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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Review: Phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology of Dracaena trifasciata WHIKA FEBRIA DEWATISARI; NELSIANI TO’BUNGAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160203

Abstract

Abstract. Dewatisari WF, To’bungan N. 2024. Review: Phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology of Dracaena trifasciata. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 169-184. Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. (syn. Sansevieria trifasciata Prain.) or mother-in-law's tongue, is a species belonging to the genus Dracaena, widely cultivated and used by various communities. This plant is recognized as an ornamental, pollutant-absorbing, and textile material. Its leaves and roots have also been used as traditional remedies across Asia and Africa for cough, flu, respiratory tract inflammation, diarrhea, wound healing, and snakebites. Bioactive compounds found in the roots and leaves include alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, phenols, methyl glucuronate acid, glycosides, cardenolides, polyphenols, carbohydrates, and abamagenin. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological potential of D. trifasciata. It also explores its use in traditional medicine and prospects for further advancement to promote the broader application. Comprehensive literature studies showed that the attributes of D. trifasciata can be applied as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer agent, having a promising source of natural compounds for novel drug development. Further investigations are needed to assess the long-term and short-term toxicity associated with the use of this plant material, thereby making it a potential source for the development of modern drugs from natural sources. Considering the extensive application of D. trifasciata as a natural remedy, further investigations are crucial to assess the pharmacological potential and safety.
Assessing the levels of heavy metals Cd, Cr, and Pb in the naturally occurring red seaweed Gracilariopsis heteroclada in Iloilo Province, Philippines, for potential mass cultivation RILEY A. BEUP; SAMANTHA GRACE E. FELONGCO; SHARMAINE JOY C. CAILIN; NICOLAS G. GUANZON JR.; RAYMUND N. FANTONALGO; ROLANDO V. PAKINGKING JR.
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160201

Abstract

Abstract. Beup RA, Felongco SGE, Cailin SJC, Guanzon Jr NG, Fantonalgo RN, Pakingking Jr RV. 2024. Assessing the levels of heavy metals Cd, Cr, and Pb in the naturally occurring red seaweed Gracilariopsis heteroclada in Iloilo Province, Philippines, for potential mass cultivation. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 149-153. The Philippines, a leading exporter of seaweed, has incorporated strategies in its Philippine Industry Seaweed Roadmap (2022-2026) to boost seaweed production. Therefore, to achieve this, potential sites for seaweed cultivation must undergo assessment for heavy metal content. A pilot study assessed heavy metals Cd, Cr, and Pb levels in red seaweed (Gracilariopsis heteroclada) sourced from three locations in Iloilo Province, Philippines: Site 1, a fishpond in Brgy, Nabitasan, Leganes; Site 2, along Dumangas Port coastline in Brgy, Sapao, Dumangas; and Site 3, a fishpond in Brgy, Talokgangan, Banate. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was employed to analyze heavy metal concentrations. The mean concentrations of Pb in G. heteroclada from Sites 1, 2, and 3 were 5.0129±0.0896, 5.0388±0.8749, and 3.5119±0.9262 mg/kg, respectively; for Cr, they were 3.3002±0.1436, 4.0464±0.3800, and 2.8027±0.1436 mg/kg, respectively. The mean Cd concentrations were also 0.8518±0.0349, 0.8115±0.0202, and 0.5423±0.0419 mg/kg, respectively. Although Cd levels met safety standards, Pb and Cr concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible levels set by the European Union (EU) and China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), respectively. This suggests that the examined sites may not be suitable for large-scale cultivation due to potential health risks from Pb and Cr exposure through seaweed consumption. Continued monitoring of toxic metal levels in these areas is therefore imperative.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Eucheuma denticulatum and Padina minor crude extracts in an egg albumin-induced paw edema of ICR mice ALITA S. LABIAGA; MICHAEL B. PLES; MARCO NEMESIO E. MONTAŇO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160211

Abstract

Abstract. Labiaga AS, Ples MB, Monta?o MNE. 2024. Anti-inflammatory effects of Eucheuma denticulatum and Padina minor crude extracts in an egg albumin-induced paw edema of ICR mice. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 245-250. Inflammation indicates that the body is unhealthy and exposed to harmful stimuli. Hence, it is important to study natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activities. This study assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts of Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Burman) F.S. Collins & Hervey and Padina minor (Yamada, 1925) in an egg albumin-induced paw edema of male Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice. This in vivo study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts from E. denticulatum and P. minor at a dose of 100 mg/kg and compared it with a commercial anti-inflammatory drug (mefenamic). The study showed a significant decrease in the paw size, body temperature, neutrophil count, and white blood cell count in mice treated with seaweed crude extracts. The results of the first hour showed that the Eucheuma ethanolic extract treatment had the highest decrease in paw size, and the highest temperature reduction was found in the treatment of Padina ethanolic extract. There are significant differences in paw size, temperature, and leukocytes between the control and treatment groups, as well as between the aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The extracts from E. denticulatum significantly decrease the temperature, paw size, and leukocytes, which are the inflammation markers of egg albumin-induced paw edema. The diverse seaweed in the country has various pharmacological potential that should be studied further to maximize utilization.
Optimization design of tetra-primer ARMS-PCR using SNP lectin gene and in silico characterization of lectin protein in rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) mutant of Bogor accessions NESTI F. SIANIPAR; ZIDNI MUFLIKHATI; KHOIRUNNISA ASSIDQI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160206

Abstract

Abstract. Sianipar NF, Muflikhati Z, Assidqi K. 2024. Optimization design of tetra-primer ARMS-PCR using SNP lectin gene and in silico characterization of lectin protein in rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) mutant of Bogor accessions. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 201-209. Rodent tuber plant (Typhonium flagelliforme (G.Lodd.) Blume) contains several anticancer compounds. Mutant plants have a higher cytotoxic effect than wild-type plants. This study aimed to devise a tetra-primer ARMS PCR using lectin gene SNPs to differentiate T. flagelliforme mutants and wild-type of Bogor accessions. A protein modeling study was also conducted to investigate the impact of point mutations on the structure of protein. The tetra-primer ARMS design and in silico protein modeling analysis were based on mutation points from previously sequenced lectin genes. A pair of primers was successfully designed using the missense mutation type specific to the SNP site that causes amino acid variation. The ARMS lec183 tetra-primer focuses on a 183 bp mutation in the lectin gene that converts threonine to arginine to provide a successful lec183 primer. The ARMS lec183 primer pair did not differentiate T. flagelliforme mutant plants from wild-type of Bogor accessions. The tetra-primer ARMS lec183 could be amplified successfully in all T. flagelliforme samples at a size of 278 bp outer primer and 193 bp inner primer, as determined by primer size. In the mutant protein structure, the 183 bp mutation results in amino acid changes that closely match those in wild-type proteins.
Comparative assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption capacities in Koompassia malaccensis and Hopea nervosa in Tekam Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia HASYA HANNANI RUZIMAN; AZIAN MOHTI; NURUL EMYLIANA SYAFIKA CHE YO; FAEZAH PARDI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160204

Abstract

Abstract. Ruziman HH, Mohti A, Yo NESC, Pardi F. 2024. Comparative assessment of carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption capacities in Koompassia malaccensis and Hopea nervosa in Tekam Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 185-191. Trees, the dominant life form in forests, are essential in the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere, especially for the carbon cycle of the ecosystem. This study aims to assess CO2 absorption by two forest production species: Koompassia malaccensis Maingay and Hopea nervosa King. The experiment was carried out in an acrylic box, and the variation of carbon dioxide concentration, humidity, light, and temperature was measured using a Carbon Dioxide, Light, Temperature, and Humidity (CLTM) sensor. The experiment was conducted in an open area from 7:30 am to 6:30 am the next day (23 hours). The results showed that H. nervosa absorbed more CO2 (71.13 ppm/hour) than K. malaccensis (51.54 ppm/hour), thus promoting its ability to address climate change in the microenvironment. As for the relationship between carbon dioxide absorption and photosynthesis variables, both species show a positive correlation between CO2 absorption and humidity. In contrast, light and temperature were very weakly correlated to CO2. Therefore, it was identified that H. nervosa (Dipterocarpaceae) and K. malaccensis (Fabaceae) are tree species with high CO2 absorption capacity and thus can be considered suitable trees for replanting, especially in light of carbon mitigation initiatives.
Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels in different drying processes KEZIA ESTHER T. ABAL; CASIANO H. CHORESCA JR.; FERNAND F. FAGUTAO; GWEN ANUEVO; MARY JANE S. APINES-AMAR; FERNIE A. CATIENZA; FIONA L. PEDROSO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160216

Abstract

Abstract. Abal KET, Choresca Jr. CH, Fagutao FF, Anuevo G, Apines-Amar MJS, Catienza FA, Pedroso FL. 2024. Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels in different drying processes. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 292-296. Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) is abundantly grown in the Philippines and is primarily utilized for its juice, resulting in peels as a waste product. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different drying techniques (sun-drying, dehydration, and oven-drying) on the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of calamansi peels. The dried samples were analyzed for nutritional content such as protein, fiber, fat, ash, carbohydrates, and moisture. Antioxidant properties were also measured through a DPPH scavenging activity assay, including total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The results showed that Calamansi Dehydrated (CDD) had a significantly higher protein and fiber content than oven-dried and sundried, and calamansi oven-dried (COD) peels had the highest carbohydrate, fat, moisture, and ash content. Calamansi Sundried (CSD) has a significantly highest value of 21.04±2.44% scavenging activity, followed by CDD (20.79±5.43% scavenging activity), and then COD (8.91±1.89% scavenging activity) in DPPH assay. For Total Phenolic Content (TPC), CDD has a significantly higher value of 192.6±21.99 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L-1 dry sample, followed by CSD and COD, with 145.7±6.54 mg GAE L-1 dry sample and 70.7±8.87 mg GAE L-1 dry sample, respectively. CSD had the highest value in Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of 163.3±1.90 mg catechin equivalent (CE L-1 dry sample ) mg catechin Equivalent (CE) L-1 dry sample, followed by COD (121.0±6.87 mg CE L-1 sample), and CDD (41.9±6.25 mg CE L-1 sample. The findings suggest sun-drying and dehydration as drying techniques resulted in higher antioxidant properties and economic viability.
Shallow water sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from the Andhra Pradesh, India J.S. YOGESH KUMAR; ARYA SEN; C. RAGHUNATHAN; C. VENKATRAMAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160202

Abstract

Abstract. Kumar JSY, Sen A, Raghunathan C, Venkatraman C. 2024. Shallow water sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from the Andhra Pradesh, India. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 154-168. The current manuscript explores the initial underwater survey findings, revealing 19 heterobranch species across 10 genera, 6 families, 2 suborders, one order, and one superorder within the Visakhapatnam coast of Andhra Pradesh, India. While, the heterobranchs fauna of Andhra Pradesh has been studied by several authors, it has been observed that underwater surveys to discover this marine group are lacking from the region, and therefore, the present study has been done. These species from the study site include Coryphellina exoptata, Pteraeolidia semperi, Dendrodoris krusenstenii, Doriprismatica atromarginata, Glossodoris sp. cf. cincta, G. rufomarginata, Goniobranchus alius, G. setoensis, G. fidelis, G. trimarginatus, Hypselodoris bullockii, H. nigrostriata, H. sagamiensis, H. kanga, Jorunna funebris, Phyllidia ocellata, P. polkadotsa, Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis, and Elysia marginata. Remarkably, 13 of these heterobranchs species are documented for the first time in the Andhra Pradesh region, with 12 belonging to the order Nudibranchia and one to the superorder Sacoglossa. The manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of morphometric characteristics, detailed descriptions, photography, and distribution trends of 19 heterobranchs species, as well as a comprehensive literature record of sea slugs found in Andhra Pradesh, India. Sea slugs, being the butterflies of the ocean, are a great part of the ecosystem, although based on economic valuation, they are regarded as a low-value bycatch, trash. The bottom trawl is one of the major threats to the habitat destruction for these animals. Thus, the habitats along the Andhra coastline should be known so that fishing activities in these parts could be restricted for the better survival of sea slugs.
Enhancing the production of phycocyanin biopigment from microalga Arthrospira maxima through medium manipulation utilizing Box-Behnken Design MUHAMMAD SYAWALUDDIN HILMI YAHYA; MURNI HALIM; FADZLIE WONG FAIZAL WONG; HELMI WASOH; JOO SHUN TAN; MOHD SHAMZI MOHAMED
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160213

Abstract

Abstract. Yahya MSH, Halim M, Wong FWF, Wasoh H, Tan JS, Mohamed MS. 2024. Enhancing the production of phycocyanin biopigment from microalga Arthrospira maxima through medium manipulation utilizing Box Behnken Design. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 263-276. Phycocyanin is among the valuable pigments produced by microalgae Arthrospira spp. possessing significant nutritional and coloring properties. It is widely used in food, nutraceutical, and biotechnology applications. Presently, Arthrospira platensis is a species very much established for producing phycocyanin commercially. Given the extensive research works and understanding of A. platensis, there exists a significant opportunity to explore lesser-studied but potentially valuable strains, such as A. maxima, specifically for pigment production capabilities. This study aims to optimize the phycocyanin production from the A. maxima by first considering vital media components for phycocyanin secretion by the microalgal cells, namely sodium nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium chloride and a number of precursors. Upon identifying the most significant factors, their composition in the NRC production medium was manipulated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Initial screening using the Plackett-Burman Design revealed two macronutrients and a precursor that significantly affected the target response (?>0.05): sodium nitrate, dipotassium phosphate and glutamic acid. The three factors were further refined using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), a variation of the RSM technique. In one BBD run, the highest phycocyanin yield was 224.86 mg/L, achieved using a recipe comprising 0.0125 M sodium nitrate, 0.375 mM dipotassium phosphate and 0.625 mM L-glutamic acid. This resulted in an increase of 37.85% improvement over the basal medium. BBD's validating recipe comprising 0.0125 M sodium nitrate, 0.375 mM dipotassium phosphate and 0.625 mM L-glutamic acid then produced 235.98 g/L of phycocyanin, which in turn has a 44.67% improvement of phycocyanin yield compared with an unoptimized NRC medium. This significant increase in phycocyanin yield demonstrates the potential of this research to enhance phycocyanin production for commercial use and further research. In conclusion, optimizing the composition of a medium can significantly increase phycocyanin production.
The effects of Jebisa on nutrient intake and hematology profile in adolescent girls with anemia MARTHA ARUM NUGRAHENI; DONO INDARTO; ETI PONCORINI PAMUNGKASARI; TRI NUGRAHA SUSILAWATI; SINU ANDHI JUSUP; Niniek Purwaningtyas; SETYO SRI RAHARDJO; SRI WULANDARI; KEZIA ELIAN DEVINA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160207

Abstract

Abstract. Nugraheni MA, Indarto D, Pamungkasari EP, Susilawati TN, Jusup SA, Purwaningtyas N, Rahardjo SS, Wulandari S, Devina KE. 2024. The effects of Jebisa on nutrient intake and hematology profile in adolescent girls with anemia. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 210-218. Anemia is a public health problem that often occurs in adolescent girls in developing countries, including Indonesia, mainly due to iron deficiency. Iron supplementation has been implemented for anemia treatment, but there are some side effects for long-term use. The Indonesian Government also fortified wheat flour with iron and folic acid, but the efficacy of fortification remains unclear. Snake fruit seeds contain high iron (Fe) and vitamin C levels but they are usually thrown away. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of jelly-containing snake fruit seed flour (SSF) and sugar, now called Jebisa, on macro and micronutrient intake and hematological profile in adolescent girls with anemia. Thirty tree adolescent girls from five public high schools in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, were randomly grouped into three categories: Control group (C) was given plain jelly with Fe tablets, and Treatment groups (T1-T2) were given jelly-containing 18.52 g and 37.04 g SSF, respectively, for 60 days. Data were analyzed using the one-way and repeated measures ANOVA tests followed by the Post Hoc Tukey and the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric data. A significant value was set to p<0.05. The results suggested that the average daily energy intake, carbohydrates, and fibers significantly increased in the T1 and T2 groups compared to the C group (p<0.05). The average Fe intake in the T2 (19.59±1.70 mg/day) was significantly higher than that of T1 (10.74±2.40 mg/day) and C group (4.74±3.43 mg/day) with p<0.001. The T1 group had higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels (11.44±2.01 g/dL) than the C (11.04±1.92 g/dL) and T2 groups (10.89±0.67 g/dL) but were not significantly different. In conclusion, regular consumption of jelly-containing SSF increased the daily intake of energy, carbohydrates, fibers, Fe, and Hb levels in adolescent girls with anemia.
Influence of media variations and growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus asper bamboo WAN NURFARZANA WAN MOHAMAD ZANI; NORRIZAH JAAFAR SIDIK; NUR AFIQAH MOHD ISA; ASMAH AWAL; NURUL IZZATI OSMAN; NORALIZA ALIAS; MOHD KHAIRI NORDIN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n160210

Abstract

Abstract. Zani WNWM, Sidik NJ, Isa NAM, Awal A, Osman NI, Alias N, Nordin MK. 2024. Influence of media variations and growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus asper bamboo. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 237-244. This study reports the effects of different types of media and combination of plant growth regulators on the in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer bamboo species, a species known for its economic significance and challenges in traditional cultivation. The experiment was initiated through the cultivation of in vitro nodal segments as explants in various strengths (half-strength and full-strength) of Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) and Vacin & Went (VW) media, supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) hormone. Optimal results were achieved in full-strength MS media with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, with the highest shoot number (5.6 shoots) and length (2.14±0.18 cm), surpassing outcomes in VW media. Shoot multiplication in full-strength MS media, with varying BAP and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone combinations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) was conducted, and the combination of 4.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 IBA yielded the highest number of shoots (5.17±3.97), while supplementation with 4.0 mg L-1 IBA alone resulted in the longest shoot with 1.89±1.15 cm. These findings underscore the significance of tailored conditions for optimal in vitro propagation of this species. Further investigations could explore additional factors influencing the propagation process for better refinement of bamboo cultivation techniques.

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