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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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The potential of agroforestry as an adaptation strategy to mitigate the impacts of climate change: A case study of Kiine Community, Kenya MUNENE ANNE NYARUAI; JOHN K. MUSINGI; BONIFACE N. WAMBUA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100307

Abstract

Nyaruai MA, Musingi JK, Wambua BN. 2018. The potential of agroforestry as an adaptation strategy to mitigate the impacts of climate change: A case study of Kiine Community, Kenya. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 170-177. This study has a purpose of evaluating the agroforestry potent as a conformation policy to the effects of climate change in the location of the study. One hundred farmers were used as study sample in collecting data with stratified sampling technique. To achieve data from individual farmers, both arranged and disarranged questionnaires were used. The study utilized questionnaires and observation timetable to collect data from individual farmers associated with the study objectives. The study found out that more preferable practices in agroforestry were planting the trees and shrubs as windbreakers, riparian forest buffers, silvopasture, and boundary planting while the less preferable practices were forest farming, alley cropping, and woodlots. It also found that the coaching to identify both indigenous and exotic agroforestry tree species is needed. In particular, 94% and 90% of the respondents got a feeling that the coaching on agroforestry practices and incorporation of exotic species is needed very much. The reason is that the feeling felt by respondents could give contribution to shortening the prolonged production time of trees on farm. On the contrary, 90% of the respondents are confident that agroforestry can increase catchment yield in rivers and streams, ameliorate the micro-climate, increase wood production as well as increase livestock health and products. The result showed that agroforestry has a direct link in increasing subsistence of people in the study area. Food (fruits), fodder, fuelwood, medicinal substances, gums, tannins, essential oils, fibers and waxes are the examples of agroforestry products sold by the surrounding farmers. The money will be used to provide second-tier facilities such as paying the tuition for their children or even getting healthcare facilities. The result shows that agroforestry is a method in agricultural production which can decrease the effects of human activities and climate change on the local environment. Agroforestry can increase the endurance of agricultural outturn to contemporary climate variance as well as prolonged climate change by means of the utilization of trees for intensification, diversification and supporting of farming systems.
Influence of NAA and coconut water with variation of soaking duration on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cutting TIA SETIAWATI; AGINTA PUTRI REHULINA KELIAT; RULY BUDIONO; RUHYAT PARTASASMITA; JOHAN ISKANDAR
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100308

Abstract

Setiawati T, Keliat APR, Budiono R, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J. 2018. Influence of NAA and coconut water with variation of soaking duration on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cutting. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 178-182. Yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad Ex. var. Striata) is one kind of bamboo used for industrial and household raw materials. Yellow bamboo propagation with branch cuttings has relatively low percentage of growth. To increase the growing success of yellow bamboo branch cuttings can be used growth regulators substance, such as NAA and coconut water. This study aimed to obtain the best combination of NAA and coconut water with the soaking duration in the growth of yellow bamboo branch cuttings. The study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 6 × 3 factorial arrangement with five replications. The first factor was the combination of NAA and coconut water (CW), which consisted of six levels, namely 100% CW, 20% NAA + 80% CW, 40% NAA + 60% CW, 60% NAA + 40% CW, 80% NAA + 20% CW and 100% NAA. The second factor was the soaking duration which consists of three levels, namely 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h. Parameters observed included shoot emerging time, shoot number, shoot length, leaf area, root number and root length. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) ?=5%. The results showed that the combination of 80% NAA + 20% CW gave the best yellow bamboo branch cuttings growth with an average shoot length of 1.44 cm, leaf area 41.29 cm2, root number 42.87 and root length 23.70 cm. The interaction of 80% NAA + 20% CW with soaking duration of 36 h resulted in average the fastest shoot emerging time of 2.02 days after planting.
Effect of sucrose and plant growth regulators on callogenesis and preliminary secondary metabolic of different explant Myrmecodia tuberosa YANTI PUSPITA SARI; EKO KUSUMAWATI; CHAIRUL SALEH; WAWAN KUSTIAWAN; SUKARTINGSIH SUKARTINGSIH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100309

Abstract

Sari YP, Kusumawati E, Saleh C, Kustiawan W, Sukartingsih. 2018. Effect of sucrose on callogenesis and preliminary secondary metabolic of different explant (Myrmecodia tuberosa). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 183-192. Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack is a medicinal plant that contains bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, tocopherols, phenols, and an abundance of minerals, that are useful as antioxidants. With the constant increases in popularity of the medicinal plant, the M. tuberosa is threatened by extinction if over-exploitation continues. Thus, the effort to conserve this plant is vital. Tissue culture is an alternative method to conserve and produce active compounds that are similar to those of the native ant nest plant with callus. The addition of certain compounds such as sucrose can affect the secondary metabolite content through in vitro plant or callus. The aim of this research was to find the explant sources (cotyledon, stem, tuber, and root), determine the best growth regulator to produce the callus, and evaluate the optimum sucrose concentration to enhance secondary metabolite production of the callus. The results showed that callus was obtained from all explant sources and all growth regulators. The best callus that was marked by a friable green and yellowish green callus was provided by cotyledon with the growth regulator of 2 mg?L-1 of 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) and 2 mg?L-1 of kinetin. Calli treated with 30 g of sucrose resulted in the best secondary metabolites, containing alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids.
Incorporation of dietary palm date pits in all-male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets NEDAL MOHAMMED SIDDIG SWAR; ASAAD HASSAN WIDAA MOHAMED
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100310

Abstract

Swar NMS, Mohamed AHW. 2018. Incorporation of dietary palm date seeds in all-male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 193-202. The study utilizes a 45-days randomized factorial design 3×2, three levels (25, 50 and 75%) of palm date seeds, three levels (non, with and without) of 3% bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and three replicates. The observation was carried out in twenty-one plastic aquaria. All-male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were put in each aquarium. Each aquarium was provided with well-aerated and triggered dechlorinated tap water with an average weight of 1.9±1.11 g/fish (10 fish/aquaria) and a total length of 5.18±0.69 cm/fish. Fish were given food three times/day (10 days, at 8.30,11.30, 3.30 A.M) at a rate of 12, 8 and 4% of body weight, to examine the impact of partial substitution of animal protein (fish meal) in the diet on growth achievement, carcass contexture, feed utilization, condition factor (k) and feed expense. Seven experimental diets were prepared; control diet (T0, CP 36.84) concluding 45% (fish meal) as animal protein and 0% (palm date seed meal) plant protein. Tested diets (T1, T2 and T3) concluding 25, 50, 75% with 3% bakery yeast (CP 35.71, 35.53, 34.74) and 25, 50, 75% without yeast (CP36.01, 36.27 and 35.57) respectively ; so, they substitute about 75, 50, and 25 of fish meal diet respectively. The outcomes showed that, tilapia were given food on T1, T2 and T4 diets (25, 50, and 25%) substitution with and without yeast respectively registered the greater growth achievement, feed and protein utilization than other experimental diets such as control diet, also they indicate the highest condition factor (K) grades which state that the fish are in decent health. Tilapia were given food by diet T3 (25% fish meal) T5, T6 (50 and 25% fish meal) with and without yeast respectively possessed deficient growth and diverged remarkably (p>0.05) from the other diets. Diet contexture remarkably had an impact on carcass contexture. These data prompted that Palm date seed with and without yeast S. cerevisiae can, to a certain extent, substitute fish meal (animal protein) in a diet for all-male Nile tilapia fingerlings at level-up to 50 and 25% with and without yeast respectively, without any unfavorable result on accretion achievement. Furthermore, fish diet, partially substituted with 3% yeast, resulted from superior accretion achievement than other diets within the present experimental circumstance. This study showed that there is an economic efficiency of confounding palm date seed (plant protein) as partial substitution of fish meal (animal protein) with and without yeast in all-male Nile tilapia, that it could decrease the expense of feeds.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity of the IGF2 gene as a source of genetic marker for halal authentication ANTI DAMAYANTI HAMDANI; MADIHAH .; RR. BHINTARTI SURYOHASTARI; DEWI PETI VIRGIANTI; RAHAYU FITRIAYANI WANGSA PUTRIE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100401

Abstract

Hamdani AD, Madihah, Suryohastari RB, Virgianti DP, Putrie RFW. 2018. Genetic diversity of the IGF2 gene as a source of genetic marker for halal authentication. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 203-209. The main issue of halal authenticity is the availability of reliable and rapid analytical methods to identify animal species in raw and processed food. The two most popular procedures for identifying the source of the meat are protein-based and DNA-based methods, including mass spectroscopy (MS) using a peptide marker or PCR based DNA marker, respectively. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene, mainly from porcine (Sus scrofa) and bovine (Bos taurus) as a source of genetic marker for halal authentication by in-silico analysis using bioinformatic tools. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction of IGF2 protein sequences from representative species of mammals, birds, and fishes showed the paraphyletic relationship between the IGF2 protein of S. scrofa and B. taurus. Protein structure analysis revealed differences in helical structures near the carboxyl end of the protein, while gene analysis showed different number of exon and motifs. By in-silico analysis, we have designed a peptide marker from amino acids at position of 93-107 (S. scrofa) and 93-112 (B. taurus) from peptide preptin region that resulted in different pattern of mass spectrum between the two species. We have also identified two DNA markers that can be detected by PCR using two primers sets designed from the IGF2 transcript sequences, to examine the presence of porcine in the sample. Thus, this study provides new genetic predictive markers, derived from the IGF2 gene, to identify the source of meat for halal authentication.
Intracellular antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura leaves methanolic extract AULIA NUR RAHMAWATI; OKID PARAMA ASTIRIN; ARTINI PANGASTUTI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100402

Abstract

Rahmawati AN, Astirin OP, Pangastuti A. 2018. Intracellular antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura leaves methanolicextract. Nusantara Bioscience 19: 210-214. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) results in oxidative damage that destroys proteins,lipids, and DNA, resulting in various diseases and accelerating the aging process. Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability tosuppress oxidative stress. Muntingia calabura has a high phytochemical content, especially the phenolic group that can act asantioxidant. This study aimed to determine the intracellular antioxidant activity of M. calabura leaves methanolic extract (MLME)through intracellular ROS levels in 3T3 fibroblast cells under normal condition and oxidative stress due to UVB exposure. Tests wereperformed using the DPPH (Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and modified NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazolium). Testing of antioxidantactivity with DPPH method obtained result that MLME had high antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 3.030 ?g mL-1, whileintracellular antioxidant activity with modified NBT method showed that MLME statistically had significant effect on intracellular ROSlevel under normal condition (p < 0.05) based on dose-dependent manner, but not significant (p > 0.05) under oxidative stress condition.Significant effects were only shown at a concentration of 20 ?g mL-1 against the control of oxidative stress due to UVB exposure.
Effects of salinity and external proline on seed germination and early growth of Cucumis sativus cv. super ps FARIBA AMINI; MEHRY ASKARY; FAHIMEH MOHTASHAMI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100403

Abstract

Amini F, Askary M, Mohtashami F. 2018. Effects of salinity and external proline on seed germination and early growth of Cucumis sativus cv. super ps. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 215-220. Salinity is one of the important abiotic stresses that has an adverse effect on plant productions. High salt concentrations had negative effects on plant processes such as seed germination, seedling growth and turgescent, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting stages. Proline as a compatible solution plays an important role in defense mechanisms of cellular stress. This study was done to evaluate effects of proline pretreatment (0 and 20 mM) in terms of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on cucumber cv. super ps. The obtained results proved that salinity treatments had significant effects on seed germination rate. On the contrary, application of proline had no significant effect on germination percentages of control and salt-stressed seeds. The root fresh weight and length of plant reduced with salinity increment while proline treatment had positive significant effects on the root dry as well as the fresh weight. Although, no significant variation was found in the root length and dry weight of cultivars treated with proline under salinity stresses. Meanwhile, the shoot length and dry weight of plants declined after salt-stressed treatments. While this condition increased the fresh weight of shoot. Proline treatments increased all of observed parameters but there were no significant variation found in the root length or dry weight of plants treated under saline stresses. The total soluble carbohydrate of plants had positive significant correlation with salt concentration, but the application of proline declined carbohydrate amounts in both salt-stressed and non-stressed plant. Salinity stress increased sodium, proline, protein contents and CAT enzyme, GPOX as well as MDA concentrations, while in the proline-treated plants salinity stresses had no significant effect on CAT, GPOX, MDA concentrations and internal proline amount.
Evaluating the potential of indigenous Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer and biopesticide against Rhizoctonia solani MAIMUNA NONTJI; AMRAN MUIS; NURMI NONCI; NURJANNAH NONCI; FARIZAH DHAIVINA AMRAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 11 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n110113

Abstract

Abstract. Nontji M, Muis A, Nonci N, Nonci N, Amran FD. 2019. Evaluating the potential of indigenous Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer and biopesticide against Rhizoctonia solani. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 79-83. Rhizobacteria are living in area of plant roots, some of them are potential as biofertilizers and biopesticides agents. This study aims to evaluate the potential of 10 isolates indigenous rhizobacteria as biofertilizer and biopesticide against banded leaf and sheath blight disease on corn. The potential of biofertilizer was evaluated by ability fixing nitrogen in Burk’s N free medium, dissolving phosphate and producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone with spectrophotometry method. The potential of biopesticide was evaluated by synergistic of analysis with double culture method. The result of study showed that the best indigenous rhizobacteria was isolated code 10. It has potential as a biofertilizer agent (0.22% for fixing nitrogen, 18.875 ppm for dissolving phosphate and producing IAA hormone 1.524 ppm). It is also having potential as biopesticide agent against Rhizoctonia solani with relative inhibition level (RIL) of 31.3%. Isolate code 10 and code 6 are able to live in synergy so that it can be recommended as biofertilizer and biopesticide agent to form the consortium as a biological fertilizer.
Short Communication: Association of GH, IGF1R, and PIT1 genes polymorphism with average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle ARNIM .; TINDA AFRIANI; YURNALIS .; DINO EKA PUTRA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 10 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n100404

Abstract

Arnim, Yurnalis, Afriani T, Putra DE. 2017. Short Communication: Association of GH, IGF1R, and PIT1 genes polymorphismwith average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 221-225. Growth hormone (GH) andinsuLin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R), and Pit1 gene has important effect on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in manyspecies. The objectives of the present study were to study the associations of the GH/AluI, GH/MboII, IGF1R/MspI and PIT1/HinfI withgrowth and body measurent such as body length (BL), chest girth (CG), height withers (HW) in Pesisir cattle. A total 175 Pesisir cattlewere used in this study. Weight gain, and body measurement were fitted using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the SASprogram. The resuLts showed significant associations between the CC genotype of the GH/MboII polymorphism and higher weight gainand height withers (p < 0.05). The GH/AluI polymorphism did not have any effect on the weight gain and body measurement. Allelefrequencies were found as A: 0.374 and B: 0.626 in GH/MboII polymorphism in GH gene. The effect of GH/AluI polymorphisms wasnot observed on average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle (P>0.05). The effect of IGF1R/MSpI polymorphism was notobserved on average daily gain but show significant association between AA and AB genotype and height withers (p < 0.005). ThePIT1/HinfI polymorphism was not associated with average daily gain and body measurement in Pesisir cattle. The resuLts demostratedthat the GH/MboII and GHR1/MspI polymorphisms couLd be used as a candidate gene for selection in Pesisir cattle.
The nutrient content of Plecostomus (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) flesh from Ciliwung River Jakarta, Indonesia DEWI ELFIDASARI; AFINA PUTRI SHABIRA; IRAWAN SUGORO; LAKSMI NURUL ISMI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 11 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n110106

Abstract

Abstract. Elfidasari D, Shabira AP, Sugoro I, Ismi LN. 2019. The nutrient content of Plecostomus (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) flesh from Ciliwung River Jakarta, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 30-34. One of the rivers in Jakarta, Indonesia that becomes the habitat of fish is Ciliwung River with Plecostomus as the dominant fish. The abundant number of Plecostomus in the Ciliwung river is utilized by the people living near the river basin area of Ciliwung River Jakarta as the main to produce food. As a source of animal nutrients, the contents of protein, fats, and carbohydrate in Plecostomus from Ciliwung River Jakarta has not been identified. The aforementioned condition has been the trigger to conduct this research aiming at identifying the contents of protein, fats, and carbohydrate in Plecostomus flesh from Ciliwung River Jakarta. The methods employed were Kjeldahl method to find out protein content, extraction method to test the fats, and by difference method to test carbohydrate with prior test of ashes using ash-drying method. The result shows that the smaller-sized Plecostomus with 18-23 cm in length had the highest contents of protein, fats, and ashes (50.0517%; 1.1261%; 1.1446%). Meanwhile, the medium-sized Plecostomus with 24-28.5 cm in length had the highest carbohydrate content (52.9905%). Statistical test using ANOVA with Duncan’s multiple range test shows that the contents of protein, fats, and carbohydrate in smaller, medium, and larger-sized Plecostomus do not show significant difference. The body length of Plecostomus from Ciliwung River Jakarta does not give significant effect on the contents of protein, fats, and carbohydrate in its flesh.

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