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Indonesia-Malaysia Cooperation in Human Rights Criminal Law Enforcement Mohammad Ali; Muhammad Al Kindy; Elmi Sasmitanigtyas; Anastasia Kolo
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): CLEAR Journal of May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v2i1.23

This study aims at analyzing the form of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia in enforcing Human Rights (HAM), with a focus on the role of Constitutional Law in framing state obligations in such cooperation. Although ASEAN has a human rights mechanism, the effectiveness of ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR), is limited. Thus, it raises the significant of bilateral cooperation between ASEAN member countries, especially Indonesia and Malaysia. A qualitative approach with a descriptive analytical method was geared to explore a deeper understanding of the implementation of this cooperation. The results of interviews with officials from the Indonesian and Malaysian Ministries of Foreign Affairs revealed that although there are several bilateral agreements involving the protection of migrant workers and combating human trafficking, implementation in the field is hampered by unclear law enforcement and differences in interpretation of state obligations. Despite the agreement between the two countries, the biggest obstacle lies in the weak governance mechanism and the inconsistency of the legal systems between Indonesia and Malaysia. In this context, Indonesian Constitutional Law plays an important role in ensuring that any international cooperation, including Malaysia, must be approved by the House of Representatives (DPR) to avoid violating the constitutional principles and human rights. The recommendation from this study is the importance of strengthening the monitoring mechanism and capacity of related institutions, to ensure better protection for Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia and optimize bilateral cooperation in enforcing human rights

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM (ANALISIS PUTUSAN NOMOR : 333/Pid.B/LH/2019/PN.Ckr) Achmad Fadhilatur Rahman
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): CLEAR Journal of May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v3i1.37

Accountability plays a crucial role in fostering awareness to prevent individuals from committing unlawful acts that may harm the public. This study is particularly noteworthy as it examines a judicial decision based on the third alternative indictment of the public prosecutor, where the relevant provision does not stipulate a minimum fine. Consequently, judges may impose penalties of a very minimal amount. The research focuses on three aspects: (1) A review of corporate liability for environmental pollution offenses under positive law, as reflected in Decision No. 333/Pid.B/LH/2019/PN.Ckr; (2) An examination of the same case from the perspective of Islamic criminal law; and (3) A comparative analysis between the two legal frameworks. The objective is to understand and compare corporate liability in environmental pollution cases under both systems based on the aforementioned ruling. This normative legal research adopts statutory and case approaches, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection was conducted through literature review, document analysis, and legal dictionaries, while data analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s theory—comprising data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion—validated through triangulation. Findings indicate that, under positive law, the absence of a minimum fine in Article 104 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law (PPLH) undermines deterrence, as judges may impose insufficiently punitive sanctions. In contrast, Islamic criminal law prescribes imprisonment and exile for environmental pollution offenders. The study concludes that the effectiveness of sentencing is better aligned with the positive law framework, provided that a minimum fine requirement is incorporated into Article 104 of the PPLH Law. Pertanggungjawaban memiliki peran penting dalam menumbuhkan kesadaran agar seseorang tidak melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum yang merugikan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menarik karena menyoroti putusan hakim berdasarkan dakwaan alternatif ketiga penuntut umum, di mana pasalnya tidak menetapkan batas minimal pidana denda. Akibatnya, hakim dapat menjatuhkan denda dalam jumlah sangat kecil. Fokus penelitian mencakup: (1) Tinjauan hukum positif tentang pertanggungjawaban korporasi atas tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan dalam putusan No. 333/Pid.B/LH/2019/PN.Ckr; (2) Tinjauan hukum pidana Islam atas kasus yang sama; dan (3) Perbandingan keduanya. Tujuan penelitian adalah memahami dan membandingkan perspektif hukum positif dan hukum pidana Islam terkait pertanggungjawaban korporasi berdasarkan putusan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan kasus. Sumber hukum meliputi bahan primer, sekunder, dan tersier, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka, studi dokumen, dan kamus hukum.Analisis data mengikuti teori Miles dan Huberman, meliputi ngumpulan, reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan, serta uji keabsahan dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut hukum positif, penjatuhan pidana denda tanpa batas minimal tidak memberikan efek jera, sebagaimana terlihat pada Pasal 104 UU PPLH. Sementara itu, hukum pidana Islam memandang pelaku pencemaran lingkungan layak dijatuhi pidana penjara dan pengasingan. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas putusan lebih sesuai dengan konsep hukum positif, dengan catatan penambahan ketentuan batas minimal denda pada Pasal 104 UU PPLH.

TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PROSES PENEGAK DAN PUTUSAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI YANG DILAKUKAN WAKIL BUPATI PASURUAN PERIODE 2013-2018: ISLAMIC LEGAL REVIEW OF THE ENFORCEMENT PROCESS AND JUDGMENTS OF CORRUPTION CRIMES COMMITTED BY THE DEPUTY REGENT OF PASURUAN FOR THE 2013-2018 PERIOD Achmad Sofian Erianto; Fathor Rahman
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): CLEAR Journal of May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v2i1.40

Law enforcement against corruption crimes must comply with existing laws and regulations. The corruption case involving the former Deputy Regent of Pasuruan for the 2013–2018 period illustrates differences in the legal process, particularly the disparity in verdicts between the first-instance court and the appellate court. This research focuses on: 1) The law enforcement process against the former Deputy Regent of Pasuruan 2013–2018, 2) The court rulings on the corruption crime, and 3) The Islamic legal perspective on the process and rulings of the case. The research method used is qualitative with an empirical approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data validity ensured through triangulation. The findings show: 1) The law enforcement process went through five stages, namely investigation, inquiry, prosecution, trial, and execution. The entire process was based on applicable regulations, and the actions of the Prosecutor’s Office were considered appropriate and in accordance with the law. 2) The legal rulings in this case show two different categories of verdicts. The disparity was influenced by the prevailing legal system, judges’ interpretations of the law, and their schools of thought. 3) From the perspective of Islamic law, the law enforcement process aligns with the principles of sharia. Meanwhile, the court ruling on this corruption case, when viewed through Islamic law, falls under the category of ta’zir, a type of punishment determined by the ruler or judge based on policy. Thus, this case demonstrates how positive law and Islamic law share common ground in law enforcement principles, despite differences in the rulings. Penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana korupsi harus mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kasus korupsi yang melibatkan mantan Wakil Bupati Pasuruan periode 2013–2018 menggambarkan adanya perbedaan dalam proses hukum, khususnya disparitas putusan antara pengadilan tingkat pertama dan pengadilan tingkat banding. Penelitian ini berfokus pada: 1) Proses penegakan hukum terhadap mantan Wakil Bupati Pasuruan periode 2013–2018, 2) Putusan pengadilan terkait tindak pidana korupsi tersebut, dan 3) Perspektif hukum Islam terhadap proses serta putusan kasus tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan empiris. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui tahapan pengumpulan, reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan data, dengan validitas data yang dipastikan melalui triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Proses penegakan hukum melalui lima tahapan, yaitu penyelidikan, penyidikan, penuntutan, persidangan, dan eksekusi. Seluruh proses didasarkan pada peraturan yang berlaku, dan tindakan Kejaksaan dinilai tepat serta sesuai dengan hukum. 2) Putusan hukum dalam kasus ini menunjukkan dua kategori putusan yang berbeda. Disparitas tersebut dipengaruhi oleh sistem hukum yang berlaku, interpretasi hakim terhadap hukum, serta aliran pemikiran hukum yang dianut hakim. 3) Dari perspektif hukum Islam, proses penegakan hukum tersebut selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Sementara itu, putusan pengadilan atas kasus korupsi ini, jika ditinjau dari hukum Islam, termasuk dalam kategori *ta’zir*, yaitu jenis hukuman yang ditetapkan oleh penguasa atau hakim berdasarkan kebijakan. Dengan demikian, kasus ini menunjukkan bagaimana hukum positif dan hukum Islam memiliki kesamaan dalam prinsip penegakan hukum, meskipun terdapat perbedaan dalam putusan yang dihasilkan.

PENERAPAN MEDIASI PENAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT MELALUI RUMAH RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DI KEJAKSAAN NEGERI BONDOWOSO Andhita Alvionita; Yudha Bagus Tunggala Putra
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): CLEAR Journal of May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v3i1.38

Restorative Justice is an approach in criminal case resolution that prioritizes reconciliation and restoration. This approach involves bringing together the victim, the offender, and relevant members of the community to engage in dialogue with an emphasis on consensus and mutual agreement. The foundation for resolving cases using Restorative Justice is regulated by the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Regulation No. 15 of 2020 on the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice. The focus of this research in this thesis is: (1) How is the implementation of Community-Based Penal Mediation through the Restorative Justice House established by the Bondowoso District Attorney's Office? (2) What is the effectiveness of the implementation of Community-Based Penal Mediation through the Restorative Justice House at the Bondowoso District Attorney's Office? This research aims to examine the implementation of Community-Based Penal Mediation through the Restorative Justice House established by the Bondowoso District Attorney's Office and to assess the effectiveness of the application of Community-Based Penal Mediation through the Restorative Justice House at the Bondowoso District Attorney's Office. Restorative Justice merupakan pendekatan dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana dengan mengedepankan perdamaian dan pemulihan Kembali. Dalam penyelesaian keadilan restoratif ini dengan mempertemukan korban dan pelaku serta masyarakat terkait untuk melakukan dialog dengan mengedepankan musayawarah mufakat. Dasar penyelesaian perkara dengan mengggunakan Restorative Justice yakni Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Retoratif. Pada fokus penelitian ini skripsi ini yaitu (1) Bagaimana Pelaksanaan Mediasi Penal Berbasis Masyarakat Melalui Rumah Restorative Justice Yang Di Bentuk Oleh Kejaksaan Negeri Bondowoso? (2) Bagaimana Efektifitas Penerapan Mediasi Penal Berbasis Masyarakat Melalui Rumah Restorative Justice Kejaksaan Negeri Bondowoso? Dan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Bagaimana Pelaksanaan Mediasi Penal Berbasis Masyarakat Melalui Rumah Restorative Justice Yang Di Bentuk Oleh Kejaksaan Negeri Bondowoso dan Untuk mengetahui Bagaimana Efektifitas Penerapan Mediasi Penal Berbasis Masyarakat Melalui Rumah RestorativeJustice Kejaksaan Negeri Bondowoso.

Implementasi Diversi terhadap Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas di Kepolisian Resor Jember dari Tahun 2022 sampai Tahun 2024 Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam: Implementation of Diversion for Children as Perpetrators of Traffic Accidents at the Jember Police Resort from 2022 to 2024 Based on Positive Law and Islamic Law Perspectives Moch Niko Unnaso’I; Dwi Hastuti
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): CLEAR Journal of May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v3i1.42

There are research focuses in this thesis, namely: 1) What is the role of the Jember Resor Police in implementing diversion of children as perpetrators of traffic accident crimes based on a positive legal perspective? 2) What are the factors that hinder the implementation of diversion against children as perpetrators of traffic accidents in the Jember Resor Police? 3) How is the implementation of diversion against children as perpetrators of traffic accident crimes based on the perspective of Islamic law? This study uses an empirical legal research method, by combining a sociological approach to law with a legislative approach.The results of this study are: 1. The role of the Jember Resor Police in implementing diversion against children as perpetrators of traffic accident crimes, the police are involved in the mediation process, if an agreement is reached, a restorative justice approach is carried out. However, if mediation does not work, then a diversion process will be carried out. 2. Judging from the inhibiting factors based on law enforcement in the Jember Resor Police, based on the legal structure, lies in the complaint offense, and in the substance of the law, the obstacle lies in the diversion conditions that are not specifically mentioned. However, the SPPA Law mentions what needs to be taken into account and considered in the diversion process, as well as in the legal culture of obstacles that occur due to the lack of legal awareness in society. And the obstacle to the diversion process is regarding the absence between the two parties to the Satlantas office due to distance and incorrect assumptions regarding the long handling and the cost that is spent. 3. If viewed from the perspective of Islamic law, that traffic accidents are not regulated specifically but this diversion effort is also called As-shulhu which means peace, and for the actions given to the child who commits the crime, the act of ta'dib is given, namely education whose punishment is to give lessons which do not affect the child's psyche and the suitability of Islamic law and positive law prioritizes case to restorative justice process. Terdapat fokus penelitian dalam skripsi ini, yaitu: 1) Bagaimana peran Kepolisian Resor Jember dalam mengimplementasikan diversi terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas berdasarkan perspektif hukum positif? 2) Apa saja faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan diversi terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas di Kepolisian Resor Jember? 3) Bagaimana implementasi diversi terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas berdasarkan perspektif hukum Islam? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris, dengan memadukan pendekatan sosiologis hukum dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1. Peran Kepolisian Resor Jember dalammengimplementasikan diversi terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas, yaitu polisi terlibat dalam proses mediasi. Jika tercapai kesepakatan, maka dilakukan pendekatan keadilan restoratif. Namun, apabila mediasi tidak berhasil, maka dilanjutkan ke proses diversi. 2. Jika ditinjau dari faktor penghambatnya berdasarkan penegakan hukum di Kepolisian Resor Jember, pada struktur hukumnya hambatan terletak pada sifat delik aduan, sedangkan pada substansi hukumnya hambatan terletak pada syarat diversi yang tidak disebutkan secara spesifik. Namun, dalam Undang-Undang SPPA disebutkan hal-hal yang perlu diperhitungkan dan dipertimbangkan dalam proses diversi. Pada aspek kultur hukum, hambatan muncul karena rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Hambatan lain dalam proses diversi yaitu ketidakhadiran kedua belah pihak di kantor Satlantas karena jarak serta anggapan yang keliru mengenai penanganan yang lama dan biaya yang besar. 3. Jika ditinjau dari perspektifhukum Islam, kecelakaan lalu lintas tidak diatur secara spesifik, namun upaya diversi ini disebut As-shulhu yangberarti perdamaian. Terhadap anak pelaku diberikan tindakan ta’dib, yaitu pendidikan dengan hukuman yang bersifat memberi pelajaran tanpa memengaruhi kejiwaan anak. Dengan demikian, baik hukum Islam maupun hukum positif samasama mengutamakan penyelesaian melalui keadilan restoratif.

Kedudukan Amicus Curiae sebagai Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim dalam Persidangan Richard Eliezer (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor : 798/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel): The Position of Amicus Curiae as a Legal Consideration of the Judge in the Richard Eliezer Trial (Case Study Decision Number: 798/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel) Restu Singgih
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): CLEAR Journal of May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v3i1.33

The emergence of amicus curiae in Decision Number: 798/Pi.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel. constitutes an unusual legal occurrence. As a civil law country, Indonesia does not formally recognize this concept, which is generally applied in common law jurisdictions. This research focuses on the position of amicus curiae in Indonesia and the reasons for its appearance in the aforementioned decision. The aim is to determine the role of amicus curiae in Indonesia’s system of evidence and judiciary, as well as the factors that led to its inclusion in Decision Number: 798/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel. This study adopts a normative legal research method with legislative and conceptual approaches. The position of amicus curiae has not been specifically regulated within Indonesia’s evidentiary law. However, it may be applied based on judicial discretion and Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Law on JudicialPower, thereby making its use possible in criminal proceedings.Them appearance of amicus curiae in this decision was triggered by a discrepancy between the sentence sought by the public prosecutor and the contribution of the defendant, who also acted as a cooperating witness. Amicus curiae is not a form of evidence but rather a means of public participation in assisting the court in its decision-making process.To achieve progressive legal reform, the existence of amicus curiae should be supported by a clear legal basis. This is essential to ensure that its application in the criminal justice system provides protection, supports fair decision-making, and fosters legal certainty. Munculnya amicus curiae dalam Putusan Nomor: 798/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel. merupakan suatu fenomena hukum yang tidak biasa. Sebagai negara yang menganut sistem civil law, Indonesia secara formal tidak mengenal konsep ini yang umumnya diterapkan dalam sistem common law. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kedudukan amicus curiae di Indonesia serta alasan kemunculannya dalam putusan tersebut. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui peran amicus curiae dalam sistem pembuktian dan peradilan Indonesia, serta faktorfaktor yang mendorong masuknya konsep ini dalam Putusan Nomor: 798/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Sel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Kedudukan amicus curiae belum diatur secara khusus dalam hukum acara pembuktian di Indonesia. Namun, penerapannya dimungkinkan melalui diskresi hakim dan Pasal 5 ayat (1) UndangUndang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, sehingga penggunaannya tetap dapat terjadi dalam perkara pidana. Kemunculan amicus curiae dalam putusan tersebut dipicu oleh adanya ketidaksesuaian antara tuntutanpidana yang diajukan oleh jaksa penuntut umum dan kontribusi terdakwa yang juga berperan sebagai justice collaborator. Amicus curiae bukan merupakan alat bukti, melainkan sarana partisipasi publik untuk membantu pengadilan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Demi mewujudkan reformasi hukum yang progresif, keberadaan amicus curiae perlu didukung oleh landasan hukum yang jelas. Hal ini penting agar penerapannya dalam sistem peradilan pidana mampu memberikan perlindungan, mendukung putusan yang adil, serta menjamin kepastian hukum.

Penggunaan Dokumen Elektronik sebagai Alat Bukti dalam Tindak Pidana Prostitusi Di Media Sosial: The Use of Electronic Documents as Evidence in Prostitution Crimes on Social Media Farid Septyan Fathoni
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): CLEAR Journal of May 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v3i1.43

This research has two objectives. First, to describe and explain the legal regulations contained in Indonesian legislation regarding electronic evidence that is closely related to the criminal act of online prostitution on social media. Second, to analyze the procedures and processes used in court proceedings in relation to the use of electronic evidence in the form of electronic documents in criminal acts of prostitution on social media. This study uses normative juridical research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The technique of collecting legal materials is carried out through document or literature studies of existing legal materials. The results of this study indicate, first, that electronic evidence has been specifically regulated in the provisions regarding electronic information. As electronic evidence, it can take the form of information, important documents, as well as other data that fall within the electronic scope. The legality of electronic evidence is not only contained in the ITE Law but is also accommodated in regulations outside the law. The difference lies only in the position of the evidence, whether it stands alone or serves as supporting evidence. Second, that the settlement of criminal cases of prostitution on social media, in terms of proof, refers to the provisions of the ITE Law as the basis for the use of electronic evidence. However, the overall process of criminal proceedings continues to use the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) as the foundation, from examination up to the resolution process at the subsequent stages. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan, pertama, Untuk mendeskripsikan dan menguraikan bagaimana aturan hukum yang ada dalam perundang-undangan di Indonesia mengenai alat bukti elektronik yang erat kaitannya dengan tindak pidana prostitusi Online di media sosial. Kedua, Untuk menganalisis alur dan proses yang digunakan dalam persidangan kaitannya dengan pembuktian menggunakan alat bukti elektronik yang berupa dokumen elektronik pada tindak pidana prostitusi di media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen atau kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, Bahwa secara khusus alat bukti elektronik sudah diatur dalam ketentuan peraturan tentang informasi elektronik, sebagaimana bukti elektronik bahwasanya alat bukti elektronik ini bisa berupa suatu informasi baik dokumen informasi penting dan juga informasi lainya yang masih dalam lingkup elektronik. Serta legalitas alat bukti berupa elektronik tidak hanya terdapat dalam UU ITE saja, namun ketentuan di luar UU tersebut juga ikut serta mengakomodir alat bukti berupa elektronik tersebut, namun yang membedakan hanya pada penempatan sebagai bukti yang berdiri sendiri atau bukti sebagai petunjuk. Kedua, Bahwa penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana prostitusi pada media sosial, proses pembuktiannya mengacu pada ketentuan UU ITE sebagai suatu dasar penggunaan alat bukti elektronik. Namun, proses keseluruhan acara pidananya tetap menggunakan dasar KUHAP dalam pemeriksaan hingga proses upaya penyelesaian di tingkat selanjutnya.

STUDI ANALISIS TERHADAP PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA SANTET DALAM PASAL 252 KUHP: ANALYSIS STUDY ON THE PROOF OF WITCHCRAFT CRIMES UNDER ARTICLE 252 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE Choirul Anam; Martoyo
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): CLEAR Journal of May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v2i1.45

Witchcraft (santet), a controversial phenomenon of black magic, presents significant challenges in legal proceedings yet poses potentially severe consequences, including injury or even death. The enactment of Article 252 of Law No. 1 of 2023 represents a legislative effort to formally regulate the practice of santet. While the mystical nature of santet continues to make evidentiary processes difficult, the provision attempts to strike a balance between the preservation of traditional beliefs and the enforcement of objective legal protection. Nonetheless, the real impact of this law’s implementation remains a subject requiring further scholarly investigation. This study examines two primary aspects: first, the formulation of santet as a criminal offense within the framework of Article 252 of Law No. 1 of 2023; and second, the evidentiary provisions associated with such an offense. Using a qualitative methodology with a library research approach, the study draws upon relevant literature, synthesizes findings, conducts analysis, and critically evaluates the constructed body of knowledge. The findings reveal that the formulation of santet as a criminal offense in Article 252 emphasizes preventive measures, seeks to address a legal vacuum, and responds to the prevailing social context in which belief in supernatural forces remains widespread. This approach aligns with related provisions in Articles 546–547 of the Criminal Code concerning the act of offering assistance in committing a crime. Furthermore, the evidentiary rules in Article 252 place greater emphasis on proving an offer or admission to perform santet rather than proving the act itself. Consequently, the focus lies in establishing the connection between the santet practitioner and the individual who engaged their services an act that may be classified as criminal conspiracy and thereby subject to legal sanctions. Praktik santet sebuah fenomena ilmu hitam yang kontroversial menghadirkan tantangan signifikan dalam proses hukum sekaligus berpotensi menimbulkan dampak serius, termasuk cedera fisik hingga kematian. Pemberlakuan Pasal 252 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 merupakan upaya legislatif untuk mengatur praktik santet secara formal. Meskipun sifat mistis santet terus menyulitkan proses pembuktian, ketentuan ini berupaya menyeimbangkan antara pelestarian kepercayaan tradisional dan penegakan perlindungan hukum yang objektif. Kendati demikian, dampak nyata dari penerapan undang-undang ini masih menjadi topik yang memerlukan kajian akademis lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua aspek utama: pertama, perumusan santet sebagai tindak pidana dalam kerangka Pasal 252 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023; dan kedua, ketentuan pembuktian yang terkait dengan tindak pidana tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dan pendekatan studi pustaka, penelitian ini memanfaatkan literatur yang relevan, menyintesiskan temuan, melakukan analisis, serta mengevaluasi secara kritis kerangka pengetahuan yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perumusan santet sebagai tindak pidana dalam Pasal 252 menekankan pada langkah-langkah preventif, berupaya mengisi kekosongan hukum, serta merespons konteks sosial di mana kepercayaan terhadap kekuatan supranatural masih tersebar luas. Pendekatan ini selaras dengan ketentuan terkait dalam Pasal 546–547 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) mengenai pemberian bantuan dalam melakukan tindak pidana. Lebih lanjut, aturan pembuktian dalam Pasal 252 lebih menitikberatkan pada pembuktian adanya tawaran atau pengakuan untuk melakukan santet daripada pembuktian atas tindakan santet itu sendiri. Dengan demikian, fokus utamanya terletak pada pembuktian adanya hubungan antara pelaku santet dan individu yang menggunakan jasanya sebuah tindakan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai permufakatan jahat dan karenanya dapat dikenai sanksi hukum.

Analisis Komparatif Pembuktian Jarimah Perkosaan Perspektif Qanum Aceh No.7 Tahun 2013 Tentang Hukum Acara Jinayat Dan KUHAP: A Comparative Analysis of the Proof of the Crime of Rape from the Perspective of Aceh Regulation No. 7 of 2013 on Jinayat Procedure Law and the Criminal Procedure Code Sofi Anggraeni; Muhammad Aenur Rosyid
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): CLEAR Journal of May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v2i1.46

With the development of the times, the level of crime continues to increase with various types of perpetrators. The normalization of free association has triggered a growing number of rape cases year by year. This research focuses on three points: 1) How is the mechanism of proving rape (jarimah) in the perspective of Qanun Aceh No. 7 of 2013 concerning Jinayat Procedural Law? 2) How is the mechanism of proving rape in the perspective of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP)? 3) How is the comparison between the two legal systems in terms of proof? The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of proving rape from the perspective of Qanun Aceh and KUHAP, as well as to compare the differences between them. The research uses normative legal methods with a statutory and normative approach, library research techniques, and deductive reasoning with conclusions drawn using the syllogism method. The study results in three conclusions. First, in Qanun Aceh, proof of rape is examined through ordinary proceedings with seven types of evidence. Witness testimony is the most fundamental evidence, but it must be supported by other evidence in order to convict the perpetrator. Second, in KUHAP, the proof mechanism is generally similar but more comprehensive, covering both evidence presented inside and outside the court. Third, the comparison shows two main differences: the number of admissible evidence seven in Qanun and five in KUHAP and the status of physical evidence. In Qanun, physical evidence stands independently as valid proof, while in KUHAP it only serves as corroborative evidence (petunjuk) based on witness testimony. Seiring perkembangan zaman, tingkat kejahatan terus meningkat dengan beragam profil pelaku. Normalisasi pergaulan bebas telah memicu peningkatan jumlah kasus pemerkosaan dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian ini berfokus pada tiga poin: 1) Bagaimana mekanisme pembuktian tindak pidana pemerkosaan (*jarimah*) menurut perspektif Qanun Aceh Nomor 7 Tahun 2013 tentang Hukum Acara Jinayat? 2) Bagaimana mekanisme pembuktian pemerkosaan menurut perspektif Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) Indonesia? 3) Bagaimana perbandingan antara kedua sistem hukum tersebut dalam hal pembuktian? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis proses pembuktian pemerkosaan dari perspektif Qanun Aceh dan KUHAP, serta membandingkan perbedaan di antara keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan normatif, teknik studi pustaka, serta penalaran deduktif dengan penarikan kesimpulan menggunakan metode silogisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga kesimpulan. Pertama, dalam Qanun Aceh, pembuktian pemerkosaan diperiksa melalui prosedur biasa dengan tujuh jenis alat bukti. Keterangan saksi merupakan alat bukti paling mendasar, namun harus didukung oleh alat bukti lain untuk dapat menjatuhkan vonis terhadap pelaku. Kedua, dalam KUHAP, mekanisme pembuktiannya secara umum serupa namun lebih komprehensif, mencakup alat bukti yang dihadirkan baik di dalam maupun di luar persidangan. Ketiga, perbandingan tersebut menunjukkan dua perbedaan utama: jumlah alat bukti yang dapat diterima (tujuh dalam Qanun dan lima dalam KUHAP) serta status alat bukti fisik. Dalam Qanun, alat bukti fisik berdiri sendiri sebagai bukti yang sah, sedangkan dalam KUHAP alat bukti fisik hanya berfungsi sebagai bukti pendukung atau petunjuk yang didasarkan pada keterangan saksi.

Analisis Kritis Efektivitas Sanksi Pidana Denda Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Sektor Pertambangan dan Pemulihan Lingkungan: Critical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Criminal Sanctions and Fines for Corporate Liability in the Mining Sector and Environmental Restoration Dimas Aji Pangestu Sultan AN; Teguh Karya Pamungkas
CLEAR: Criminal Law Review Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Clear Journal of November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/clear.v3i2.50

The legal issue of environmental damage caused by corporate mining activities raises critical questions regarding the effectiveness of penal fines as a law enforcement instrument. This study aims to critically analyze the extent to which penal fines can encourage corporate responsibility in the mining sector to prevent damage and undertake environmental restoration. Employing a normative-empirical legal research method, data was collected through literature review and legal document analysis, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The findings indicate that despite the existing regulations on penal fines, their effectiveness is still hampered by fine amounts often disproportionate to environmental losses, the complexity of proving corporate fault, and challenges in allocating fine funds for concrete environmental restoration. Factors such as law enforcement capacity, integrity, and corporate compliance culture also play a role. Regulatory reforms, enhanced law enforcement capacity, and a more comprehensive combination of sanctions are needed to achieve optimal deterrence and environmental restoration goals. Isu hukum kerusakan lingkungan akibat aktivitas pertambangan oleh korporasi menimbulkan pertanyaan kritis mengenai efektivitas sanksi pidana denda sebagai instrumen penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis sejauh mana sanksi pidana denda mampu mendorong pertanggungjawaban korporasi sektor pertambangan dalam mencegah kerusakan dan melakukan pemulihan lingkungan. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan analisis dokumen hukum, serta dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun sanksi pidana denda telah diatur, efektivitasnya masih terhambat oleh besaran denda yang seringkali tidak proporsional dengan kerugian lingkungan, kompleksitas pembuktian kesalahan korporasi, serta tantangan dalam alokasi dana denda untuk pemulihan lingkungan yang konkret. Faktor-faktor seperti kapasitas penegak hukum, integritas, dan budaya kepatuhan korporasi turut mempengaruhi. Diperlukan reformasi regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas penegak hukum, dan kombinasi sanksi yang lebih komprehensif untuk mencapai efek jera dan tujuan pemulihan lingkungan yang optimal.

Home Page

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Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Dwi Hastuti

Contact Email
dwi.mkpugm@gmail.com

Phone
+6282138220026

Journal Mail Official
dwi.mkpugm@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Sharia Faculty (Fakultas Syariah), Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember Jl. Mataram No. 1 Mangli, Kaliwates, Jember 68136, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Location
Kab. jember,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Dwi Hastuti

Contact Email dwi.mkpugm@gmail.com

Phone +6282138220026

Journal Mail Official dwi.mkpugm@gmail.com

Editorial Address Sharia Faculty (Fakultas Syariah), Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember Jl. Mataram No. 1 Mangli, Kaliwates, Jember 68136, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Location Kab. jember, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Dwi Hastuti

Contact Email
dwi.mkpugm@gmail.com

Phone
+6282138220026

Journal Mail Official
dwi.mkpugm@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Sharia Faculty (Fakultas Syariah), Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember Jl. Mataram No. 1 Mangli, Kaliwates, Jember 68136, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Location
Kab. jember,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA