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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019" : 8 Documents clear
Growth and Meat Quality Enhancement of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Using Recombinant Growth Hormone Lubis, Reni Agustina; Alimuddin, Alimuddin; Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (154.589 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.710

Abstract

The application of fish recombinant growth hormone (rGH) has been known as one of the methods to improve the growth performance of cultured fishes, one of which is the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, a species that is becoming commercially attractive in Indonesia. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects of rGH supplementation in commercial diet on the growth, feed utilization and flesh quality in P. hypophthalmus grow out. The rGH was mixed with chicken egg yolk and sprayed on the commercial feeds with different protein levels (32, 28 and 23%). In the control, the feeds were also sprayed with chicken egg yolk but without rGH.  Striped catfish with body weights of 110.66 ± 1.32 g ind-1 were fed on rGH-supplemented diets two times a week during the first and third months, and during the rest of the months they were fed on diet without rGH supplementation. The fishes were reared for 120 days in 18 hapa (2×1×1.5 m3) with initial density of 20 fishes per hapa. The result showed that the highest weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained by fishes fed on 32% protein content with rGH-supplemented diet. No significant difference was observed in the weight gain, SGR and FCR in rGH treated group with 28% protein content with rGH supplemented diet and non-rGH control group receiving 32% protein diet. Similar moisture content of meat, protein content of meat, belly fat and edible portion were observed in rGH-supplemented diet and their control. Except in the treatment 23% protein content rGH supplemented diet that has lower lipid content in fish body and meat. The highest SGR was obtained when the fishes were fed on the 32% protein feed combined with rGH. Enrichment with rGH depleted the fat content in the meat of fish fed on all levels of protein in which the lowest fat was found in the 23% protein feed.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Using Gα Gene and Callus Cultures Sulistiani, Erina; Suharsono, Suharsono; Supena, Ence Darmo Jaya; Miftahudin, Miftahudin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (133.176 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.989

Abstract

Cottonii seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) is one of the most important commercial sources of carrageenan, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. A major problem in the cultivation of this seaweed is ice-ice disease, which is caused by extreme changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and seawater salinity. Gene transformation to produce transgenic Kappaphycus lines that are tolerant to environmental stress is a potential solution to this problem. The Gα gene, which encodes the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit, plays an important role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic environmental stress. This study aimed to: (a) introduce the Gα gene into the callus cells of K. alvarezii and regenerate transformed callus cells into transgenic plantlets; and (b) determine the appropriate concentration of acetosyringone and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain for successful gene transfer into the callus of K. alvarezii. The callus cells of K. alvarezii were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA105 carrying the expression vector pGWB502-Gα under the control of the CaMV-35S promoter. The calli and A. tumefaciens were co-cultivated in different concentrations of acetosyringone (20, 40, and 60 mg/L). The regeneration of transformed callus cells into transgenic plantlets was successfully achieved using the somatic embryogenesis technique. The results showed that the highest percentage of putative transgenic micropropagule formation occurred at acetosyringone concentrations of 20–40 mg/L. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of twenty regenerated plantlets indicated that the Gα gene was successfully introduced into the genomic DNA of all samples. The highest transformation efficiency was obtained from the 20–40 mg/L acetosyringone co-cultivation treatment (22–28%). The transformation efficiency produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 (23%) was not significantly different from that produced using strain LBA4404 (15%).
Inhibitory Activities of Myristica fragrans Essential Oil on Aflatoxigenic Strains Sukcharoen, Oratai; Sirirote, Pramote; Thanaboripat, Dusanee
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (343.59 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.828

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 is a highly toxic and carcinogenic metabolite produced by aflatoxigenic strains that commonly contaminate food and agricultural commodities. This study evaluates the inhibitory effects of Myristica fragrans Houtt (nutmeg) essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation on the mycelial growth, sporulation, and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684 and Aspergillus parasiticus IMI 283883 by fumigation and contact application. An analysis of M. fragrans essential oil using the chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that its major components are safrole (42.50%), 4-terpineol (23.81%) and methyl eugenol (11.14%). At a concentration of 1000 ppm of essential oil, the mycelial growths of both Aspergillus strains were completely inhibited by vapor treatment but only reduced by about 70% by contact treatment. However, the sporulation and aflatoxin B1 production were completely inhibited by both contact and vapor treatments. Vapor treatment induced a higher level of inhibition than contact treatment. In conclusion, nutmeg essential oil is a potential biochemical agent that can help prevent contamination of stored foods and feeds.
Review: Solutions for Grand Challenges in Goat and Sheep Production Industry Aldridge, Mildred Elizabeth; Fearon, Jasmyn Elaine; Haynes, Bethany Peyton; Miller, Hannah Marie; Sanford, Katie Yvonne; Scott, Rachel Rebecca; Anglin, William Wess; Blalock, Lauren Susanne; Burkes, Briana Lashun; Cohn-White, Olivia Lucienne; Franks, Brittany Renee; Giles, Haleigh Margaret; Greene, Ashley Lorraine; Hanby, Riley Dawn; Holliman, Anna Grace; Kirby, John Mark; Klein, Austin William; Lehmann, Courtney Ann; Llyod, Grace Jennette; Lore, Cody Triston; McMurray, Tyler B.; Moody, Zachary Vinz; Palmer, Brianna Nicole; Pansano, Lindsey Virginia; Pickle, Ryan Matthew; Schaeffer, Laura Marie; Seidl, Jeneva Ruth; Smith, James Dean; Stepp, Hannah Faith; Satrio, Faisal Amri; Kutchy, Naseer Ahmad; Dechert, Ed; Rutherford, Cobie; Brown, Kipp; Purwantara, Bambang; Memili, Erdogan
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (126.511 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.944

Abstract

Goats and sheep are valuable as they are a source of meat, milk, fleece, and other products. These livestock are also important both for agriculture and biomedical research. However, the efficient, sustainable, and profitable production of these small ruminants faces major obstacles. Hence, this review analyzes these major challenges specifically, their negative impacts on the industry, and suggests some science-based solutions to overcome them. Those challenged areas are education and training, research, translational research/biotechnology, goat and sheep health, and maintenance of an economically sustainable agribusiness. The suggested solutions include the effective teaching of goat and sheep science to the next generation and public empowerment, support for innovative and translational research, disease prevention and treatment, support for technology transfer, and development of sound agribusiness practices. This review is helpful particularly for scientists, students, and the goat and sheep producers. In general, these information on the current state of goat and sheep agriculture will also help the public to better understand and appreciate the challenges met and opportunities provided in small ruminant production enterprises.
Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Properties of the Fruticose Lichen Ramalina From Guimaras Island, Philippines Gazo, Shenly Marie Tobias; Santiago, Krystle Angelique Aguda; Tjitrosoedirjo, Sri Sudarmiyati; dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7192.328 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.836

Abstract

Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13–19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides, and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum. A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice (Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management.
Placement of Syzygium boerlagei (Merr.) Govaerts (Myrtaceae) Confirmed With Atpb-Rbcl Intergenic Spacer Widodo, Pudji; Chikmawati, Tatik; Kusuma, Yayan Wahyu Candra
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.823

Abstract

A molecular analysis was conducted to determine whether Eugenia boerlagei Merr. (Myrtaceae) belongs to genus Eugenia or Syzygium based on sequences of cpDNA fragments namely atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer. The study used seven specimens of Syzygium sect. Jambosa, three of Syzygium sect. Syzygium, two of Eugenia s.s. and one of Eugenia boerlagei Merr. with Baeckea ovalifolia and B. tuberculata as the outgroup. The results show that Eugenia boerlagei is appropriately placed under the genus Syzygium.
Calamus vitiensis (Arecaceae), a New Record of Rattan in Sumbawa Island, Indonesia Rustiami, Himmah; Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.1012

Abstract

Calamus vitiensis, previously known to occur only in Papua New Guinea, Australia (Queensland), the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Fiji is now also found in the mountainous area of Batudulang, West Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. This paper presents a complete report of the description, notes, and illustrations of the species.
Cytotoxic Activity of Anredera cordifolia Leaf Extract on Hela Cells Virginia, Dita Maria; Saputra, Roni Permana; Setiawati, Agustina
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.863

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the second most frequently occurring cancer among females worldwide. Since the best strategy against cancer is to kill cancer cells without endangering normal cells, discovering a potentially selective anticancer agent from plants has become a major focus for researchers globally. A previous study on Anredera cordifolia, known as binahong in Indonesia, revealed its cytotoxic activity on HeLa cervical cancer cells with an IC₅₀ value of 75 µg/mL. However, the selectivity of the chemical agent and its molecular target was not investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the selectivity of ethanolic extract of Anredera cordifolia leaf (EAC) on Vero cells and its molecular target on HeLa cells. The extract was prepared by macerating A. cordifolia leaf powder in 70% ethanol. The viability of Vero cells was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the cell cycle of HeLa cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The molecular target of the extract was further investigated using immunocytochemical staining. The results demonstrated the selective cytotoxicity of EAC against HeLa cells compared to Vero cells, with a Selectivity Index (SI) of 17.36. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and suppressed Bcl-2 expression, an anti-apoptotic protein that also regulates cell cycle progression. These findings support the potential use of A. cordifolia leaf extract as a promising anticancer agent against cervical cancer, particularly HeLa cells.

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