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Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law
Published by Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi
ISSN : 29884454     EISSN : 29884462     DOI : 10.70177/rjl
Core Subject :
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law is a leading international journal focused on the global exchange of knowledge in Law as well as advancing research and practice across law disciplines. The journal provides a forum for articles reporting on original research, systematic and scholarly reviews focused on law from around the world. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law publishes national and international research in an attempt to present a reliable and respectable information source for the researchers. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law has been published since 2023 and is published quarterly. However, since 2025, this journal has changed the number of publications, i.e., bi-monthly | February, April, June, August, October, and December. Articles submitted for publication are subject to a double-blind review process. This journal publishes original articles in English.
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Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 4 no. 3 (2026)" : 7 Documents clear
Understanding the Judge's Decisions which Are Best for Children to Realize Justice for all Post Diversion Failure Adam Idris; Shamsul Anwar
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.1552

Abstract

Background. The juvenile justice system prioritizes restorative justice through diversion to protect the rights and future development of children in conflict with the law. Nevertheless, diversion does not always achieve an agreement, creating legal challenges for judges in balancing the interests of child offenders, victims, and society while ensuring that judicial decisions remain consistent with the principle of justice for all. Purpose. This study aims to analyze judicial decisions rendered after the failure of diversion and to examine how judges uphold the best interests of the child within the broader framework of justice for all. Method. This research employs a normative legal research design focusing on judicial decisions as the primary object of analysis. The study relies exclusively on secondary data obtained through an extensive review of legal literature, including statutory regulations, judicial decisions, legal doctrines, and scholarly publications. Results. The findings reveal that the failure of diversion does not eliminate the obligation of judges to prioritize the best interests of the child. Judicial decisions are formulated by considering recommendations from the Correctional Center (BAPAS), legal advisors, and community perspectives, while also taking into account the interests of victims and the wider public. Conclusion. Judicial decisions following unsuccessful diversion continue to uphold the principle of the best interests of the child within the framework of justice for all. Such decisions demonstrate that juvenile sentencing should integrate rehabilitation, victim protection, and societal interests to achieve equitable and sustainable justice.
Interpol Red Notices as Surrogate Tools of Political Persecution: Normative Failure and Reform Ignasius Justin Devrata; Joko Setiyono
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.2347

Abstract

Background. INTERPOL Red Notices are designed to facilitate international police cooperation by assisting member countries in locating and provisionally arresting wanted persons pending extradition or similar legal proceedings. However, in practice, Red Notices may produce coercive effects despite their non-binding character, particularly when used by authoritarian regimes to pursue political opponents, journalists, human rights defenders, refugees, and exiled critics across jurisdictions. Purpose. This study aims to analyze the normative failure of existing protection mechanisms, particularly Article 3 of the INTERPOL Constitution and the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF), in preventing the misuse of Red Notices as surrogate tools of political persecution, and to formulate a reconstructed normative oversight framework. Method. This research employs doctrinal legal research with a prescriptive-analytical specification, using statutory, conceptual, case-based, comparative, and historical approaches. The legal materials consist of INTERPOL legal instruments, CCF-related documents, international human rights norms, selected cases, scholarly literature, and comparative legal materials. Results. The study finds that the normative failure arises from the abstract formulation of Article 3, formalistic assessment of ordinary criminal charges, reactive nature of CCF remedies, limited procedural transparency, reliance on information supplied by requesting states, and fragmented domestic implementation of Red Notices. Conclusion. The oversight of INTERPOL Red Notices should be reconstructed through a preventive, contextual, and rights-based framework, including a contextual political-motivation test, heightened scrutiny for vulnerable political targets, rebuttable presumptions in refugee or asylum-related cases, burden-shifting to requesting states, stronger interim measures, and greater procedural transparency.
The Legal Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Justice: From Surveillance to Sentencing Md Shodiq; Rina Farah; Nurul Huda
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.3832

Abstract

Background. The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in criminal justice systems has raised significant concerns regarding its legal implications, particularly in surveillance and sentencing practices. As AI technologies become more embedded in law enforcement and judicial decision-making, questions surrounding privacy, accountability, and fairness have become central to discussions of legal reform. Purpose. The study aims to evaluate the extent to which current legal frameworks can address these challenges and propose reforms to ensure ethical use of AI in criminal justice systems. Method. A qualitative methodology is employed, using semi-structured interviews with legal experts, policymakers, and AI practitioners, alongside secondary data from case studies and policy documents. Results. The findings indicate that while AI has the potential to enhance efficiency, it often perpetuates existing biases and lacks sufficient oversight, leading to unjust outcomes. Conclusion. The study concludes that robust legal frameworks are essential to prevent the misuse of AI in criminal justice and to protect fundamental rights. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on AI's intersection with law and offers practical recommendations for legal reforms.
Legal Challenges in Regulating Cryptocurrency: A Global Comparative Analysis Clara Mendes; Rafaela Lima; Jamil Khan; Harly Chifford Jonas Salmon
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.3927

Abstract

Background. Growing adoption of cryptocurrencies has generated significant legal concerns related to asset classification, consumer protection, anti-money laundering compliance, taxation, financial stability, and cross-border enforcement. Regulatory responses vary considerably across jurisdictions, creating legal uncertainty and challenges for governments, businesses, and investors. Purpose. This study aims to analyze the principal legal challenges in cryptocurrency regulation and compare regulatory approaches adopted by different jurisdictions worldwide. Method. A qualitative comparative legal research design was employed, utilizing doctrinal analysis of legislation, regulatory frameworks, policy documents, judicial decisions, and institutional reports from selected jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union, China, Japan, Singapore, and El Salvador. Results. The findings reveal substantial regulatory fragmentation driven by differences in legal traditions, policy priorities, and institutional capacities. Legal classification ambiguity, anti-money laundering compliance, cross-border enforcement difficulties, consumer protection concerns, and adaptation to technological innovation emerged as the most significant regulatory challenges. Jurisdictions implementing balanced and adaptive regulatory frameworks demonstrated greater regulatory certainty and market stability than those adopting highly restrictive or excessively permissive approaches.   Conclusion. The study concludes that effective cryptocurrency governance requires regulatory clarity, risk-based supervision, and enhanced international cooperation to address the evolving complexities of digital asset markets while supporting innovation and financial integrity.
Blockchain Technology and Its Role in Transforming Legal Transactions and Smart Contracts Ryan Teo; Marcus Tan; Fathurrahman Fathurrahman
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.4085

Abstract

Background. Legal transactions in contemporary digital economies continue to rely on intermediary-driven systems that often generate inefficiencies, delays, and high operational costs. Blockchain technology emerges as an innovative infrastructure capable of transforming conventional legal processes through decentralized verification and automated execution mechanisms. Purpose. This study aims to analyze the role of blockchain technology in transforming legal transactions and smart contracts within modern legal systems. Method. A qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach is employed using comparative legal analysis, secondary data evaluation, and expert interpretation of blockchain-based contractual systems. Data sources include legal frameworks, blockchain technical documentation, and institutional reports, analyzed through thematic coding and comparative performance assessment. Results. Results indicate that blockchain-based smart contracts significantly reduce transaction processing time from hours to minutes, lower dispute frequency, and improve execution accuracy and transparency compared to traditional legal systems. Inferential findings confirm statistically significant efficiency gains and cost reductions associated with blockchain adoption in legal transactions. Conclusion. The study concludes that blockchain technology fundamentally restructures legal transaction systems by enhancing automation, transparency, and reliability, while still requiring adaptive legal frameworks to address jurisdictional and enforceability challenges in decentralized environments.
Legal Responsibilities of Transportation Organizers for Passenger Protection Kemmala Dewi; Aris Krisdiyanto
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.4182

Abstract

Background. This research is motivated by the increasing public demand for transportation services that guarantee safety, comfort, and fairness, along with high mobility and the rapid development of land, sea, and air transportation. Purpose. This research aims to examine the forms of legal responsibility of transportation operators in protecting passengers and assess its implementation based on the experiences and perceptions of service users.   Method. The approach used is qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and exploration of the views of passengers as key informants. Data are analyzed descriptively and analytically to identify patterns of responsibility, dispute resolution procedures, and the level of perceived effectiveness of legal protection. Results. Research findings indicate that while legal instruments provide a sufficient basis for protection, practical barriers to compensation and access to dispute resolution mechanisms remain.   Conclusion. Therefore, strengthening oversight functions, increasing service transparency, and optimizing the complaints system are necessary to ensure transportation operators' legal responsibilities are met effectively and fairly.
The Role of Law in Promoting Sustainable Finance and Green Investments in Emerging Markets Fatima Malik; Sara Hussain; Li Wei; Muh. Cendekiawan Ainul Haq
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.4195

Abstract

Background. Growing environmental challenges, climate-related financial risks, and increasing global commitments to sustainable development have intensified the importance of legal frameworks in directing capital toward environmentally responsible investments. Emerging markets face particular pressure to balance rapid economic growth with environmental sustainability while strengthening investor confidence, regulatory transparency, and institutional accountability. Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the role of law in promoting sustainable finance and green investments in emerging markets by examining the relationships among legal quality, regulatory effectiveness, institutional governance, investor protection, and sustainable financial development. Method. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed using comparative data from 24 emerging market economies observed over a ten-year period. Quantitative analyses incorporated descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, hierarchical regression, mediation and moderation analyses, while qualitative evidence from expert interviews, policy document reviews, and institutional observations was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results. Findings demonstrated that legal certainty significantly strengthened sustainable finance development, investor confidence, financial transparency, and green investment performance. Sustainable finance partially mediated the relationship between legal quality and investment outcomes, whereas institutional governance enhanced the effectiveness of regulatory implementation. Conclusion. Sustainable green investment depends upon the coordinated integration of legal certainty, regulatory quality, institutional governance, financial transparency, and environmental accountability, providing an evidence-based foundation for resilient financial systems and long-term sustainable economic development in emerging markets.

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