. Banana (Musa spp.) are an important tropical fruit in Indonesia, widely cultivated and contributing significantly to local food production. Indonesia hosts numerous banana cultivars with diverse morphological and physicochemical characteristics; however, comprehensive trait-based evaluations of local cultivars, particularly those integrating multiple traits within a single analytical framework, remain limited. This study aimed to assess the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of 20 banana cultivars collected from traditional markets in East Java and to explore their variability using a multivariate statistical approach. Sixteen quantitative traits, including fruit biometric attributes and nutrient composition, were measured at a standardized ripening stage to enable meaningful cultivar comparisons at market-ready maturity. Cluster analysis using Euclidean distance with complete linkage and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to examine trait distributions and similarities among cultivars. The results showed clear phenotypic and nutritional variation among cultivars. Several cultivars were separated from others, each exhibiting a distinct profile. These cultivars had high levels of several quality-related traits, including high Fruit Firmness (FF), Total Soluble Solids (TSS), and nutrient content, indicating potential value for improving fruit quality. Meanwhile, several cultivars formed clusters characterized by more moderate trait values. Berlin was identified as an outlier with a distinctive profile, specifically in its moisture, ash, and carbohydrate content. The clustering patterns observed in the PCA biplot were consistent with the cluster heatmap, supporting the use of the methods for integrated characterization. Overall, this study demonstrates that combining morphological and physicochemical traits can uncover complex patterns of variability that may not be apparent through univariate assessment. These findings provide useful information for cultivar differentiation, utilization, and the conservation of local banana germplasm, while also highlighting the need for future studies integrating molecular approaches to better disentangle genetic and environmental influences on key quality traits and to support precision breeding for improved nutrition and stress adaptation.
Nutritional profiling of stingless bee bread (Meliponini) across species and sites in Riau, Indonesia ENI SUHESTI; YELMIZA YELMIZA; DITA FITRIANI; HADINOTO HADINOTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261217

Abstract

Abstract. Suhesti E, Yelmiza, Fitriani D, Hadinoto. 2025. Nutritional profiling of stingless bee bread (Meliponini) across species and sites in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6151-6161. Stingless bee bread is a nutrient-dense fermented pollen increasingly promoted as a functional food, yet Indonesian nutritional datasets remain scarce. This study characterizes proximate composition and vitamins A, B2, and E in bee bread from three stingless bee species (Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Trigona apicalis) managed by smallholders at multiple sites in Riau, Indonesia. For each species × site combination, bee-bread pots were pooled to obtain a homogenized composite, which was summarized on a unified fresh-mass basis. Group differences among species and sites were evaluated using non-parametric tests. At a co-occurring site, G. thoracica consistently exhibited the highest levels of vitamins A, B₂, and E; T. apicalis showed the highest total fat and fat-derived energy; and H. itama combined relatively high total energy with elevated protein. Within H. itama, site effects were evident, with vitamins A and E peaking at specific locations and vitamin B₂ at another. These patterns resolve into three practical nutritional signatures, vitamin-oriented in G. thoracica, lipid-oriented in T. apicalis, and relatively stable energy or protein in H. itama. While the pooled composite design constrains colony-level inference, the species- and site-resolved ranges reported here provide preliminary nutritional baselines that can inform future work on quality control and biodiversity-aligned meliponiculture.
Yield stability and adaptability of newly selected black rice mutant lines (Oryza sativa) across dry-season agroecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia AHMAD SOFIAN; EDI PURWANTO; SUTARNO SUTARNO; PARJANTO PARJANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270103

Abstract

Abstract. Sofian A, Purwanto E, Sutarno, Parjanto. 2026. Yield stability and adaptability of newly selected black rice mutant lines (Oryza sativa) across dry-season agroecosystems in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270103. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270103. Black rice (Oryza sativa) is a high-value functional food; however, its productivity remains low due to limited adaptability and narrow genetic diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the yield stability and adaptability of two selected black rice mutant lines compared to three check varieties across multiple dry-season agroecosystems in  Central Java, Indonesia. A multilocation trial was conducted at four sites in Klaten and Boyolali during the 2024 dry season using a randomized complete block design with five replications. The genetic materials consisted of two promising mutant lines (51 and 52) and three check varieties (Sembada, Jeliteng, and Cempo Ireng). Analyses included ANOVA, estimation of genetic parameters (GCV, PCV, and heritability), and stability-adaptability assessments using AMMI and GGE biplot models. There were significant genotype effects (p<0.01) on all major traits, with Genotype × Environment (G×E) interactions were significant for most growth traits but not for yield per plot and per hectare. The promising line 52 exhibited the highest mean yield (7.68 t ha⁻¹), significantly higher than the promising line 51 (6.43 t ha⁻¹) and the check varieties (≤5.98 t ha⁻¹). Broad-sense heritability estimates were greater than 50% for most yield-related traits, indicating strong genetic control. The promising line 52 exhibited the highest productivity with specific adaptation to certain environments, whereas promising line 51 demonstrated moderate yield performance with broader stability and adaptability. These findings confirm the presence of G×E interactions influencing yield expression. Therefore, multi-season testing is required to obtain a more comprehensive evaluation of yield stability and adaptability under varying climatic conditions, ensuring the selection of superior black rice genotypes that are high-yielding, stable, and resilient to seasonal fluctuations.
Distribution and environment-rhodomyrtone of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa in Peninsular Thailand NUTCHANART KONGCHUAY; JUTARUT IEWKITTAYAKORN; AUNKAMOL KUMNGEN; SUPAYANG P. VORAVUTHIKUNCHAI; SARA BUMRUNGSRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270312

Abstract

Abstract. Kongchuay N, Iewkittayakorn J, Kumngen A, Voravuthikunchai SP, Bumrungsri S. 2026. Distribution and environment-rhodomyrtone relationship of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa in Peninsular Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270312. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270312. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that yields the antibiotic compound rhodomyrtone. It has been depleted due to changes in land use, therefore, the ecological requirements of the species in its natural habitats need to be investigated to advance its commercial cultivation. This study aimed to explore environmental and soil physicochemical factors affecting the rhodomyrtone content present in R. tomentosa leaves. Soil texture and soil chemical properties were examined. Leaves were extracted and rhodomyrtone content was quantified.  R. tomentosa was found in 54 sites in peninsular Thailand and mostly found in open areas, in acidic soil (pH 4.31-6.36) at low elevation (4-129.5 m asl). The results showed that the species is found in poor soil with very low nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents. R. tomentosa predominantly grows in sandy soil containing fine to coarse sand (125-500 µm). No significant correlation was observed between rhodomyrtone content and soil pH, % organic matter, N, P, or K. In contrast, rhodomyrtone content positively correlates with percent shade cover. Further experimental study is needed to confirm this observation. For commercial cultivation, this shrub should be planted in lowland, sandy, nutrient-poor soil of low pH, and under light shade to promote rhodomyrtone production.
Microclimate diversity across sweet corn varieties and implications for agrobiodiversity in precision intercropping CARLA FRIEDA PANTOUW; BRAYEN PATANDEAN; ARYA WIDURA RITONGA; MUHAMAD ACHMAD CHOZIN; AGUS RACHMAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261037

Abstract

Abstract. Pantouw CF, Patandean B, Ritonga AW, Chozin MA, Rachmat A. 2025. Microclimate diversity across sweet corn varieties and implications for agrobiodiversity in precision intercropping. Biodiversitas 26: 5238-5247. The intercropping of sweet corn (Zea mays) and bird’s eye chili (Capsicum frutescens) is a promising land-use intensification strategy to improve resource-use efficiency while strengthening agrobiodiversity. This study evaluated four sweet corn varieties (Arinta, Exotic, Talenta, and Paragon) combined with two chili genotypes, Bonita (shade-loving) and Ori 212 (shade-tolerant), arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications at the Pasir Kuda Experimental Station, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia. Microclimate parameters (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity) were recorded with data loggers and lux meters, while chili morphophysiological traits included plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and physiological responses. Results indicated that variation in sweet corn canopy architecture significantly altered microclimatic conditions. Exotic and Talenta reduced light intensity by 43% (to 35,000 lux), which favored the growth of Ori 212 (height 65.25 cm; leaf area 19.61 cm²). Paragon created the coolest and most humid microclimate (29.7°C; 61.95% RH), stimulating maximum leaf expansion in Bonita (20.98 cm²). Arinta maintained higher light levels (47,633 lux), while the open control (>62,000 lux) suppressed chili growth (height 25 cm; leaf area 6-9 cm²) due to heat stress and photoinhibition. Pearson correlation further revealed strong positive associations among photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, demonstrating that microclimate directly regulates chili physiological dynamics. In conclusion, sweet corn canopy diversity plays a decisive role in shaping niche differentiation for chili in intercropping systems. The Exotic-Ori 212 and Paragon-Bonita combinations emerged as the most compatible patterns for achieving balanced growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and strengthened agrobiodiversity in sustainable tropical farming systems.
Urban bird communities and conservation status in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia HADINOTO HADINOTO; ENI SUHESTI; EDDISYAH PUTRA PANE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261212

Abstract

Abstract. Hadinoto, Suhesti E, Pane EP. 2025. Urban bird communities and conservation status in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6099-6110. Urban green spaces can sustain considerable avian diversity in rapidly expanding tropical cities, yet empirical evidence from Indonesia remains limited. We assessed species composition, conservation status, and functional guilds across a mosaic of green open spaces in Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia. Using standardized point counts and transect surveys, we recorded 71 species from 35 families, including three migratory taxa. Thirteen species are nationally protected; 16 appear on the IUCN Red List (CR-NT); and six occur in the CITES Appendices, notably Appendix I Leucopsar rothschildi. Functional composition was dominated by insectivores, indicating potential contributions to urban pest regulation. Habitat associations and feeding guilds mediated vulnerability: wetland and insectivore dependent species were most sensitive to habitat degradation, whereas granivores were affected by agricultural land use change. The co-occurrence of nationally protected and globally threatened taxa within urban green spaces underscores their dual role as refugia and actionable conservation targets within the urban matrix. Nevertheless, persistent pressures habitat loss, land use conversion, and illegal wildlife trade threaten population persistence and complicate management. We recommend integrating multi-scale urban green-space planning with active population monitoring, stronger enforcement against wildlife trade, and targeted habitat management focused on wetland elements and insect resources. These measures can help maintain avian diversity and sustain ecosystem services provided by birds in tropical cities, while offering practical entry points for city level biodiversity strategies.

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