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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Biological responses of Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to rhythmic sound patterns (music and religious chants) Sachithri Munasinghe; Shyama Weerakoon; Senaviratnege Somaratne
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120211

Abstract

Abstract. Munasinghe DSP, Weerakoon SR, Somaratne S. 2020. Biological responses of Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to rhythmic sound patterns (music and religious chants). Nusantara Bioscience 12: 154-161. Influences of music cause either promoting or restricting the growth of plants. The effects of Pirith chanting and rhythmic sound patterns (Western classical music, Eastern classical music, Rock music) were focused in the present study. Seeds of Two (02) rice varieties (Bg 300 and Kuruluthuda) in f0 and f1 generations were subjected to dormancy break treatment, kept in a soundproof confined chamber, and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two (02) replicates and 10 seeds per replicate. Seeds were germinated under the three sound rhythms, Pirith chanting, and silence. Plants kept under silence served as the control. Sound rhythms and Pirith were played separately for an hour, at 30 cm distance away from the seeds with an intensity of 55-60 dB for seven (07) days continuously, maintaining equal environmental conditions. Following seven (07) days, the percentile germination rate was recorded. Germinated seeds were planted in plastic pots filled with paddy soil, up to ¾ of the total depth, and pots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five (05) replicates and three (03) plants per replicate. Following one week, plants were subjected to sound rhythm treatments and silence for three (03) months continuously. Measurement of growth and yield performance were recorded every fortnight. Significantly different (p < 0.05) growth and yield performances in both generations were observed under Pirith, Eastern Classical and Western Classical music. Higher rates of growth were observed for rice varieties exposed to Pirith, Eastern and Western classical music. Similarly, yield was also higher compared to rice varieties exposed to rock music. The findings suggest that soft rhythmic sounds are the most appropriate type of music which improved growth and yield performance of rice varieties, Bg 300, and Kuruluthuda. However, further studies are needed to confirm present results and to elucidate the mechanism of responses to Pirith chanting and other rhythmic sound patterns using phytochemical and biochemical analyses.
The use of betel (Piper betle) leaves for maintaining the health of women and children at various ethnic groups in Indonesia Lucie Widowati; Lestari HAndayani; Rohmat Mujahid
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120206

Abstract

Abstract. Widowati L, Handayani L, Mujahid R. 2020. The use of betel (Piper betle) leaves for maintaining the health of women and children at various ethnic groups in Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 120-126. Betel is considered as one of the popular medicinal plants. Traditional uses of betel are mainly for maternal and child health, and frequently applied by the local communities. The study was carried out to determine the traditional use of betel. The method used a descriptive approach by analyzing the data collected from the RISTOJA Project in the year of 2012, 2015, and 2017. Data collection was conducted in 34 provinces of Indonesia through the survey of local knowledge of ethnomedicine and community-based medicinal plants. We collected the data using semi-structured interviews with traditional healers. The study revealed some medicinal related purposes, such as (i) Beauty care/cosmetic; (ii) Female genital organ; (iii) Fertility disorders; (iv) Pre and postnatal; (v) Stimulating breast milk, and (vi) Baby and children care. The RISTOJA project proved that the use of betel in health care for women and children is a lot so that it should be more developed. Previous studies also proved that betel is efficacious and safe for women and children. On the contrary, unhygienic way of services in traditional rituals and beliefs need to be supervised so that there is no harmful effect on the consumer. We propose establishing guidance to the traditional healers so that they can understand the safety and efficacy of traditional medicine and hygienic traditional health services.  
Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly Dawoud Kshvary; Yavar Rassi; Kourosh azizi; MOHAMMAD ALI OSHAGHI; SAYENA RAFIZADEH; ALI MOHAMMAD ALIMOHAMMADI; MARZIEA SHAHRIARI NAMADI; SEYEDEH ZAHRA PARKHIDEH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120201

Abstract

Abstract. Keshavarzi D, Rassi Y, Azizi K, Oshaghi MA, Rafizadeh S, Alimohammadi AM, Namadi MS, Parkhideh SZ. 2020. Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 87-91.  The development rate/time of flies is a scientific method to estimate the minimum time elapsed after death. Several studies have shown that opioids and temperature affect maggot growth rates. However, there are few published data that investigate the effect of ante-mortem methadone use on larval length of Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate/time of this species. During this study, four rabbits were administered 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg of methadone via gavage over a period of 14 days, and a five rabbit, which did not receive methadone, was used as a control. The rabbits' tissues were separated and exposed to maggots for rearing. Minimum developmental times of C. vicina life stages at six constant temperature regimes were provided. From hours 48 to 96, larvae feeding on tissues containing 10 mg/kg methadone developed more rapidly than those feeding on tissues containing 0.1, 0.50, and 1 mg/kg and also from the control. In the present study, development rate of C. vicina was linearly related to temperature (R2 = 0.96, p =0.02) between 16 and 32°C. The results revealed that the differences observed in the rates of development were sufficient to alter postmortem interval estimates based on larval development by up to 24 h.
Short communication: Effects of Canarium indicum oil in enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats Hamidah Rahman; KUSNANDAR ANGGADIREDJA; TUTUS GUSDINAR; JOHNNER P. SITOMPUL; TURSINO TURSINO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120213

Abstract

Abstract. Rahman H, Anggadiredja K, Gusdinar T, Sitompul JP, Tursino. 2020. Short communication: Effects of Canarium indicum oil in enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 168-174. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the neurotrophins family and plays an essential role during the development of neurons called neurogenesis. Since BDNF is critical for the function and survival of neurons, thus it represents the neuroprotective agent which useful in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated BDNF serum concentrations after feeding the canarium oil (CO) and Canarium oil-based structured triglyceride (COST) in rats. Analysis of the BDNF serum was conducted by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the CO and the COST with the main composition of unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position as much as 94.92% mol may enhance BDNF serum concentrations of up to 2.66% and 21.96% compared to the normal group of rats, respectively. This finding proves that the COST has prospects as an inducer of BDNF. However, further studies should be conducted to identify the precise dosage and safety products.
Short Communication: Stimulatory effect of Curcuma mangga on immune response against Staphylococcus aureus Yuandani YUANDANI; SONY EKA NUGRAHA; LIA LAILA; SETIA DAME SILABAN; FADHILAH RAMADHANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120204

Abstract

Abstract. Yuandani, Nugraha SE, Laila L, Silaban SD, Ramadhani F. 2020. Short Communication: Stimulatory effect of Curcuma mangga on immune response against Staphylococcus aureus. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 109-113. Recently, the ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizomes were found to have immunomodulatory activity by enhancing phagocytic ability. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of C. mangga rhizomes on antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in normal and doxorubicin-induced rats against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) to rats for 72 hours prior to sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus, then continued for 14 days. Doxorubicin (4.67 mg/kg bw) was administered on days 8 and 11 to suppress the immune system. The antibody titer of normal and immune-suppressed rats after the treatment with C. mangga ethanolic extract was significantly higher than the rats with negative control (P<0.05). Ethanol extract of C. mangga also demonstrated stimulation on delayed-type hypersensitivity response which was indicated by the increase of paw volume. The extract at dose of 400 mg/kg bw showed higher immunostimulatory activity than Levamisole as a positive control. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of C. mangga shows immunostimulatory activity, confirming its potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent.
Melissopalynological analysis of honey produced by two species of stingless bees in Lombok Island, Indonesia Lalu Zulkan Jayadi; Ratna Susandarini
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120203

Abstract

Abstract. Jayadi LZ, Susandarini R. 2020. Melissopalynological analysis of honey produced by two species of stingless bees in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 97-108. Honey is a natural product with a variety of benefits that commonly used as food sweeteners, health supplements, and traditional medicine. There has been no comprehensive publication regarding the diversity of pollen contained in honey produced by stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps and Heterotrogona itama from Lombok. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of pollen content in honey through melissopalynological analysis of honey samples produced by two species of stingless bees T. laeviceps and H. itama in Lombok Island. This melissopalynological study was performed on honey samples obtained from nine villages from nine sub-districts representing the three districts on Lombok Island. Pollen extraction from honey was carried out using standard methods for melissopalynological analysis. The diversity of pollen recovered from honey varied from 15 to 41 pollen types. Total number of plant species whose pollen was recovered from honey samples was 127 which consisted of 61 families. The occurrence of predominant pollen type in particular unifloral honey samples indicated their botanical origin and presumed geographical origin of honey. Results of this study are useful in confirming botanical origin of honey and generating information on plants potential as food source for sustainable beekeeping in Lombok Island.
Short Communication: Lugol’s iodine test on Rafflesia patma–Tetrastigma leucostaphylum intersection tissue for preliminary starch visualization Adhityo Wicaksono; Sofi Mursidawati
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120202

Abstract

Abstract. Wicaksono A, Mursidawati S. 2020. Short Communication: Lugol’s iodine test on Rafflesia patma-Tetrastigma leucostaphylum intersection tissue for preliminary starch visualization. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 91-96. As holoparasitic plant, Rafflesia has no recognizable plastid genome, but it has plastid-like organelle. Despite the fact that it obtains nutrients from host plant, it is unknown if Rafflesia stores primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, from its host. A study was performed to visualize the starch in Rafflesia patma Blume proximal tissue which was intersected to its host root, Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston, using modified Sachs’ test with Lugol’s iodine. The result revealed the absence of blackening in the R. patma tissue caused by starch reaction with the iodine, but occurred in the root cortical tissue of T. leucostaphylum. The absence of starch in R. patma tissue indicated that possibly the plastid-like organ has no similar function to amyloplast, and starch is not used for storage in the flower. It is likely that R. patma relies completely on the host’s photosynthate to maintain the flower metabolism during anthesis period. However, detailed histochemical analysis for starch or carbohydrate is needed for confirmation whether the starch is existing even in small quantity, and molecular genetic observation on sucrose intake and flowering (anthesis) regulatory genes will also be required to confirm if Rafflesia takes the photosynthate directly from its host and possibility if Rafflesia coordinates the formation of flower bud and anthesis between the endophytic tissues to prevent overexploitation of nutrients from its host.
The application of NPK fertilizer boosts the nutrient uptake status and biomass production of Vernonia amygdalina Dwi Susanto; RUDIANTO AMIRTA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120205

Abstract

Abstract. Susanto D, Amirta R. 2020. The application of NPK fertilizer boosts the nutrient uptake status and biomass production of Vernonia amygdalina. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 114-119. Vernonia amygdalina Delile is a medicinal plant introduced in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the nutrients absorption status and growth of V. amygdalina plants planted with a spacing of 1x1 m. The study used a complete randomized block design with NPK compound fertilizer treatment with five doses of fertilizer namely 0 g (without fertilizer) as a control, 40 g, 80 g, 120 g, and 140 g, three blocks each group consisted of 10 plants so that in total there were 150 plants. The results showed that NPK fertilizer increased growth and the biomass of V. amygdalina. The best growth of V. amygdalina plant was achieved in plants applied with 160g per plant NPK fertilizer in which the average of stem diameter and plant height were 6.69 ± 0.930 cm and 611.67 ± 12.71 cm, while the estimated biomass yield was 407 tons.ha-1. The most nutritional elements accumulated in plant biomass was the calcium (1279.49 kg.ha-1), followed by magnesium (1167.0642 kg.ha-1), phosphorus (536.64 kg.ha-1), potassium (419.71 kg.ha-1) and nitrogen (134.4 kg.ha-1). We propose that these base nutrients are highly necessary for the cultivation of V. amygdalina as biomass feedstock or medicine plant.  
Growth and yield response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Tuktuk) from different source materials applied with liquid biofertilizers Jhon Hardy Purba; PUTU SRI WAHYUNI; ZULKARNAEN ZULKARNAEN; NANANG SASMITA; I GUSTI AYU DIAH YUNITI; NI PUTU PANDAWANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120207

Abstract

Abstract. Purba JH, Wahyuni PS, Zulkarnaen, Sasmita N, Yuniti IGD, Pandawani NP. 2020. Growth and yield response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Tuktuk) from different source materials applied with liquid biofertilizers. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 127-133. This research was to examine growth and yield of shallots using different sources of propagation material, namely true shallot seed (TSS) and bulbs. Soil biological fertility, which was generally low, was improved by the addition of liquid organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study a) to determine the differences in the propagation of plants from seeds and bulbs of shallot Tuktuk varieties, and b) to determine the effect of liquid biofertilizer maxigrow and rhizobacteria. The study used a one-factor randomized design. The results showed that the growth and yield of shallots propagated with bulbs were better than the origin of the seeds. The treatment of the two types of liquid biofertilizer produces tangible growth and yield, but there was no significant difference between the two kinds of liquid organic fertilizer.
Larval development of nypa palm worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae) Junardi Junardi; Tjandra Anggraeni; Ahmad Ridwan; Edy Yuwono
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120210

Abstract

Abstract. Junardi, Anggraeni T, Ridwan A, Yowono E. 2020. Larval development of nypa palm worm Namalycastis rhodochorde (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Nusantara Bioscience 12: 148-153. Namalycastis intensive culture is still facing problems in mass production due to limited information on reproduction, especially in fertilization and production of larvae. The present research was designated to find out optimum salinity for fertilization and the production of nypa palm worm larvae (Namalycastis rhodochorde). Gamete samples were collected using a capillary glass tube inserted into ventro-lateral part of a body segment of a mature worm. Artificial fertilization was done by mixing the sperms and oocytes in a fertilization dish containing sterilized seawater as the medium. The larval development was observed until the benthic phase larvae (3-setigers). Fertilization was performed in medium salinity of 7-21‰ and water temperature of 25-29°C. The cleavage and larva stage occurred respectively within 28.20 to 58.67 minutes and within 72 to 80 hours after fertilization. The fertilization and larval development of N. rhodochorde were highly influenced by the medium salinity and temperature.

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